Multidrug resistant organism infections in patients with COVID-19:risk factors and outcomes

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has now spread to most countries and regions of the world.Risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)infections in patients with COVID-19 have not been well studied yet.In the present study,we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the MDRO infections and their impact on in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted between December 2019 and April 2020 at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan,China.Data of cases were collected through electronic medical records system.This study was focused on cases with bacterial culture records.Risk factors and outcomes associated with MDRO infections were analyzed using logistic regression model.Results:Of the 2891 patients,370 patients have bacterial culture results,and MDROs were isolated in 38 patients.Respiratory tract infections(67.3%)were the most common hospital acquired infections.Variables independently associated with MDRO infections were dyspnea at admission(odds ratio(OR)4.74;95%confidence interval(CI)2.06-10.88;P<0.001),intensive care unit(ICU)admission(OR 5.02;95%CI 1.99-12.63;P<0.01),and invasive mechanical ventilation(OR 5.13;95%CI 2.15-12.27;P<0.001),adjusted for age and gender.MDROs infection was also a significant risk factor of death for the patients,adjusted for age,gender,severity of illness,ICU admission and mechanical ventilation(OR 1.12,95%CI:0.43-2.96,P=0.817).Conclusion:In our study,dyspnea at admission,ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with the presence of MDRO infections,and clinicians should be alert in MDRO infections in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

Analysis of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Surveillance and Antimicrobial Resistance Early Warning in a Hospital in 2022

Objective:To determine the clinical distribution of multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)in Jiangyan Hospital and the monitoring and warning of drug-resistance bacteria to provide an important basis for guiding the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics in clinical treatment and reducing the occurrence of nosocomial infection.Methods:Retrospective screening and analysis were conducted on the pathogenic strains of hospitalized patients in our hospital in 2022.Results:A total of 2,769 strains of pathogenic bacteria and 390 strains of MDRO were detected and isolated in our hospital in 2022;the detection rate of MDRO was 14.08%.A total of 516 strains(18.64%)Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)and 62 strains(12.02%)of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-KP)were detected;436 strains(15.75%)of Escherichia coli(ECO)were detected,including 8 strains(1.83%)of CR-ECO;342 strains(12.35%)of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)and 116 strains(33.92%)of CR-PA were detected;there were 194 strains(7.01%)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB),among which 125 strains(64.43%)were CR-AB;there were 291 strains(10.51%)of Staphylococcus aureus,among which 79 strains(27.15%)of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were detected;78 strains(2.82%)of Enterococcus faecalis were detected,and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus(VRE)was not detected.The first five MDROs were CR-AB,CR-PA,MRSA,CR-KP,and CR-ECO.The top five departments with the highest MDRO detection rate in 2022 were the ICU(37.44%),the Pulmonology Department(ward 13;31.03%),the Department of Rehabilitation(ward 5;6.67%),the Department of Neurosurgery(ward 11;4.62%),and the Department of General Surgery(ward 10;3.59 The resistance rate of antibacterial drugs is divided into four levels for early warning:30%to 40%,41%to 50%,51%to 75%,and 75%or more.Conclusion:Our hospital should strengthen the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance warning related to MDRO and the abuse of antimicrobial drugs.Based on the results of drug sensitivity and antimicrobial resistance warning,the use of antibiotics should be standardized in clinical practice to reduce nosocomial infection。

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections after liver transplantation: An ever-growing challenge

Bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant recipients.Over the last two decades,various multidrug-resistant(MDR)pathogens have emerged as relevant causes of infection in this population.Although this fact reflects the spread of MDR pathogens in health care facilities worldwide,several factors relating to the care of transplant donor candidates and recipients render these patients particularly prone to the acquisition of MDR bacteria and increase the likelihood of MDR infectious outbreaks in transplant units.The awareness of this high vulnerability of transplant recipients to infection leads to the more frequent use of broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy,which further contributes to the selection of drug resistance.This vicious cycle is difficult to avoid and leads to a scenario of increased complexity and narrowed therapeutic options.Infection by MDR pathogens is more frequently associated with a failure to start appropriate empiric antimicrobial ther-apy.The lack of appropriate treatment may contribute to the high mortality occurring in transplant recipients with MDR infections.Furthermore,high therapeutic failure rates have been observed in patients infected with extensively-resistant pathogens,such as carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae,for which optimal treatment remains undefined.In such a context,the careful implementation of preventive strategies is of utmost importance to minimize the negative impact that MDR infections may have on the outcome of liver transplant recipients.This article reviews the current literature regarding the incidence and outcome of MDR infections in liver transplant recipients,and summarizes current preventive and therapeutic recommendations.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Musa sp.leaf extracts against multidrug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection

