Research on typical operating conditions of hydrogen production system with off-grid wind power considering the characteristics of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell

Hydrogen energy,with its abundant reserves,green and low-carbon characteristic,high energy density,diverse sources,and wide applications,is gradually becoming an important carrier in the global energy transformation and development.In this paper,the off-grid wind power hydrogen production system is considered as the research object,and the operating characteristics of a proton exchange membrane(PEM)electrolysis cell,including underload,overload,variable load,and start-stop are analyzed.On this basis,the characteristic extraction of wind power output data after noise reduction is carried out,and then the self-organizing mapping neural network algorithm is used for clustering to extract typical wind power output scenarios and perform weight distribution based on the statistical probability.The trend and fluctuation components are superimposed to generate the typical operating conditions of an off-grid PEM electrolytic hydrogen production system.The historical output data of an actual wind farm are used for the case study,and the results confirm the feasibility of the method proposed in this study for obtaining the typical conditions of off-grid wind power hydrogen production.The results provide a basis for studying the dynamic operation characteristics of PEM electrolytic hydrogen production systems,and the performance degradation mechanism of PEM electrolysis cells under fluctuating inputs.

National Protection Zone for Rapeseed Production and Industrial Cluster of Rape in Hubei Province

Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products of rapeseed in Hubei Province also ranks first as that in Hunan Province.This paper studied the winter rape industry,the important agricultural product production protection zone of rapeseed,the provincial double-low high-quality rape protection zone and the industrial cluster of rape in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province,and analyzed the main problems existing in the development of rapeseed production protection zone and industrial cluster of rape.Finally,it came up with strategies including promoting national rape varieties,overcoming the problem of rape"agricultural chip",promoting the"rice+rape"rotation model,and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of brand marks.

Mathematical Equations for Reducing Water Pollution Problems among Poultry Production Clusters in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Poultry production clusters (PPC) in Nong Khai raise layer chickens in the poultry houses constructed over fish ponds. Layer farmers use chicken manure to feed their fish. However, unbalance between chicken raising and the size of fish pond or number of fish results in low water quality, which affects fish production and the community’s public water resource. In this field study, data was collected from layer farms in three poultry production clusters in Nong Khai province in the northeast of Thailand (a total of 90 farms) between April and August 2013. Data collected consisted of observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) values of water in the fish ponds, the number of egg-laying chickens raised above the fish ponds, the number of fish and size of the fish ponds. When all of these four observations were analyzed, mathematical equations for calculating the number of chickens raised, the number of fish per one rai (1600 m2), and the size of pond suitable for the number of chickens and fish were obtained as follows: 1) number of fish/rai = 5796 + 1097(size of pond) (R2 = 0.71), 2) number of chicken/rai = 513 + 223(size of pond) (R2 = 0.48) and 3) size of pond =-0.328474 + 0.000262(Fish) + 0.00117(Chicken) (R2 = 0.40). When pond = desired pond size, fish = number of fish to be raised and chicken = number of chickens to be raised.

Indicators to the Consumption of Electric Energy and Agriculture Cattle Farming Production for the Elaboration of Clusters with Cities of the State of S^o Paulo, Brazil

The issue in this matter is that rules for use of electricity in rural areas are limited to the provision of inputs. Adopting guidelines to consider managed sub regions can generate poor results. The focus of this study was to present parameters for indicators of electric energy and agricultural production to allow the formation of city groups in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, with similar electric energy consumption and rural agricultural production. The methodology was the development of indicators that characterize the electric energy consumption/agricultural production and the preparation of groups using indicators with ward of statistical method of groups. The main conclusions were the formation of six homogeneous groups with similar characteristics regarding agricultural production/consumption of electricity. The application of these groups in cities with similar characteristics would produce more satisfactory results than the division of administrative Rural Development Offices （RDO）.

Form Gene Clustering Method about Pan-Ethnic-Group Products Based on Emotional Semantic

The use of pan-ethnic-group products form knowledge primarily depends on a designer＇s subjective experience without user participation. The majority of studies primarily focus on the detection of the perceptual demands of consumers from the target product category. A pan-ethnic-group products form gene clustering method based on emotional semantic is constructed. Consumers＇ perceptual images of the pan-ethnic-group products are obtained by means of product form gene extraction and coding and computer aided product form clustering technology. A case of form gene clustering about the typical pan-ethnic-group products is investigated which indicates that the method is feasible. This paper opens up a new direction for the future development of product form design which improves the agility of product design process in the era of Industry 4.0.

