Thixoforming of 6066 aluminum alloy by multi-layer spray deposition

Two thixoforming technologies of 6066 aluminum alloy (Al 1.37Si 1.37Mg 0.77Cu 0.07Mn ) produced by multi layer spray deposition process were studied. The spray formed materials are of equiaxed and very fine grain (10～20 μm). And the grain size coarsens slower than that of conventional casting materials at temperature below the liquidus, which may relate to high temperature particles distributed along the grain boundaries. Extrusion and hot pressing were used as the thixoforming processes respectively. After extrusion the materials show a microstructure of mean grain size below 20 μm without obvious recrystallization. The mechanical properties achieved via extrusion and pressing in semi solid state attain that of common wrought materials with shorter peak aging time of 4～5 h, about half of that in conventional condition. [

Preparation of 6066/SiC-p composites by multilayer spray deposition

SiC particulate reinforced 6066 aluminium alloy metal matrix composites (MMCs) were prepared by multi layer spray forming. The preparation technology and process parameters were discussed. It is shown that SiC particulate can be continuously and evenly fed and co deposited in the spray forming process. The reciprocally scanning movement of spraying system can make the SiC particulates distribute homogeneously in the composite. The ratio of SiC particulates captured by the metal matrix is influenced by process parameters, especially the metal flow rate. 6066/SiC p composite preforms of d 300 mm×540 mm and tubes with a size of up to d 650/ d 300 mm×1 000 mm were made by the same process. After extrusion and T6 heat treatment, the multi layer spray deposited 6066/SiC p composites can achieve improved properties. [

Preparation of large size aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms by multi-layer spray deposition

Preparation of large scale aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms have been studied by the methods of vertical spray deposition and tilted spray deposition respectively. The results show that aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms of a size up to d 320 mm×500 mm can take shape well by applying multi layer tilted spray deposition technology if the process is controlled properly. The spray system scans in a radius ranging from the center to the rim of the preform, and the velocity is inversely proportional to the displacement. The multi layer deposited preforms exhibit high cooling rate. The larger the diameter is and the higher the cooling rate and yield are.

A NOVEL MULTI-LAYER SPRAY DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY

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On the Representation of Multi-layer Woven Structure

A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.

Characterization of Cd1-xZnxTe（0≤x≤1） Nanolayers Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition on GaSb and GaAs（001） Oriented Substrates

ZnTe, CdTe, and the ternary alloy CdZnTe are important semiconductor materials used widely for the detection of an important range of electromagnetic radiation as gamma ray and X-ray. Although, recently these materials have acquired renewed importance due to the new explored nanolayer properties of modern devices. In addition, as shown in this work they can be grown using uncomplicated synthesis techniques based on the deposition in vapour phase of the elemental precursors. This work presents the results obtained from the deposition of nanolayers of these materials using the precursor vapour on GaAs and GaSb (001) substrates. This growth technique, extensively known as atomic layer deposition (ALD), allows the layers growth with nanometric dimension. The main results presented in this work are the used growth parameters and the results of the structural characterization of the layers by the means of Raman spectroscopy measurements. Raman scattering shows the peak corresponding to longitudinal optical (LO)-ZnTe, which is weak and slightly redshift in comparison with that reported for the ZnTe bulk at 210 cm^-1. For the case of the CdTe nanolayer, Raman spectra presented the LO-CdTe peak, which is indicative of the successful growth of the layer. Its weak and slightly redshift in comparison with that reported for the CdTe bulk can be related with the nanometric characteristic of this layer. The performed high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) measurement allows to study some important characteristics such as the crystallinity of the grown layer. In addition, the HR-XRD measurement suggests that the crystalline quality has dependence on the growth temperature.

Improving wear resistance of magnesium alloy AZ91D by TiN-CrN multilayer coating

Applying a novel method of arc-glow plasma depositing, a 2μm-thick coating with 12 sub-layers of TiN and CrN was deposited alternately on the surface of magnesium alloy AZ91D to improve its wear resistance. The wear behavior was investigated by test of ball on disc sliding. The composition and microstructure of the coating were also analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glow discharge spectrum (GDS), and the morphology of TiN-CrN film was surveyed through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atom force microscopy (AFM).The adhesion strength between film and matrix was evaluated by ways of stick-peeling test. The surface micro-hardness of the coating is above HK0.011 433, and the specific wear ratio of specimens coated with TiN-CrN films tested decreases greatly compared to that of the bare metal.