Objective:To investigate different Musa sp.leave extracts of hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infection by agar well diffusion method and also antioxidant activities.Methods:The four different Musa species leaves were extracted with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol.Antibacterial susceptibility test,minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum inhibitory bacterial concentration were determined by agar well diffusion method.Total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.Results:All the Musa sp.extracts showed moderate antibacterial activities expect Musa paradisiaca with the inhibition zone ranging from 8.0 to 18.6 mm.Among four species ethyl acetate extracts of Musa paradisiaca showed highest activity against tested pathogens particularly E.coli,P.aeruginosa and Citrobacter sp.The minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the value of 15.63-250μg/ml.and minimum bactericidal concentrations were ranging from 31.25-250μg/mL.Antioxidant activity of Musa acuminate exhibited maximum activity among other three Musa species.Conclusions:The present study concluded that among the different Musa species,Musa paradisiaca displayed efficient antibacterial activity followed by Musa acuminata against multidrug resistant nosocomial infection causing pathogens.Further,an extensive study is needed to identify the bioactive compounds,mode of action and toxic effect in.vivo of Musa sp.

Multi-Drug Resistance Pattern of Lactose Non-Fermenting <i>Escherichia coli</i>as Causative Agent of Urine Tract Infections in Luanda, Angola

This prospective study was carried out to assess the sensitivity and resistance pattern of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli from July 2018 to December 2018 in the Laboratory of Microbiology at Luanda Medical Center, Angola. Out of 1170 patient, a total of 120 urine specimens infected with Escherichia coli (>105 CFU/ml) were collected according to the routine protocol of urinalysis. Among these 120 isolates, 25 (21%) isolates were determined as “atypical”, lactose non-fermenting E. colis trains. The twenty-five lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples in Luanda Medical Center were declared as Multiple Drugs-Resistant strains with high resistance to Cefalexine (100%), Cefuroxime (100%), Ceftriaxone (92%), Gentamycin (92%), Ciprofloxacin (72%) and Amoxiciclin/Clavulanic (80%). The alarming resistance level to the first-choice drugs for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by non-fermentative lactose E. coli was observed.

Analysis of Influencing Factors and Predictive Models of Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Infection in Severe Patients

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with severe disease and establish a predictive model.Methods:207 infected patients in our hospital from 2018 to May 2020 were selected for the study,of which 73 carried drug-resistant bacteria.Results:The risk factor network of people infected with multidrug resistant bacteria is higher than that of people infected with non-multidrug resistant bacteria,and the interaction between risk factors of the former is stronger.Conclusion:Antibiotics must be used appropriately after surgery.When the elderly was abnormal in indicators such as fever and procalcitonin in the ward,they should be considered as high-risk groups of MDRO infection.They need special care and preventive measures.

The Increased Frequency of Carbapenem Resistant Non Fermenting Gram Negative Pathogens as Causes of Health Care Associated Infections in Adult Cancer Patients

Background and Aim: Multi drug resistant Non fermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) have emerged as a major cause of health-care associated infections especially in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of NFGNB as a cause of health-care associated infections (HAI) in cancer patients and determine their resistance pattern. Patients and Methods: During the study period, 158 NFGNB isolates were collected. Microscan Walk Away 9 was used for identification and testing for the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) was done by Imipenem-EDTA combined disk synergy test (CDST-IPM). Results: NFGNB represented 29.0% of infections caused by gram negative organisms. Carbapenem resistance, the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype, and MBL production were documented in 70%, 63%, and 59% of NFGNB isolates, respectively. MDR-NFGNB rates were significantly higher among hospitalized patients, medical department and those with longer duration of hospital stay (p = 0.034, 0.026, 0.019;respectively) than non MDR-NFGNB. Conclusion: A high level of carbapenem and multi-drug resistance were detected among the non-fermenter pathogens isolated from hospitalized cases and were more frequently encountered in high risk adult cancer patients requiring longer duration of hospitalization. The MDR-NFGNB are constituting important causes of health-care associated infections in cancer patients.