Tuning precise numbers of supported nickel clusters on graphdiyne for efficient CO_(2)electroreduction toward various multi-carbon products

Compared to single-atom catalysts,supported metal clusters can exhibit enhanced activity and designated selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique geometric and electronic features.Herein,by means of comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) computations,we systematically investigated the potential of several Ni clusters supported on graphdiyne (Ni_(x)/GDY,x=1–6) for CO_(2) reduction reaction (CO_(2)RR).Our results revealed that,due to the strong interaction between Ni atoms and sp-hybridized C atoms,these supported Ni clusters on GDY exhibit high stabilities and excellent electronic properties.In particular,according to the computed free energy profiles for CO_(2)RR on these Ni_(x)/GDY systems,the anchored Ni_(4) cluster was revealed to exhibit high CO_(2)RR catalytic activity with a small limiting potential and moderate kinetic barrier for C–C coupling,and CH_(4),C_(2)H_(5)OH,and C_(3)H_(7)OH were identified as the main products,which can be attributed to its strong capacity for CO_(2) activation due to its unique configuration and excellent electronic properties.Thus,by carefully controlling the precise numbers of atoms in sub-nano clusters,the spatially confined Ni clusters can perform as promising CO_(2)RR catalysts with high-efficiency and high-selectivity,which may provide a useful guidance to further develop novel and low-cost metal clusters-based catalysts for sustain CO_(2)conversion to valuable chemicals and fuels.

Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine promotes lipid uptake of macrophage via cluster of differentiation 36 and receptor for advanced glycation end products

BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are diabetic metabolic toxic products that cannot be ignored.Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML),a component of AGEs,could increase macrophage lipid uptake,promote foam cell formation,and thereby accelerate atherosclerosis.The receptor for AGEs(RAGE)and cluster of differentiation 36(CD36)were the receptors of CML.However,it is still unknown whether RAGE and CD36 play key roles in CML-promoted lipid uptake.AIM Our study aimed to explore the role of RAGE and CD36 in CML-induced macrophage lipid uptake.METHODS In this study,we examined the effect of CML on lipid uptake by Raw264.7 macrophages.After adding 10 mmol/L CML,the lipid accumulation in macrophages was confirmed by oil red O staining.Expression changes of CD36 and RAGE were detected with immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The interaction between CML with CD36 and RAGE was verified by immunoprecipitation.We synthesized a novel N-succinimidyl-4-18Ffluorobenzoate-CML radioactive probe.Radioactive receptor-ligand binding assays were performed to test the binding affinity between CML with CD36 and RAGE.The effects of blocking CD36 or RAGE on CML-promoting lipid uptake were also detected.RESULTS The study revealed that CML significantly promoted lipid uptake by macrophages.Immunoprecipitation and radioactive receptor-ligand binding assays indicated that CML could specifically bind to both CD36 and RAGE.CML had a higher affinity for CD36 than RAGE.ARG82,ASN71,and THR70 were the potential interacting amino acids that CD36 binds to CML Anti-CD36 and anti-RAGE could block the uptake of CML by macrophages.The lipid uptake promotion effect of CML was significantly attenuated after blocking CD36 or RAGE.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the binding of CML with CD36 and RAGE promotes macrophage lipid uptake.

Constructing Product Ontologies with an Improved Conceptual Clustering Algorithm

In a distributed eMarketplace, recommended product ontologies are required for trading between buyers and sellers. Conceptual clustering can be employed to build dynamic recommended product ontologies. Traditional methods of conceptual clustering (e.g. COBWEB or Cluster/2) do not take heterogeneous attributes of a concept into account. Moreover, the result of these methods is clusters other than recommended concepts. A center recommendation clustering algorithm is provided. According to the values of heterogeneous attributes, recommended product names can be selected at the clusters, which are produced by this algorithm. This algorithm can also create the hierarchical relations between product names. The definitions of product names given by all participants are collected in a distributed eMarketplace. Recommended product ontologies are built. These ontologies include relations and definitions of product names, which come from different participants in the distributed eMarketplace. Finally a case is given to illustrate this method. The result shows that this method is feasible.

