REE geochemistry of gangue minerals and their geological significance in the Muli antimony ore deposit in Yunnan, China

The Muli antimony deposit is located in the Au-Sb polymetallic metallogenic belt in south-eastern Yunnan,China.In this paper,we investigated the concentrations of trace elements in gangue minerals,mainly calcite,quartz,and pyrite,which were formed at different metallogenic stages.Meanwhile,the host rocks,predominantly composed of limestone,are also analysed for comparison.The calcite from the Nadan ore section is enriched with medium-heavy rare earth elements(M-HREEs),likely due to the presence of a high concentration of Fe and Mn impurities,which results in the preferential enrichment of M-HREEs in the calcite.Alternatively,the calcite may be precipitated from the M-HREE・rich granitic leaching fluid.In the Muli ore section,both quartz and pyrite in the metallogenic period show enrichment with light rare earth elements(LREEs),and the wall rock is also enriched with LREEs,which indicates that the wall rock material was involved in the metallogenic process.The W-shaped tetrad effect of quartz in the late metallogenic stage was interpreted to determine extensive flu id-rock interactions in highly fractionated Si-rich systems.Fe and Mn impurities cause M-HREE to be preferentially enriched with calcite to some extent.Whether mineralization is related to granite deserves further study.Eu and Ce anomalies of different types of gangue minerals indicate that the temperature and the fO2 were constantly changing during mineralization,and the temperature of the main ore-stage was higher than 200°C in an oxidized state.The various REE patterns,LREE/HREE and(La/Yb)N values,reveal that there may be multi-sources and multi-stage hydrothermal activities in the Muli antimony deposit.The REE distribution patterns of minerals are likely interfered with by many internal and external factors.Studies on REE characteristics of calcite,quartz,pyrite and limestone in the Muli antimony deposit have greatly improved the understanding of ore-forming fluids.When we traced the origin and evolution of ore・forming fluids by means of mineral REE distribution patterns,in addition to the determination of inclusions of ore minerals related to mineralization and the in situ analysis methods performed by LA-ICP-MS,we should also com・bine the REE characteristics of various minerals or trace the ore-forming fluids with multiple methods.

A Case Study on the Occurrence and Mobility of the Shale Oil from the Muli Coalfield,Qilian Mountain

Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.

Geochemistry Characteristics of Granodiorite Porphyry in the Degongniuchang Copper Deposit, Muli, Sichuan Province, China

1 Introduction 1The Sanjiang region in SE Tibet Plateau and NW Yunnan is known to have formed by amalgamation of Gongwanaderived continental blocks and arc terranes as a result of oceanic subduction followed by continental

Structural Characteristics of the Suoluogou Gold Deposit in Muli County, West Sichuan Province

The Suoluogou gold deposit in Muli County of Sichuan Province is located in the southern section of the Ganzi- Litang suture zone （Figs. la, b）, which is the largest gold deposit discovered in this suture zone in recent years. At present, the exploration of the Suoluogou gold deposit is still in progress, and the amount of resource is increasing.

Gas Sources of Natural Gas Hydrates in the Muli Permafrost of Qilian Mountain

The gas hydrates in the permafrost region of Qilian Mountain are characterized by low latitude, thin thickness, shallow burial depth, abundant coal seams, high contents of heavy hydrocarbons and multiple sets of source rocks. Up to date, the source of gas or the main source rocks of the Mull gas hydrates have remained unclear.