Epidemiology and Clonal Spread Evidence of Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms in the Center of Care and Protection of Orphaned Children, Vietnam

Objective: To determine the prevalence of colonization and transmission of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms in order to develop of an effective infection prevention program. Design: Cross-sectional study with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) colonization detection from the fecal specimens of 20 Health Care Workers (HCWs) and 67 residents and 175 random environment specimens from September 2022 to September 2023. Setting: A Care and Protection Centre of Orphaned Children in South of HCM City. Participants: It included 20 HCWs, 67 residents, and 175 randomly collected environmental specimens. Method: Rectal and environmental swabs were collected from 20 HCWs, 67 residents (most of them were children), and 175 environmental specimens. MELAB Chromogenic CARBA agar plates, Card NID, and NMIC-500 CPO of the BD Phoenix TM Automated Microbiology System and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were the tests to screen, confirm CROs, respectively and determine CRO colonization and transmission between HCWs, residents, and the environment. Result: We detected 36 CRO isolates, including 6, 11 and 19 CROs found in 6 HCWs, 10 residents and 19 environments. The prevalence of detectable CRO was 30% (6/20) in HCWs, 14.92% (10/67) in residents, and 10.86% (19/175) in environmental swabs in our study. WGS demonstrated CRO colonization and transmission with the clonal spread of E. coli and A. nosocomialis, among HCWs and residents (children). Conclusion: Significant CRO colonization and transmission was evident in HCWs, residents, and the center environment. Cleaning and disinfection of the environment and performing regular hand hygiene are priorities to reduce the risk of CRO colonization and transmission.

Management of bacterial and fungal infections in end stage liver disease and liver transplantation: Current options and future directions

Patients with liver cirrhosis are susceptible to infections due to various mechanisms, including abnormalities of humoral and cell-mediated immunity and occurrence of bacterial translocation from the intestine. Bacterial infections are common and represent a reason for progression to liver failure and increased mortality. Fungal infections, mainly caused by Candida spp., are often associated to delayed diagnosis and high mortality rates. High level of suspicion along with prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections are warranted. Bacterial and fungal infections negatively affect the outcomes of liver transplant candidates and recipients, causing disease progression among patients on the waiting list and increasing mortality, especially in the early posttransplant period. Abdominal, biliary tract, and bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria [e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa)] and Staphylococcus spp. are commonly encountered in liver transplant recipients. Due to frequent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, invasive procedures, and prolonged hospitalizations, these patients are especially at risk of developing infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. The increase in antimicrobial resistance hampers the choice of an adequate empiric therapy and warrants the knowledge of the local microbial epidemiology and the implementation of infection control measures. The main characteristics and the management of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with liver cirrhosis and liver transplant recipients are presented.

Update on Healthcare-Associated Blood Stream Infections in Febrile Neutropenic Pediatric Oncology Patients

Background: Continuous surveillance of pattern of blood stream infection is necessary in febrile neutropenia especially with the recent escalating trend in the management of pediatric cancer patients towards intensified regimens and with the increase in infections caused by resistant organisms limiting the choice of antibiotics. Aim: Monitoring if a change has occurred in pattern of blood stream infections (BSI) in febrile neutropenic (FN) pediatric cancer patients. Methods: Surveillance of FN episodes with positive BSI was prospectively monitored and compared to a previous surveillance in the same pediatric oncology unit. Results: A total of 232 BSI positive episodes were documented in 192 patients during a 6 months period. The results of recent surveillance analysis showed an increase in intensified regimens of chemotherapy, antimicrobial resistance, and prolonged duration of episodes when compared to previous surveillance, with a p value of <0.001, 0.005, and <0.001, respectively. There was an apparent decrease in the crude mortality but this was not statistically significant, 6% in 2011 and 10% in 2006. Conclusion: The pattern of BSI at our institution is still inclining towards gram positive organisms but is showing a shift towards more antibiotic resistance and prolonged episodes.

