Improved gray-scale (IGS) quantization is a known method for re-quantizing digital gray-scale images for data compression while producing halftones by adding a level of randomness to improve visual quality of the resu...Improved gray-scale (IGS) quantization is a known method for re-quantizing digital gray-scale images for data compression while producing halftones by adding a level of randomness to improve visual quality of the resultant images. In this paper, first, analyzing the IGS quantizing operations reveals the capability of conserving a DC signal level of a source image through the quantization. Then, a complete procedure for producing a multi-level halftone image by IGS quantization that can achieve the DC conservation is presented. Also, the procedure uses the scanning of source pixels in an order such that geometric patterns can be prevented from occurring in the resulting halftone image. Next, the performance of the multi-level IGS halftoning is evaluated by experiments conducted on 8-bit gray-scale test images in comparison with the halftoning by error diffusion. The experimental result demonstrates that a signal level to be quantized in the IGS halftoning varies more randomly than that in the error diffusion halftoning, but not entirely randomly. Also, visual quality of the resulting halftone images was measured by subjective evaluations of viewers. The result indicates that for 3 or more-bit, in other words, 8 or more-level halftones, the IGS halftoning achieves image quality comparable to that by the error diffusion.展开更多
We propose a characteristic finite element evolutionary type convection-diffusion optimal control discretization of problems. Non- divergence-free velocity fields and bilateral inequality control constraints are handl...We propose a characteristic finite element evolutionary type convection-diffusion optimal control discretization of problems. Non- divergence-free velocity fields and bilateral inequality control constraints are handled. Then some residual type a posteriori error estimates are analyzed for the approximations of the control, the state, and the adjoint state. Based on the derived error estimators, we use them as error indicators in developing efficient multi-set adaptive meshes characteristic finite element algorithm for such optimal control problems. Finally, one numerical example is given to check the feasibility and validity of multi-set adaptive meshes refinements.展开更多
目的为了解决传统多尺度误差扩散半色调算法会导致半色调结果图像阶调变暗和边缘模糊的问题,提出一种顾及边缘信息的多尺度误差扩散半色调算法。方法根据当前像素邻域内像素点的处理状态,设计动态非时序误差扩散滤波器;利用图像局部平...目的为了解决传统多尺度误差扩散半色调算法会导致半色调结果图像阶调变暗和边缘模糊的问题,提出一种顾及边缘信息的多尺度误差扩散半色调算法。方法根据当前像素邻域内像素点的处理状态,设计动态非时序误差扩散滤波器;利用图像局部平均灰度与空间变化率提取图像边缘信息,结合图像边缘信息与灰度信息确定半色调处理顺序。结果半色调处理结果视觉效果均匀,阶调信息和边缘结构信息与原图像一致性良好,峰值信噪比、加权信噪比和结构相似度分别提高了0.7～1.2 d B,0.9～1.5 d B,0.11～0.18。结论该算法解决了多尺度误差扩散算法的图像阶调变暗和边缘模糊的问题,有效提高了半色调输出质量。展开更多
文摘Improved gray-scale (IGS) quantization is a known method for re-quantizing digital gray-scale images for data compression while producing halftones by adding a level of randomness to improve visual quality of the resultant images. In this paper, first, analyzing the IGS quantizing operations reveals the capability of conserving a DC signal level of a source image through the quantization. Then, a complete procedure for producing a multi-level halftone image by IGS quantization that can achieve the DC conservation is presented. Also, the procedure uses the scanning of source pixels in an order such that geometric patterns can be prevented from occurring in the resulting halftone image. Next, the performance of the multi-level IGS halftoning is evaluated by experiments conducted on 8-bit gray-scale test images in comparison with the halftoning by error diffusion. The experimental result demonstrates that a signal level to be quantized in the IGS halftoning varies more randomly than that in the error diffusion halftoning, but not entirely randomly. Also, visual quality of the resulting halftone images was measured by subjective evaluations of viewers. The result indicates that for 3 or more-bit, in other words, 8 or more-level halftones, the IGS halftoning achieves image quality comparable to that by the error diffusion.
基金The authors would like to thank tile anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this paper. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11201485, 11171190, 11301311）, the Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province （No. BS2013NJ001）, and tile Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （Nos. 14CX02217A, 14CX02144A）.
文摘We propose a characteristic finite element evolutionary type convection-diffusion optimal control discretization of problems. Non- divergence-free velocity fields and bilateral inequality control constraints are handled. Then some residual type a posteriori error estimates are analyzed for the approximations of the control, the state, and the adjoint state. Based on the derived error estimators, we use them as error indicators in developing efficient multi-set adaptive meshes characteristic finite element algorithm for such optimal control problems. Finally, one numerical example is given to check the feasibility and validity of multi-set adaptive meshes refinements.
文摘目的为了解决传统多尺度误差扩散半色调算法会导致半色调结果图像阶调变暗和边缘模糊的问题,提出一种顾及边缘信息的多尺度误差扩散半色调算法。方法根据当前像素邻域内像素点的处理状态,设计动态非时序误差扩散滤波器;利用图像局部平均灰度与空间变化率提取图像边缘信息,结合图像边缘信息与灰度信息确定半色调处理顺序。结果半色调处理结果视觉效果均匀,阶调信息和边缘结构信息与原图像一致性良好,峰值信噪比、加权信噪比和结构相似度分别提高了0.7～1.2 d B,0.9～1.5 d B,0.11～0.18。结论该算法解决了多尺度误差扩散算法的图像阶调变暗和边缘模糊的问题,有效提高了半色调输出质量。
