Stable multi-electron reaction stimulated by W doping VS_(4)for enhancing magnesium storage performance

Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)hold promise for offering higher volumetric energy density and safety features,attracting increasing research interest as the next post lithium-ion batteries.Developing high performance cathode material by inducing multi-electron reaction process as well as maintaining structural stability is the key to the development and application of RMBs.Herein,multielectron reaction occurred in VS_(4)by simple W doping strategy.W doping induces valence of partial V as V^(2+)and V^(3+)in VS_(4)structure,and then stimulates electrochemical reaction involving multi-electrons in 0.5%W-V-S.The flower-like microsphere morphology as well as rich S vacancies is also modulated by W doping to neutralize structure change in such multi-electron reaction process.The fabricated 0.5%W-V-S delivers higher specific capacity(149.3 m A h g^(-1)at 50 m A g^(-1),which is 1.6 times higher than that of VS_(4)),superior rate capability(76 mA h g^(-1)at 1000 mA g^(-1)),and stable cycling performance(1500cycles with capacity retention ratio of 93.8%).Besides that,pesudocapaticance-like contribution analysis as well as galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)further confirms the enhanced Mg^(2+)storage kinetics during such multi-electron involved electrochemical reaction process.Such discovery provides new insights into the designing of multi-electron reaction process in cathode as well as neutralizing structural change during such reaction for realizing superior electrochemical performance in energy storage devices.

Sequential over-barrier ionization of multi-electron atoms in the tens-to-hundreds keV/u energy range

Our previous work on the classical over-barrier ionization model for helium double ionization is extended to the complex multi-electron system of Ne. The total and q-fold ionization cross sections are calculated at energies ranging from a few tens to several hundred keV/u. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the energy dependence of the cross sections suggests that the multi-ionization of a strong perturbated complex atom is probably the sequential over-barrier ionization process.

Designing electrode materials for aluminum-ion batteries towards fast diffusion and multi-electron reaction

Since the electrochemical energy storage was invented, mobile has brought us a new world without wires for more electronic devices [1–4]. Aluminum ion batteries(AIBs) were born with the requirements of electrochemical energy storage towards high capacity, safe and low cost.

Multi-Electron Effects in Attosecond Transient Absorption of CO Molecules

Using the fully propagated time-dependent Hartree–Fock method, we identify that both the dynamic core polarization and multiorbital contributions are important in the attosecond transient absorption of CO molecules.The dynamics of core electrons effectively modifies the behaviors of electrons in the highest occupied molecular orbital, resulting in the modulation of intensity and position of the absorption peaks. Depending on the alignment angles, different inner orbitals are identified to contribute, and even dominate the total absorption spectra. As a result, multi-electron fingerprints are encoded in the absorption spectra, which shed light on future applications of attosecond transient absorption in complex systems.

Multi-electron reaction concept for the universal battery design

Electrochemical batteries define the contraption stores electricity in the direct form of chemical energy with high efficiency. If the energy conversion process can be reversed, namely the input and output of electricity both being permitted, the batteries are termed rechargeable batteries or also secondary batteries accordingly [1]. These decades have witnessed the rapid development of batteries because of the demands for transportation of information and mass in the mobile area, and stationary storage for the implementation of renewable energy technologies.

NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF POLYARYLENESULFONIUM CATIONS THROUGH A MULTI-ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESS

The oxidative polymerization of aryl sulfoxides provides a novel polysulfo-nium compound, poly(methylsulfonio-1,4-phenylenethio-1,4-phenylene cation) in quantita-tive yield. The polymerization proceeds efficiently in an acidic solution under atmosphericconditions. Oxygen, chemical and electrochemical oxidations are available. Vanadyl acety-lacetonate and cerium ammonium nitrate act as an effective catalyst for the oxygen ox-idative polymerization. The polymerization mechanism involves multielectron oxidation ofthe sulfides followed by successive electrophilic substitution. The resulting polyarylenesul-fonium cations are useful as a soluble precursor for the synthesis of high molecular weight(M_w>10~5) poly(thio arylne)s.