A bottom-up method for module-based product platform development through mapping,clustering and matching analysis

Designing product platform could be an effective and efficient solution for manufacturing firms. Product platforms enable firms to provide increased product variety for the marketplace with as little variety between products as possible. Developed consumer products and modules within a firm can further be investigated to find out the possibility of product platform creation. A bottom-up method is proposed for module-based product platform through mapping, clustering and matching analysis. The framework and the parametric model of the method are presented, which consist of three steps:(1) mapping parameters from existing product families to functional modules,(2) clustering the modules within existing module families based on their parameters so as to generate module clusters, and selecting the satisfactory module clusters based on commonality, and(3) matching the parameters of the module clusters to the functional modules in order to capture platform elements. In addition, the parameter matching criterion and mismatching treatment are put forward to ensure the effectiveness of the platform process, while standardization and serialization of the platform element are presented. A design case of the belt conveyor is studied to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Competitiveness Analysis of Processing Industry Cluster of Livestock Products in Inner Mongolia Based on "Diamond Model"

Using Michael Porter's "diamond model", based on regional development characteristics, we conduct analysis of the competitiveness of processing industry cluster of livestock products in Inner Mongolia from six aspects (the factor conditions, demand conditions, corporate strategy, structure and competition, related and supporting industries, government and opportunities). And we put forward the following rational recommendations for improving the competitiveness of processing industry cluster of livestock products in Inner Mongolia: (i) The government should increase capital input, focus on supporting processing industry of livestock products, and give play to the guidance and aggregation effect of financial funds; (ii) In terms of enterprises, it is necessary to vigorously develop leading enterprises, to give full play to the cluster effect of the leading enterprises.

Cluster乘积图的点PI和Szeged指标

连通图G的点PI和Szeged指标分别定义为PIv(G)=∑e=uv∈E(G)[nu(e G)+nv(e G)]和Sz(G)=∑e=uv∈E(G)nu(e G)nv(e G),其中nu(e G)表示图G中到点u的距离小于到点v的距离的点的个数,nv(e G)表示图G中到点v的距离小于到点u的距离的点的个数.设G{H}和GoH分别表示两个图G和H的cluster乘积和corona乘积.利用因子图的相关拓扑指标分别给出计算G{H}和GoH的点PI和Szeged指标的精确表达式.

Operation Mechanism of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives from the Point of Low-Carbon Agricultural Products

We firstly take a look at internal logic of cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.In combination with operation features of farmers' professional cooperatives and actual requirements for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products;we elaborate establishing benefit allocation mechanism,bearing education and training functions,forming low-carbon value,building low-carbon identification system,as well as realizing low-carbon value.According to these situations,we systematically analyze operation mechanism of farmers' professional cooperatives suitable for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.To promote cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products,we put forward following suggestions,including government guidance and encouragement,social acceptance and active cooperation,and integration into global low-carbon development system to share benefit of low-carbon development.

Odd-membered cyclic hetero-polyoxotitanate nanoclusters with high stability and photocatalytic H_(2) evolution activity

We investigated the hydrolysis of TiⅣ along with naturally abundant AlⅢ ions and reported the formation of a stable and semiconducting nanocluster. Interestingly, this compound exhibits an unusual odd-membered ring structure and also represents the largest Al-containing polyoxotitanium cluster(PTC) observed thus far. The presence of a shell of organic ligands as well as the incorporation of hetero-AlⅢ ions endowed the nanocluster with high air, thermal, and pH stabilities. The present compound exhibited a record photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of 402.88 μmol g–1 h–1 among PTC materials. This work not only paves the way towards stable PTC materials but also provides new insights into the design of novel photocatalysts.

A Modified Genetic Algorithm for Product Family Optimization with Platform Specified by Information Theoretical Approach

Many existing product family design methods assume a given platform, However, it is not an in-tuitive task to select the platform and unique variable within a product family. Meanwhile, most approaches are single-platform methods, in which design variables are either shared across all product variants or not at all. While in multiple-platform design, platform variables can have special value with regard to a subset of product variants within the product family, and offer opportunities for superior overall design. An information theoretical approach incorporating fuzzy clustering and Shannon's entropy was proposed for platform variables selection in multiple-platform product family. A 2-level chromosome genetic algorithm (2LCGA) was proposed and developed for optimizing the corresponding product family in a single stage, simultaneously determining the optimal settings for the product platform and unique variables. The single-stage approach can yield im-provements in the overall performance of the product family compared with two-stage approaches, in which the first stage involves determining the best settings for the platform and values of unique variables are found for each product in the second stage. An example of design of a family of universal motors was used to verify the proposed method.