SiCp/Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si复合材料的显微组织及室温力学性能

研究了多层喷射沉积SiCP/Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si复合材料通过挤压后再轧制以及模压致密后再轧制的显微组织特点及其室温力学性能。通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察在加工过程中复合材料的显微组织,分析显微组织密度对室温力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过挤压后再轧制以及模压后再轧制的SiCp/Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si复合材料具有突出的室温性能,其中通过挤压后轧制板材的室温抗拉强度(σb)达555 MPa,模压后轧制得到的板材室温抗拉强度(σb)达620 MPa;分析认为其突出的室温性能主要得益于复合材料中的颗粒状SiC的颗粒增强以及材料中弥散析出的Al13(Fe,V)3Si相、喷射沉积工艺得到基体材料的细小晶粒(约800 nm)、通过大量变形形成晶粒内和晶界附近的位错缠结以及喷射原始颗粒边界氧化皮的破碎而产生的强化。

SiCp／Al-Fe-V-Si复合材料组织与性能的热稳定性

为研究SiCP/Al-Fe-V-Si复合材料的热稳定性,对多层喷射沉积技术制备的SiC颗粒增强Al-Fe-V-Si合金经过不同温度下的热稳定性实验后进行了硬度检测,并对其显微组织进行了电镜观察。结果表明:随着基体合金材料中Fe含量的提高,复合材料的组织和力学性能具有更好的高温稳定性。添加SiC颗粒后,SiC颗粒向基体中注入Si,由于基体中Si浓度的提高,减慢了合金中第二相弥散粒子的粗化和分解,与未添加SiC颗粒的合金材料相比,添加SiC颗粒复合材料的组织和力学性能具有更好的高温稳定性。

多层喷射沉积过共晶Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的微观组织及力学性能

多层喷射沉积技术具有冷速快、工艺简单、氧化程度低、制备的材料组织细小且分布均匀等特点 .而使高硅铝合金充分发挥实用价值的关键是细化初晶硅 .作者用多层喷射沉积技术制备了过共晶Al Si Cu Mg合金 ,并与传统的铸态冶金制备的相同化学成分的合金进行了比较 .对合金的沉积坯、热挤压处理后的微观组织进行了观察与分析 .结果表明 ,多层喷射沉积合金的初晶硅大小只有 2 5 μm左右 .并对合金的拉伸性能、扫描断口进行了测试与观察 ,提出了合金的强化与断裂机制 .

Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si/SiC_P复合材料热加工工艺的研究

研究了多层喷射沉积Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si/SiCP复合材料的热加工工艺,以及不同工艺对其力学性能的影响。通过调整不同的工艺参数来获得最优化的工艺,并通过金相、X-射线、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察了在不同加工过程中复合材料的显微组织,分析了工艺参数对其加工性能以及最终力学性能的影响。结果表明,在490℃通过挤压后再轧制以及模压后再轧制的Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si/SiCP复合材料具有突出的室温性能和高温性能,热压后轧制得到的板材室温抗拉强度达620 MPa,315℃下抗拉强度达300 MPa,400℃下抗拉强度为185 MPa。分析认为其突出的室温性能和高温性能主要是得益于复合材料中的颗粒状SiC与基体的结合状况良好以及材料中弥散析出的Al13(Fe,V)3Si相、喷射沉积工艺得到的细小晶粒(约800 nm),并且通过大量变形形成晶粒内和晶界附近的位错缠结以及喷射原始颗粒边界氧化皮的破碎而产生的强化。

激光多层沉积Ti-6Al-3Mo合金的微观组织与性能

以纯Ti,Al,Mo元素粉末为原料,采用激光多层沉积技术制备Ti-6Al-3Mo合金,研究了激光多层沉积Ti-6Al-3Mo合金的微观组织特征及硬度分布.首先针对合金沉积层的凝固组织展开研究,分析激光多层沉积Ti-6Al-3Mo合金的凝固组织的形态特征及形成规律,并结合多元合金凝固柱状晶/等轴晶转变模型分析其形成机理.结果表明,激光多层沉积Ti-6Al-3Mo合金的凝固组织由外延生长的粗大柱状晶组成,仅在沉积试样的最顶部,形成一层薄薄的细小等轴晶;其次研究了β晶内α相的形成和分布.结果表明,原始β晶内的微观组织主要由大量的α束域,初生魏氏α板条以及板条间β相组成.在组织研究的基础上,对沉积层不同区域的硬度分布进行测试,为激光多层沉积Ti-6Al-3Mo合金的进一步深入研究及应用奠定科学基础.