Unresolved issues in the prophylaxis of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis

Bacterial infections are highly prevalent and a frequent cause of hospitalization and short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Due to their negative impact on survival, antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in high-risk subgroups of patients with cirrhosis has been the standard of care for decades. Patients with prophylaxis indications include those at risk for a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) due to a low ascitic fluid protein count and impaired liver and kidney function, patients with a prior episode of SBP and those with an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Only prophylaxis due to gastrointestinal bleeding has a known and short-time duration. All other indications imply longlasting exposure to antibiotics-once the threshold requirement for initiating prophylaxis is met-without standardized criteria for re-assessing antibiotic interruption. Despite the fact that the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing bacterial infections episodes and mortality has been thoroughly reported, the extended use of antibiotics in patients with cirrhosis has also had negative consequences, including the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Currently, it is not clear whether restricting the use of broad and fixed antibiotic regimens, tailoring the choice of antibiotics to local bacterial epidemiology or selecting non-antibiotic strategies will be the preferred antibiotic prophylaxis strategy for patients with cirrhosis in the future.

Bacterial infections post-living-donor liver transplantation in Egyptian hepatitis C virus-cirrhotic patients: A singlecenter study

AIM To determine risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infections following living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This prospective study included 45 patients with hepatitis C virus-related end-stage liver disease who underwent LDLT at Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplant, Cairo, Egypt from January 2014 to November 2015. Patients were followed-up for the first 3 mo after LDLT for detection of bacterial infections. All patients were examined for the possible risk factors suggestive of acquiring infection pre-, intra-and post-operatively. Positive cultures based on clinical suspicion and patterns of antimicrobial resistance were identified. RESULTS Thirty-three patients(73.3%) suffered from bacterial infections; 21 of them had a single infection episode, and 12 had repeated infection episodes. Bile was the most common site for both single and repeated episodes of infection(28.6% and 27.8%, respectively). The most common isolated organisms were gramnegative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common organism isolated from both single and repeated infection episodes(19% and 33.3%, respectively), followed by Escherichia coli for repeated infections(11.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for single infections(19%). Levofloxacin showed high sensitivity against repeated infection episodes(P = 0.03). Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were multi-drug resistant(MDR). Pre-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and duration of drain insertion(in days) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes(P = 0.024).CONCLUSION MDR gram-negative bacterial infections are common post-LDLT. Pre-transplant HCC and duration of drain insertion were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes.

诊断相关分组耐药菌院内感染及经济负担分析

目的分析基于DRGs的MDRO医院感染情况与经济负担,为MDRO防控提供依据。方法回顾性分析本院2021年1月-2021年12月MDRO感染情况,将DRGs同组患者分为MDRO医院感染组和非MDRO感染组,分析2组患者住院时间及住院费用。结果2021年住院患者共入组DRGs病例73150例,发生MDRO医院感染188例,感染率为0.26%。MDRO医院感染DRGs组数占全院总DRGs组数的11.64%,下呼吸道感染位居第一位。MDRO医院感染组较非MDRO感染组住院时间延长14.5d,住院总费用增加47188.03元,医疗费、医技费、护理费、药品费、耗材费、抗菌药物费、输血费等MDRO医院感染组均高于非MDRO感染组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论由DRGs支付的患者医治数据可知易感染MDRO的患者及其所在科室和大幅增加的医治费用,相关部门适时关注DRGs支付情况,及时采取针对性措施,则可降低患者MDRO感染率和经济负担。