Presentation of a multi-index clustering technique for the mathematical programming of block-cave scheduling

Long-term planning is one of the most important stages that determines the distribution of cash flows over the mine life and the feasibility of the project. However, it is not feasible in block caving to generate a production schedule that will provide optimal operating strategies without considering geotechnical constraints. This paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP) model to optimize the extraction sequence of drawpoints over multiple time horizons of block-cave mines with respect to the draw control systems. A multi-similarity index clustering technique to solve the MILP model in a reasonable time is also presented. Application and comparison of production scheduling based on the draw control system and clustering technique are illustrated using 325 drawpoints over 15 periods. The results show a significant reduction in the size of the MILP model, and in the time required to solve it.

System Analysis of New Product Family Development Selection

This paper presents a new approach to the selection of new product family development. First,the factors are discussed that contribute to the new product family development. Due to the vagueness and uncertain existing in the factors,the fuzzy continue-semantic scale is introduced. Then,the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used in weighting the importance of the factors. Next,the fuzzy clustering method is applied to the selection of new product family developments. Lostly,one case is provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

A New Estimator Using Auxiliary Information in Stratified Adaptive Cluster Sampling

In this paper, we study the estimators of the population mean in stratified adaptive cluster sampling by using the information of the auxiliary variable. Simulations showed that if the variable of interest (y) and the auxiliary variables (x,z) have high positive correlation then the estimate of the mean square error of the ratio estimators is less than the estimate of the mean square error of the product estimator. The estimators which use only one auxiliary variable were better than the estimators which use two auxiliary variables.

传统产业集群基于工业互联网平台的数字化转型路径研究——以广东为例

产业集群对经济发展具有强大的支撑作用,但传统产业集群数字化转型面临转型动力不足、数字化联结松散、供应链韧性不足的窘境。广东省拥有扎实的工业互联网基础,传统产业集群通过工业互联网平台加快数字化转型步伐,但鲜有文献深入研究其转型的路径。本文基于种群生态理论和平台二重观,结合广东省传统产业集群转型升级典型案例展开研究发现,组织生态系统要素、组织生态系统类型、平台二重性的不同会孕育出不同的数字化转型升级路径。据此,本文总结出中立平台凝聚型、标杆企业影响型、龙头企业拉动型这三条数字化转型路径,以期为传统产业集群数字化转型发展提供切实可行的建议。

宁夏盐碱地饲用小黑麦品种(系)生产性能及营养品质综合评价

【目的】筛选适合宁夏盐碱地种植的优质高产小黑麦(Triticosecale wittmack)品种(系)。【方法】2021年在宁夏石嘴山市惠农区开展晋饲草1号、冀饲草1号、鉴47、鉴46、优能、普瑞、冀饲3号、石大1号、中饲1048和甘农2号共10个品种(系)小黑麦的适应性研究,并利用主成分分析(PCA)对其农艺性状、生产性能及营养成分等指标进行综合评价。【结果】所有供试饲用小黑麦品种(系)均能在宁夏盐碱地安全越冬并完成生育期。晋饲草1号株高、分蘖数和干草产量最突出,分别达131.11 cm、4.40个和9.34 t/hm 2;冀饲3号和晋饲草1号粗蛋白含量较高,分别为9.95%和9.86%;冀饲3号的相对饲喂价值最高,为94.25。聚类分析结果表明,10个饲用小黑麦品种(系)可以分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为普瑞和优能,第Ⅱ类群为甘农2号、中饲1048和鉴47,第Ⅲ类群为晋饲草1号、冀饲3号、冀饲草1号、鉴46和石大1号。主成分分析结果显示,综合得分排名前三的小黑麦品种(系)为冀饲3号、晋饲草1号和石大1号。【结论】冀饲3号、晋饲草1号和石大1号均可在宁夏盐碱地大面积推广种植。

基于因子分析法与聚类分析法的河南省农产品物流发展水平研究

2023年中央一号文件提出“坚持不懈地把解决好‘三农’问题作为全党工作重中之重,举全党全社会之力全面推进乡村振兴,加快农业农村现代化”,推动农业发展,助力乡村振兴是我国的重点工作。为了研究河南省农产品物流情况,助力农业发展,以河南省的18个省辖市为研究样本,借助SPSS.23软件进行因子分析,以评价各市农产品物流不同的发展水平。利用聚类分析,按照农产品物流发展水平的综合得分将河南省的18个省辖市分为4类,最后有针对性的提出相关建议以推进各地区农产品物流高效发展。