倾斜-急倾斜多层矿体回采时安全阶段高度的确定

多层排列矿床过程中高度是矿床安全开采的重要因素之一。结合多层矿床赋存的情况以及开采的特点,以倾斜~急倾斜矿体为主,研究其不一样的开采方式对紧挨着的矿层的影响的关系,并且创建安全开采过程中高度还有矿体的间距、围岩移动角以及矿体倾角等赋存因素的解析关系式,在这一基础上研究每一个因素对安全开采阶段高度的影响变化。经过分析统计,最终用于验证实际矿山安全阶段高度的选择科学合理,其能够选择多层矿体安全开采步骤的高度提供理论支持。

基于逐层生成的多轴机器人增材制造轨迹优化研究

为解决增材制造生产旋转薄壁零件时出现的阶梯效应和沉积问题,提升零件制造的质量与精度,提高增材制造效率,提出了一种基于逐层生成的多轴机器人增材制造轨迹优化策略。首先,基于六轴机器人的逆几何模型构建方向向量,并从中提取方向参数定义不同层的目标函数和约束函数,提出逐层轨迹优化策略;其次,考虑同轴沉积系统产生的轴冗余,运用轴冗余改善机器人的运动轨迹,并将轨迹优化应用于旋转薄壁零件的实际制造;最后,为验证所提方法的有效性,选取逐点和非优化轨迹策略,并选择空心半球体、拉瓦尔喷嘴和进气漏斗构型进行实验验证。实验结果表明,所提方法能够提供更平滑的关节运动轨迹,提升零件的制造质量与制造效率,且与非优化轨迹策略相比,所提方法具有更高的几何精度,可有效改进增材制造工艺。

多层防砂管柱正反循环砾石沉积研究分析

针对中海油服一趟多层充填/压裂施工管柱工具存在的砾石流动沉积问题,开展防砂工具砾石沉积实验和流动仿真模拟研究。本文依托于防砂工具正反循环砾石沉积装置,通过模拟不同倾角、不同砂比等条件下混砂液在充填工具中的流动情况,监测混砂液在防砂工具内复杂结构的沉积形态与沉积量,分析规律优化管柱结构,为解决管内沉积造成上提管柱困难提供思路。

Ni-金刚石复合涂层的厚膜化及其耐磨性研究

目的采用电化学沉积的方法在硬质合金基体上制备厚Ni-金刚石复合涂层。方法通过引入中间复合层,改善了涂层的结合强度,并提高了其厚度。通过热震实验结合摩擦磨损实验考察加厚涂层的膜基结合强度、磨削性能。结果从涂层的截面、微观形貌、表面裂纹分布以及金刚石微粒与基质金属间的结合状态分析可知,普通涂层的厚度在30μm左右,多层结构涂层的厚度在50μm左右,厚度提高了将近一倍。热震5次后,两类涂层表面均无裂纹产生。热震20次后,两类涂层中均出现了微裂纹。热震25次后,普通涂层的裂纹宽度变大,多层结构涂层的裂纹只出现在次表层,表层无裂纹。对GCr15磨削2500 m后,普通涂层中金刚石微粒与基质金属间隙增大,附近Ni层破裂;多层结构涂层中金刚石微粒与基质金属间隙仍然很小,只出现一些断续小裂纹,附近Ni层未受影响。多层结构涂层对应的材料偶件的磨损率比普通涂层高。结论采用多层结构设计的方法降低了Ni-金刚石复合涂层的内应力,实现了涂层的加厚沉积。加厚沉积的Ni-金刚石复合涂层界面结合强度并没有降低,且上砂量更加均匀致密,磨削性能更优。