Applying the AHP-FUZZY method to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: a case study of Chaidaer-Muli Railway

This article attempts to investigate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a case study, Chaidaer-Muli Railway is used to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions. The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is thus employed to establish the evaluation indicator system. The evaluation factor is selected by analyzing the mutual relation between the permafrost environment and roadbed engineering. Thus, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the selected evaluation indices. Each factor is weighted to determine the status in the evaluation system, and grading standards are built for providing a basis for the evaluation. Then, the fuzzy mathematical method is introduced to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions along the Chadaer-Muli Railway. Results show that most of the permafrost roadbed is in a preferable condition(b) along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway due to rubble engineering measures. This proportion reaches to 86.1%. The proportion in good(a), general(c) and poor states(d) are 0.0%, 7.5% and 6.4%, respectively, in all the evaluation sections along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway. Ground-temperature monitoring results are generally consistent with AHP-FUZZY evaluation results. This means that the AHP-FUZZY method can be applied to evaluate the effect of rubble roadbed engineering measures in permafrost regions. The effect evaluation of engineering measures will provide timely and effective feedback information for further engineering design. The series of engineering measures will more effectively protect permafrost stability.

Formation Age and Tectonic Setting of the Muli Arc-Ophiolite Complex in the South Qilian Belt, NW China

The Qilian orogenic belt is the northernmost orogen of the Tethyan domain and connects the Altaids to the north. It contains an assembly of Precambrian micro-continental fragments, early Paleozoic island arcs, accretionary complexes, ophiolites, forearc and backarc basins, and high-pressure(HP) metamorphic rocks, indicating a long history of accretionary processes. Spatially, this orogen is adjacent to the Tarim, Qaidam, and North China blocks, which also extends into accretionary orogenic belts to the east and SW such as the Qinling and Kunlun belts. Abundant ophiolites in this orogen record the closure of an early Tethyan Ocean and amalgamations between micro-continents of North China, Qaidam, and Tarim. Thus, the ages and tectonic settings of these ophiolites within this belt provide important information regarding evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and assembly of micro-continental blocks, which aids understanding of the spatial and temporal relationship of this orogen within the Tethyan realm. Dismembered ophiolites sporadically crop out along the northern margin of the South Qilian belt, and, from east to west, are locally referred to as the Lajishan, Gangcha, Muli, and Dadaoerji ophiolites. Much attention had been paid to these ophiolites, and several competing models for the tectonic evolution of this belt have been suggested. Considerable disagreement remains in respect of the temporal and spatial framework of the Qilian Orogen and details such as timing of subduction(s) and associated polarities, early collision events, and final closure of oceanic basins. In particular, the formation age and tectonic setting of Muli arc-ophiolite complex remains unknown, which limits understanding of the tectonics of the South Qilian belt and the history of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The Muli arc-ophiolite complex is distributed over 20 km^2 west of the township of Muli in the western segment of the South Qilian Belt and consists of serpentinite, dunite, cumulate gabbro, basalt, plagiogranite, and chert. Field mapping results demonstrate that these units have been largely destroyed by faulting and generally occur as blocks/slices. They are tectonically interlayered with Upper Ordovician – Lower Silurian siliciclastic turbidite. Arc-ophiolite rocks are intruded by 470–450 Ma subduction-related granitoid plutons and are unconformably overlain by shallow marine to non-marine sediments of Permian-Jurassic age. Basalts show typical subduction-related calc-alkaline geochemical affinity, representing portions of an island arc. Geochemical results for plagiogranites and spinels from serpentinite demonstrate that the Muli arc-ophiolite complex represents a super-subduction zone(SSZ)-type ophiolite. U-Pb zircon data indicate formation associated with southward subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean during a short interval between 539–522 Ma. Voluminous Late Ordovician-Early Silurian deep-water marine siliciclastic and volcaniclastic turbidites and volcanic arc rocks are exposed to the south of the Muli arc-ophiolite complex, whereas fluvial coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates unconformably overlie the Cambrian-Middle Ordovician ophiolite-arc systems in the eastern South Qilian Belt. These indicate that closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean was diachronous during the early Paleozoic.