单元综合安全项目在呼吸科多重耐药感染防控中的应用

目的 探讨基于单元的综合安全项目在呼吸科多重耐药菌感染防控中的应用价值。方法 以某院呼吸科2019年1—12月在院患者1093例为对照组,实施常规管理方案;2020年4月—2021年4月在院患者1028例为观察组,启动单元的综合安全项目(Comprehensive unit-based safety program, CUSP)计划,将一系列循证干预措施纳入临床管理方案。比较两组患者多重耐药菌(Multi-drug Resistant Organism, MDRO)感染发生率、标本送检正确率、标本送检及时率、抗生素使用规范率、医务人员安全文化、MDRO感染患者住院日数及防控措施落实率。结果 观察组MDRO感染发生率低于对照组(χ^(2)=21.380,P<0.001),患者标本送检正确率、送检及时率及抗菌药物使用规范率高于对照组(χ^(2)=58.039,P<0.001;χ^(2)=64.590,P<0.001;χ^(2)=36.169,P<0.001),医务人员安全文化总评分高于对照组(t=-26.666,P<0.001),MDRO感染患者住院日数低于对照组(Z=-2.866,P=0.004),MDRO防控措施落实率高于对照组(χ^(2)=37.854,P<0.001;χ^(2)=21.328,P<0.001;χ^(2)=4.423,P=0.035;χ^(2)=5.985,P=0.014)。结论 在呼吸内科多重耐药菌感染防控中,开展单元的综合安全项目干预能够有效降低MDRO感染发生率,提高病房管理质量,提升病区患者安全文化,缩短MDRO感染患者住院日数及提高病区MDRO防控措施落实率。

肿瘤患者呼吸道多重耐药菌感染中医证型及易感因素研究

【目的】探讨呼吸道多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者的中医证候分布特点及易感因素。【方法】采用病例对照研究方法,以痰细菌培养阳性的250例呼吸道多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者为多耐组,以痰细菌培养阳性的250例呼吸道非多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者为对照组,收集2组患者的年龄、性别、临床相关检查结果及既往抗菌药物使用状况等临床资料,分析呼吸道多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者的中医证候分布特点和易感因素。【结果】(1)易感因素方面:单因素分析结果提示,2组间的高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、化疗周期、抗菌药物使用时间、白蛋白、血红蛋白比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,以上变量均是肿瘤患者呼吸道多重耐药菌感染的危险因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)病原菌分布方面:肿瘤患者呼吸道多重耐药菌感染最常见致病菌排前3位的依次为鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌。(3)中医证候分布方面:实证方面,多耐组痰浊阻肺、热陷心包、痰热蕴肺的证型表现均较对照组严重,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);虚证方面,多耐组脾肾两虚、肺肾两虚、肝肾阴虚及心肾阳虚的证型表现均较对照组严重,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】合并基础病、化疗周期长、抗菌药物使用时间长、低水平白蛋白及低血红蛋白为肿瘤患者发生呼吸道多重耐药菌感染的危险因素;相对于非多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者,多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者病情较重,中医证型以虚实夹杂型为主,而非多重耐药菌感染肿瘤患者以实证居多。

重症监护病房多重耐药菌感染分布情况及影响因素分析

目的分析重症监护病房(ICU)患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染的分布情况及其危险因素,并提出相关的预防和控制措施。方法本研究以2021年7月至2022年12月汕头市某三级甲等医院ICU收治的1407例患者为对象,回顾性收集其住院期间是否发生MDRO感染,分析MDRO感染发生率和分布情况,并分为MDRO感染组和非MDRO感染组进行比较,采用多因素logistic回归筛选MDRO感染的相关危险因素。结果ICU共有1407例住院患者均接受细菌培养及耐药菌株检测,其中男性患者为880例,女性患者为527例;MDRO感染发生率为18.69%(263/1407)。ICU中MDRO感染菌株主要涉及大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌等。多因素分析结果显示,合并心血管病(OR=1.453,95%CI 1.006~2.079)、广谱抗生素使用时长≥1周(OR=1.900,95%CI 1.377~2.620)、使用≥2联抗生素(OR=1.913,95%CI 1.378~2.655)、留置血管内导管(OR=2.456,95%CI 1.416~3.241)与MDRO感染风险增高有关(P<0.05)。结论ICU患者中MDRO的感染发生率相对其他普通病区仍处于较高水平,应针对MDRO感染的特点和相关的高危因素及时采取预防和控制措施,有效降低MDRO的感染发生率。

常州市某医院>60岁肺部感染者多重耐药菌病原学特征及危险因素分析

目的了解常州市>60岁肺部感染者多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organism,MDRO)病原学特征及其感染危险因素。方法收集2019年6月—2022年10月某院重症监护病房(ICU)和呼吸科>60岁肺部感染者的临床资料,分析病原菌分布情况,采用单因素方差分析和多因素logistic回归分析老年肺部MDRO感染的危险因素。结果共纳入1464例老年肺部感染者,MDRO感染发生率13.52%,呼吸道标本分离出309株MDRO,主要为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、溶血性葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄菌属。多因素logistic回归分析显示,长期卧床者MDRO感染风险是非长期卧床者的4.70倍(95%CI:2.13~10.37),机械通气时间≥7 d的患者是<7 d的3.32倍(95%CI:1.41~7.79),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论临床治疗中应对长期卧床及长时间机械通气的老年肺部感染者尽早进行针对性治疗干预,以降低患者MDRO感染的风险,提高生存率。