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in slow collisions of isocharged sequence ions with neon

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in the collisions of q = 6-9 and 11 isocharged sequence ions with Ne is investigated in the keV/u region. The cross-section ratios of double-, triple-, quadruple- and total multielectron processes to the single electron capture process as well as the partial ratios of different reaction channels to the relevant multi-electron process are measured by using position-sensitive and time-of-flight techniques. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical predictions including the extended classical over-barrier model, the molecular Columbic barrier model and the semi-empirical scaling law. Results show a core effect on multi-electron process of isocharge ions colliding with Neon, which is consistent with the results of Helium we obtained previously.

Multi-electron reaction and fast Al ion diffusion of δ-MnO_(2) cathode materials in rechargeable aluminum batteries via first-principle calculations

Rechargeable aluminum batteries with multi-electron reaction have a high theoretical capacity for next generation of energy storage devices. However, the diffusion mechanism and intrinsic property of Al insertion into MnO_(2) are not clear. Hence, based on the first-principles calculations, key influencing factors of slow Al-ions diffusion are narrow pathways, unstable Al-O bonds and Mn^(3+) type polaron have been identified by investigating four types of δ-MnO_(2)(O3, O'3, P2 and T1). Although Al insert into δ-MnO_(2) leads to a decrease in the spacing of the Mn-Mn layer, P2 type MnO_(2) keeps the long(spacious pathways)and stable(2.007–2.030 A) Al-O bonds resulting in the lower energy barrier of Al diffusion of 0.56 e V. By eliminated the influence of Mn^(3+)(low concentration of Al insertion), the energy barrier of Al migration achieves 0.19 e V in P2 type, confirming the obviously effect of Mn^(3+) polaron. On the contrary, although the T1 type MnO_(2) has the sluggish of Al-ions diffusion, the larger interlayer spacing of Mn-Mn layer,causing by H_(2)O could assist Al-ions diffusion. Furthermore, it is worth to notice that the multilayer δ-MnO_(2) achieves multi-electron reaction of 3|e|. Considering the requirement of high energy density, the average voltage of P2(1.76 V) is not an obstacle for application as cathode in RABs. These discover suggest that layered MnO_(2) should keep more P2-type structure in the synthesis of materials and increase the interlayer spacing of Mn-Mn layer for providing technical support of RABs in large-scale energy storage.

Unlocking the multi-electron transfer reaction in NASICON-type cathode materials

The growing concern about scarcity and large-scale applications of lithium resources has attracted efforts to realize cost-effective phosphate-based cathode materials for next-generation Na-ion batteries(NIBs).In previous work,a series of materials(such as Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7)),Na_(3)VCr(PO_(4))_(3),Na_(4)VMn(PO_(4))3,Na_(3)MnTi(PO_(4))_(3),Na_(3)MnZr(PO_(4))3,etc)with∼120 mAh g^(-1) specific capacity and high operating potential has been proposed.However,the mass ratio of the total transition metal in the above compounds is only∼22 wt%,which means that one-electron transfer for each transition metal shows a limited capacity(the mass ratio of Fe is 35.4 wt%in LiFePO_(4)).Therefore,a multi-electron transfer reaction is necessary to catch up to or go beyond the electrochemical performance of LiFePO_(4).This review summarizes the reported NASICON-type and other phosphate-based cathode materials.On the basis of the aforementioned experimental results,we pinpoint the multi-electron behavior of transition metals and shed light on designing rules for developing high-capacity cathodes in NIBs.