Origin of the hydrate bound gases in the Juhugeng Sag, Muli Basin, Tibetan Plateau

The Juhugeng Sag,located in northwest of the Muli Basin,Tibetan Plateau,has been investigated for coal and petroleum resources during the past several decades.There have been successful recoveries of gas hydrates during recent years from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation that offer insight into the origin of the hydrocarbon gases from the complex sag feature.This study examines the organic geochemical and stable carbon isotopic characteristics of shale and coal samples from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation of the Juhugeng Sag,as well as compares with carbon isotopes,gas amounts and components of hydrate-bound gas.A total of 19 samples from surface mining,including 12 samples of black shale and 7 samples of coal,were analysed using a micro-photometer,a gas chromatograph,Rock–Eval and isotope methods.All the shale samples contained 100%type I kerogen,and the random vitrinite reflectance values vary from 0.65%to 1.32%and achieve thermal pyrolysis phase.Isotope values of methane(δ13C ranging from−52.6‰to−39.5‰andδD ranging from−285‰to−227‰)in the hydrate bound gases suggest that the methane originates mainly from thermogenic contributions.It is proposed that ethane from the gas hydrate is thermogenic-produced,and this conjecture is supported by the fact that most of the gas hydrate also contains more than 30%of thermogenic C2+hydrocarbons and is similar to structure II hydrate.Carbon isotope data from the gas hydrates show a positive carbon isotope series(δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3),with ethaneδ13C values being lighter than−28.5‰,as high consistency with source rocks from the Jurassic period indicate thermal oil-prone gas.A model of the accumulation of gas hydrate is plotted.However,the gaseous sources of gas hydrates may be a subject for more research.

Application of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction in Treatment of Physical and Mental Diseases

Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction is the representative treatment method of harmonizing and releasing combined with easing for lesser yang disease proposed by famous physician Zhang Zhongjing.Through clinical cases,this paper firstly introduced the main framework of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction,to make the treatment method of harmonizing and releasing become more flexible in clinical application.Besides,it introduced the common changes in the learning and application of the decoction,to respond to various changes in the clinical diseases.

基于网络药理学、分子对接和动物实验探究柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤治疗脑卒中后抑郁的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学、分子对接与动物实验探究柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤治疗脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的作用机制。方法:利用TCMSP等数据库预测柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤的活性成分及靶点;在PharmGKB等数据库检索PSD疾病靶点,利用Cytoscape(v 3.9.1)建立交集靶点网络,String(v11.5)数据库构建PPI网络,利用DAVID 6.8数据库进行GO富集及KEGG通路分析;运用AutoDock vina(v 1.1.2)软件进行分子对接,并使用Pymol(v 2.5)等软件进行可视化分析;动物实验设置空白组、模型组、盐酸氟西汀组、中药组、中药+盐酸氟西汀组,给药21 d后检测各组大鼠神经行为学评分、脑组织内神经递质以及炎症因子表达,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测关键基因PPARG、MAPK3、AKT1、PIK3CA mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:得到柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤活性成分225种,作用于PSD的靶点119个,关键靶点包括MAPK3、AKT1、PIK3CA、PPARG,关键通路包括MAPK信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。与模型组比较,中药组与中药+盐酸氟西汀组MAPK3 mRNA及蛋白表达降低,AKT1、PIK3CA、PPARG mRNA及蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤治疗PSD的作用机制可能与抑制MAPK3表达、促进AKT1、PIK3CA、PPARG表达,减缓脑组织炎症反应和氧化应激有关。

《方剂学》教材商榷5则

《方剂学》教材中存在一些值得商榷的问题,如安神药服药时间、麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤证是否兼有外邪、四逆散证有无外邪的方义解释、牡蛎散是否治疗盗汗、大秦艽汤的分类归属等。这些问题不单涉及到教学,更影响临床应用,对此作一探讨,以有利于中医教学与临床。

近20a木里地区草原植被盖度与生产力动态监测分析

以青藏高原北缘的木里地区为例,通过遥感监测及数据反演,获取近20 a木里草原植被盖度和生产力变化趋势,并结合驱动因素分析,形成结论如下:(1)近20 a木里地区草原植被覆盖度和NPP呈现波动,但整体呈增长趋势;(2)水热条件对木里地区草原植被变化影响明显,气温因素对该地区植被生长的影响高于降水。