以消毒为导向的集束化管理模式在ICU环境清洁消毒质量管理中的应用效果

目的探讨以消毒为导向的集束化管理模式在重症监护病房(ICU)环境清洁消毒质量管理中的应用效果。方法运用集束化管理模式对ICU环境清洁消毒工作进行干预,将2022年1—12月设为干预前,2023年1—12月设为干预后。比较干预前后ICU保洁人员消毒知识知晓率、环境卫生学监测结果、患者常见多重耐药菌(MDRO)检出情况及医院感染情况。结果ICU保洁人员消毒知识知晓率、高频接触环境物体表面荧光标记清除率分别由干预前的68.58%、78.45%提升至干预后的88.45%、96.44%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高频接触环境物体表面及医务人员手细菌培养合格率分别由干预前的70.63%、87.90%提升至干预后的88.36%、94.15%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高频接触环境物体表面耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)检出率干预前分别为0.49%、1.46%,干预后分别为0、0.27%,干预前后比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预后ICU患者医院感染发病率(4.97%)、CRAB医院感染发病率(0.77%)较干预前(分别为7.46%、1.62%)低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论运用集束化管理模式对ICU环境清洁消毒工作进行干预,可有效提升ICU环境清洁消毒效果,增强保洁人员消毒防控意识,降低MRSA、CRAB检出率,降低医院感染风险,保障医疗安全。

失效模式与效应分析预防ICU获得性感染的Meta分析

目的 系统评价失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)在预防重症监护病房(ICU)获得性感染中的有效性。方法 2名研究人员独立检索外文数据库和中文数据库相关文献,检索截止时间为2022年7月15日,根据纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据和评估总体质量,并应用RevMan 5.4软件对纳入文献的预防效果进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入了19篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,运用FMEA方法降低了ICU患者呼吸机相关肺炎发病率[OR=0.40,95%CI(0.31~0.51),P<0.01]、导尿管相关尿路感染发病率[OR=0.29,95%CI(0.17~0.51),P<0.01]、中央血管导管相关血流感染发病率[OR=0.28,95%CI(0.18~0.46),P<0.01]、多重耐药菌感染发生率[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.37~0.58),P<0.01]、ICU医院感染发病率[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.37~0.59),P<0.01],提高了ICU患者及家属满意度[OR=2.34,95%CI(1.72~3.17),P<0.01]。结论 FMEA能有效预防ICU获得性感染,提高医院感染管理质量。

ICU患者多重耐药菌感染特点及预后影响因素分析

目的分析重症监护室(ICU)患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染特点和预后影响因素,为MDRO的预防和治疗提供参考。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2023年12月收治于新疆医科大学第一附属医院ICU发生MDRO感染的401例患者的临床资料,并根据是否院内死亡分为病死组(98例)和生存组(303例),使用Excel2019和SPSS 27.0对其感染特点和预后影响因素进行总结分析。结果401例ICU患者发生MDRO感染中共检出MDRO 825株,其中革兰氏阴性菌648株(78.5%),前6位分别为:鲍曼不动杆菌(28.0%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(15.2%)、大肠埃希菌(8.7%)、铜绿假单胞菌(6.9%)、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(6.2%)、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(3%);革兰氏阳性菌177株(21.5%),主要为屎肠球菌(6.5%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(4.7%)、表皮葡萄球菌(4.5%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:心脑血管疾病(OR=5.047,95%CI:2.539~10.034,P<0.01)、肺部疾病(OR=3.223,95%CI:1.884~5.512,P<0.01)和机械通气(OR=1.510,95%CI:1.340~15.304,P<0.05)为影响患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结论ICU患者MDRO感染菌株分别以鲍曼不动杆菌和屎肠球菌为主,感染菌株种类较多,心脑血管疾病、肺部疾病和机械通气是影响其预后不良的独立危险因素。