线上线下同步课堂教学技术方法研究

针对线上和线下同步开展课堂教学的需求以及线下教学场地硬件条件的特点,设计一种在Wi-Fi网络环境下基于手写平板电脑,使用同屏软件的多屏协同授课及电子板书技术方法。该技术方法实现了大规模线下课堂授课和通过腾讯会议等平台开展线上教学的实时同步功能,在具有Wi-Fi网络和投影大屏的线下教室里均可开展同步教学,简便易行,较好地解决了因疫情等特殊原因造成的部分学生无法参加线下课堂教学的实际困难,具有一定推广价值。

智能网联汽车多域电子电气架构技术发展研究

智能网联作为汽车行业的重要发展趋势,是实现汽车行业新四化技术改革的关键性支撑技术。创新升级智能网联汽车操作系统核心技术,不但是落实国家战略要求,实现汽车制造强国目的,更是掌握自主研发核心技术,打破发达国家对我国技术封锁的重要途径。现阶段而言,随着汽车的智能化程度越高、功能越丰富,其对操作系统的要求也越来越高,多域电子电器架构技术的重要性愈发凸显。基于此,文章在智能网联汽车多域电子电器架构技术的基础上,对多域电子电器架构技术发展现状进行了分析,指出了当前我国智能网联汽车电子电器架构技术的优势,并对智能网联汽车电子电器架构技术发展趋势进行了探讨。

高职学生创新能力培养多维特色平台建设

创新型杰出技能人才培养是高职人才培养的重要改革方向,多维特色平台是杰出人才培养的重要支撑。高水平创新杰出人才培养是专业群深化改革促进内涵式发展的主要任务之一,重点在人才培养模式、课程体系、高水平师资、产教融合实践基地、赋能区域的创新创业平台等方面进行了有效探索。从实践中解答高职院校“能不能培养出杰出人才”“培养什么样的杰出人才”“如何培养杰出人才”三个问题。

多核处理器公平共享并行总线的方法

针对综合化电子系统中多个功能运行于同一多核处理器的不同核同时访问同一并行总线的冲突避免以及实时性问题,提出一种基于最小访问颗粒度的多核处理器公平共享并行总线的方法,并详细介绍了该方法的设计实现及验证。该方法不仅通过为每核分配一个总线操作缓冲队列保障了同一核的总线操作先到先服务,而且通过单个读写操作周期的公平队列算法保障了每核总线操作的实时性。工程实践表明,该方法是一种多核处理器公平共享并行总线的有效方法。

考虑多维非线性扰动的电子助力制动系统自适应压力控制

针对电子助力制动系统(EBBS)面临的机-电-液多维非线性扰动问题,提出了一种自适应压力控制策略。外层液压控制器引入自适应径向基函数神经网络和鲁棒滑模理论克服液压时变不确定性,中间层位置控制器采用Karnopp摩擦前馈补偿和滑模控制应对传动机构非线性摩擦阻碍,内层电流控制器通过李雅普诺夫理论解决电机电磁特性耦合问题。仿真和硬件在环试验结果表明,设计的压力控制策略能够在多种工况中将EBBS主动制动稳态压力跟随误差维持在0.15MPa之内。

面向电子航海图分发服务的多级可逆水印算法

针对电子航海图(ENC)分发过程中存在的版权归属不清、泄露责任难以认定的问题,在顾及ENC对数据扰动敏感、精度要求高特点的基础上,以高隐蔽性ENC数据多级分发版权保护为目标,提出了一种面向ENC分发服务的多级可逆水印算法。首先通过精度移位创造独立水印信息嵌入空间确保算法的可逆,其次通过控制水印信息嵌入的坐标位置减小对数据精度的干扰,然后利用极坐标转换的方式隐藏水印信息,最后基于水印信息的提取与再嵌入实现动态多级分发。实验结果表明:该算法具有较好的不可感知性和充足的水印容量,能有效实现ENC多级分发过程中的版权溯源,预防数据盗版。