TDDB improvement by optimized processes on metal-insulator-silicon capacitors with atomic layer deposition of Al_2O_3 and multi layers of TiN film structure

A metal-insulator-silicon （MIS） capacitor with hemi-spherical grained poly atomic layer deposition （ALD） deposited Al2O3 and multi-layered chemical vapor deposition （CVD） TiN structure is fabricated. The impact of the deposition process and post treatment condition on the MIS capacitor＇s time-dependent dielectric breakdown （TDDB） performance is also studied. With an optimized process, it is confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis that the Al（CH3）3/O3-based ALD Al2O3 dielectric film is carbon free and the hydrogen content is as low as 9 × 1019 cm-3. The top electrode TiN is obtained by multi-layered TiCl4/NH3 CVD deposited TiN followed by 120 s post NH3 treatment after each layer. This has higher diffusion barrier in preventing impurity diffusion through TiN into the Al2O3 dielectric due to its smaller grain size. As shown in energy dispersive X-ray analysis, there is no chlorine residue in the MIS capacitor structure. The leakage current of the capacitor is lower than 1 × 10-12 A/cm2. No early failures under stress conditions are found in its TDDB test. The novel MIS capacitor is proven to have excellent reliability for advanced DRAM technology.

Effect of Au film pre-deposited at different durations as inner electrode on the electrical properties and interface microstructures of Na_2O-PbO-Nb_2O_5-SiO_2 multi-layer glass-ceramic capacitors

To further study the effect of sputtered Au film as transition electrode layer on the electrical properties and interface microstructures of Na20-PbO-Nb2O5-SiO2 multilayer glass-ceramic capacitors, Au films pre-deposited at different time were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Compared with the single paste electrode structure, samples with Au films pre-deposited from 6 to 18 min have the consistent perfor- mance to effectively improve the electrical properties of the capacitors, resulting in the doubled breakdown strength, an increase of equivalent capacitance by 22% and a decrease of leakage current by an order of magnitude. SEM observations indicate that the Au films with deposition time from 6 to 18 min would all help the formation of a dense electrode/dielectric interface and inhibit the diffusion of Ag. The results reveal that Au film pre-deposited for 6 min as inner electrode was sufficient to improve the interface microstructure and therefore to inhibit the Ag diffusion and enhance the overall performance of the multi-layer glass-ceramic capacitors.

Influence of atomic layer deposition Al_2O_3 nano-layer on the surface passivation of silicon solar cells

A stack of Al2O3/SiNx dual layer was applied for the back side surface passivation of p-type multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, with laser-opened line metal contacts, forming a local aluminum back surface field （local Al-BSF） structure. A slight amount of Al2O3, wrapping around to the front side of the wafer during the thermal atomic layer deposition process, was found to have a negative influence on cell performance. The different process flow was found to lead to a different cell performance, because of the Al2O3 wrapping around the front surface. The best cell performance, with an absolute efficiency gain of about 0.6% compared with the normal full Al-BSF structure solar cell, was achieved when the Al2O3 layer was deposited after the front surface of the wafer had been covered by a SiNx layer. We discuss the possible reasons for this phenomenon, and propose three explanations as the Ag paste, being hindered from firing through the front passivation layer, degraded the SiNx passivation effect and the Al2O3 induced an inversion effect on the front surface. Characterization methods like internal quantum efficiency and contact resistance scanning were used to assist our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

一种新型的缓倾斜多层矿体采矿技术

针对传统缓倾斜多层矿体的采矿方法 ,如全面法、中深孔落矿下盘漏斗法和爆力运搬法等 ,生产能力小、劳动强度大、安全性差、成本高等缺点 ,从云南锡业公司松树脚锡矿“大马芦”矿段的实际开采技术条件出发 ,提出了一种新型颇有特色的缓倾斜多层矿体的采矿方法———深孔合采井下矿废分离连续采矿法。它采用大直径深孔合采矿岩、井下矿岩集中分离、连续采矿等技术 ,变革了传统的分采工艺 ,有效地克服了传统采矿方法的弊端 ,为缓倾斜多层矿体的高效、低耗和安全开采提供了新的技术方案。