四川木里县项脚沟“7•5”特大型泥石流特征及发展趋势分析

2021年7月5日,凉山州木里县项脚沟暴发特大型泥石流灾害。文章通过野外调查和特征参数计算,研究了本次泥石流的形成条件、暴发过程和暴发特征。根据实地考察判断,泥石流主要在森林火灾、短时强降雨和沟道地形条件等因素共同作用下暴发,为暴雨径流冲刷引发的火后泥石流。暴雨形成的洪水冲刷坡面、侵蚀沟道,导致沟道两岸坍塌滑坡,堵溃效应明显,泥石流规模扩大。项脚沟过火面积达74.61%,高烈度火烧区面积达57.98%,泥石流临界降雨强度为77.84 mm/h,累计降雨达141.60 mm。根据泥石流特征参数计算结果,此次泥石流密度范围为1.83~1.93 g/cm^(3),属黏性泥石流,主沟下游出口流速为7.22 m/s,峰值流量759.08 m^(3)/s。结合雨洪法和形态调查法结果分析,此次泥石流重现周期为百年一遇。结合泥石流发育趋势,文章认为流域仍有可能暴发大型泥石流,提出了上游固坡、中游调控、下游排导的防治建议。

基于“五位一体”理论探析柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗抑郁障碍机制

“五位一体”是基于方性、方位、方效、方证及现代药理5个方面研究经方的思路,通过全方面探讨、多维度分析柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗抑郁障碍机制。其方性辛苦甘而寒,辛入肺,苦入心,甘入脾,协同发挥改善抑郁的作用;方位为少阳;方效为和解少阳、疏肝泄热、镇惊安神,旨在调畅枢机、周布相火,维持和激发精神活动的动力;方证为少阳气郁,热扰心神所致的各种病证;药理研究发现,该方治疗抑郁障碍机制包括调节神经递质水平、上调脑源性神经营养因子表达、保护海马神经元、调控炎症因子等。本文运用“五位一体”理论分析该方,以期为临床应用及进一步挖掘该方提供参考。

朱涛如经验方新制龙牡汤探析及临床应用

探讨芜湖市名老中医朱涛如经验方新制龙牡汤的组方用意和临床应用。类比新制龙牡汤与经典名方柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤、桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤的异同:三方虽均有安神定志之用意,但与柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤相比,新制龙牡汤针对的是无形虚邪而非有形实邪;与桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤相比,新制龙牡汤更偏于滋阴而非温阳。新制龙牡汤具有育阴潜阳、调和营卫等功效。本文总结朱老临床应用该方治疗高血压眩晕、梦遗滑精、肾盂肾炎等疾病的经验,类比其他医家相似医案治法治意的异曲同工之处。另附笔者临床应用新制龙牡汤加减治疗帕金森综合征医案一则。

Effect of Guizhi Gancao Longgu Muli Tang on sleep disturbances in menopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Guizhi Gancao Longgu Muli Tang(GGLMT), a decoction prepared with herbal medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on sleep disturbances in women with menopause.METHODS: Totally 162 participants were recruited for the treatment of sleep difficulty from February,2012 to December, 2014. Decoction of 200 mL was taken by every participant twice daily in half an hour after lunch and dinner during two weeks.Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburg sleep quali-ty index(PSQI) and menopausal symptoms and quality of life were evaluated by the menopause rating scale(MRS) and the Chinese version of World Health Organization quality of life-BREF at the final fellow-up in the fourth weekend after beginning.RESULTS: The average scores of PSQI had reduced from(13.82 ± 4.97) to(8.14 ± 3.19), 95% CI(- 4.87,- 3.05) after 2-week GGLMT treatment in the fourth week. GGLMT improved symptoms in patients with more severe conditions(MRS ≥ 16).Three adverse drug reaction, mouth ulcer, constipation, and folliculitis, might be related with GGLMT and disappeared after withdrawals of the treatment.CONCLUSION: For menopausal women suffering from chronic sleep disturbances, our findings suggest that two weeks treatment of GGLMT was safe and effective.