微型阵列束闸设计与实验

微型阵列束闸是多束电子束曝光系统的关键部件,用于控制多束电子束的开/关,实现复杂图形的快速曝光。对3×3微型阵列束闸进行了设计与制作,并进行了多束电子束偏转实验研究。对阵列束闸结构进行了优化设计,并基于MEMS加工工艺成功制备了阵列束闸。针对阵列束闸的控制要求,设计了可单独控制的阵列束闸控制器。将控制器与阵列束闸进行连接,验证了控制器的偏转速度与功能完整性。最后,在多束电子束测试平台对阵列束闸进行了偏转实验,研究串扰对电子束偏转的影响。实验结果表明:阵列束闸控制器的偏转速度达到43.5 MHz,大于设计值10 MHz;阵列束闸成功实现了单独控制电子束开和关,束闸的偏转距离在25~30μm之间,小于计算值43.29μm;串扰程度均小于3%。该阵列束闸已经具备多束电子束开/关控制功能,但在偏转精度,设计和加工工艺等方面还需进一步优化和完善。

Multi-electron Reaction Materials for High-Energy-Density Secondary Batteries:Current Status and Prospective

To address increasing energy supply challenges and allow for the effective utilization of renewable energy sources,transformational and reliable battery chemistry are critically needed to obtain higher energy densities.Here,significant progress has been made in the past few decades in energetic battery systems based on the concept of multi-electron reactions to overcome existing barriers in conventional battery research and application.As a result,a systematic understanding of multi-electron chemistry is essential for the design of novel multi-electron reaction materials and the enhancement of corresponding battery performances.Based on this,this review will briefly present the advancements of multi-electron reaction materials from their evolutionary discovery from lightweight elements to the more recent multi-ion effect.In addition,this review will discuss representative multi-electron reaction chemistry and materials,including ferrates,metal borides,metal oxides,metal fluorides,lithium transition metal oxides,silicon,sulfur and oxygen.Furthermore,insertion-type,alloy-type and conversion-type multi-electron chemistry involving monovalent Li^(+) and Na^(+) cations,polyvalent Mg^(2+) and Al^(3+) cations beyond those of alkali metals as well as activated S^(2−) and O^(2−) anions are introduced in the enrichment and development of multi-electron reactions for electrochemical energy storage applications.Finally,this review will present the ongoing challenges and underpinning mechanisms limiting the performance of multi-electron reaction materials and corresponding battery systems.

论面向虚拟世界的多点并行取证规则

面对虚拟世界中的违规经营活动,传统电子取证固证技术面临取证成本高、证据易被篡改和合法性欠缺等问题。多点并行取证技术规则从间接证明理论出发,借助时空跨度大、随机性强的多个取证节点,以可控的经济成本对电子商务经营者的侵权或违约事实进行更有效的证据收集,同时赋予经营者合理的反证机会。这种技术规则在行政执法和消费者维权场域都具有广泛的适用空间,但在构建行政执法系统时需联系既有的监管标准,在取证和固证环节通过人机分离、数据备份等技术措施确保环境清洁。在搭建面向消费者的取证平台时,需恪守最小必要原则,通过审查平台企业经营资质等方式实现平台中立,利用公开透明的取证手段和完整的证据链条确保电子证据的证据能力。

基于Transformer交互指导的医患对话联合信息抽取方法

针对电子病历构建过程中难以捕捉信息抽取任务之间的关联性和医患对话上下文信息的问题,提出了一种基于Transformer交互指导的联合信息抽取方法,称为CT-JIE(collaborative Transformer for joint information extraction)。首先,该方法使用滑动窗口并结合Bi-LSTM获取对话中的历史信息,利用标签感知模块捕捉对话语境中与任务标签相关的信息;其次,通过全局注意力模块提高了模型对于症状实体及其状态的上下文感知能力;最后,通过交互指导模块显式地建模了意图识别、槽位填充与状态识别三个任务之间的交互关系,以捕捉多任务之间的复杂语境和关系。实验表明,该方法在IMCS21和CMDD两个数据集上的性能均优于其他基线模型和消融模型,在处理联合信息抽取任务时具有较强的泛化能力和性能优势。