醒脑开窍针刺联合柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗卒中后癫痫的效果观察

目的探讨醒脑开窍针刺联合柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗卒中后癫痫的效果。方法选取2021年2月-2022年2月本院收治的168例卒中后癫痫患者为研究对象,利用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各84例,对照组采用柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗,观察组采用醒脑开窍针刺联合柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗,比较2组患者的中医证候积分、癫痫发作情况、认知功能、血清学指标、治疗效果、不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组发作频率及发作时间低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)评分及总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)、非对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);2组不良反应发生情况差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.525,P=0.469)。结论醒脑开窍针刺联合柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗能够有效改善患者的中医证候及癫痫发作情况,提高认知功能及治疗效果,降低患者血清学指标,值得推广。

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗继发性抑郁症的研究进展

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤(柴胡龙牡汤)出自《伤寒论》第107条,是和解少阳、通阳泄热、镇惊安神的效方,全方由柴胡、龙骨、黄芩、生姜、铅丹、人参、桂枝、茯苓、半夏、大黄、牡蛎、大枣12味药配伍组成,因其加减应用方便,临床效果明显,常为多种疾病所应用。当前抑郁症发病率越来越高,继发性抑郁症所占比重越来越大,严重影响了患者的生活质量,越发受到社会的重视。随着双心医学的发展,对抑郁症的认识愈发深入,本文主要回顾近10年来国内外相关文献发现,柴胡龙牡汤与继发性抑郁症的研究已经取得阶段性成果,但缺少总结,导致该方药不能被系统利用。目前对于柴胡龙牡汤治疗继发性抑郁症的机制研究主要在于调控神经递质、调节神经通路、改善内分泌系统、调节激素水平、抗炎、改善肠道菌群等方面,临床对于多种先发疾病引起的继发性抑郁症均有良好疗效,能有效减轻患者的临床症状,改善患者生活水平,降低复发率。文章通过对柴胡龙牡汤治疗继发性抑郁症的药理机制、临床研究等进行综述,以期为进一步研究提供参考,为临床应用提供指导。

基于多种群竞争差分进化算法的稀布线阵优化

为进一步降低差分进化算法及其改进算法优化稀布线阵时的峰值旁瓣电平,提出了一种基于多种群竞争的差分进化算法。用多个亚种群代替单一种群,借鉴竞争机制对亚种群进行评估,根据评估得分确定各亚种群产生新个体的数量,分数高的亚种群可以产生更多新个体,体现出高质量亚种群的优势。引入信息交流行为将这种优势扩散到其他亚种群,加快整个种群的收敛速度,提高解的质量。对亚种群评估和信息交流行为的机制分析以及实验验证表明,2种行为结合使用算法性能最佳。3种天线实例仿真实验表明:与对比算法中最优算法相较,所提方法50次实验的平均峰值旁瓣电平分别降低了4.31、1.31、0.41 dB。

柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤治疗急性胆囊炎临床研究

目的 观察柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤治疗急性胆囊炎的效果。方法 选择2020年1月-2023年1月于威海市中医院就诊的急性胆囊炎患者102例,采用随机数表法分成对照组与观察组,各51例。对照组给予头孢他啶联合奥硝唑氯化钠注射液静脉滴注与左氧氟沙星片口服治疗,观察组在此基础上给予柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤口服治疗。观察2组患者中医证候积分、血清炎症因子水平、免疫功能、临床疗效与不良反应。结果 治疗后,观察组患者中医证候积分、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均低于对照组(P <0.05);观察组患者免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG、IgM与治疗总有效率均高于对照组(P <0.05);2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤治疗急性胆囊炎可有效减轻临床症状,及炎症反应,提高患者免疫功能,且安全性较高。