Effects of Accelerated Aging on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Waxy and Non-waxy Wheat Seeds

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, and Waxy 15; and five non-waxy wheat lines： S-39, 04J89, Jan-81, III42-4, and II110 were studied. The seeds were subjected to accelerated aging at 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, and 60℃, and 90% relative humidity for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, respectively. The results showed a gradual increase in conductivity and decrease in germination rate during accelerated aging. SOD, POD and CAT activities increased at lowgrade treatment, but decreased at severe treatment. On the other hand, the soluble protein content decreased at 45 ℃, but successively increased, then decreased 50℃. From the above study, it showed that 90% RH at 55℃ was the best accelerated aging condition for optimum efficiency in a shorter period.

Influence of Accelerated Aging on Detonation Performance of Explosives

To understand the aging effects on detonation performances of explosives,an accelerated aging mechanism and effect of explosives were analyzed.Based on the thermo-gravimetric(TG) curves of explosives under the heat rate of 5,10 and 20 K·min-1,the thermal decomposition activation energy,pre-exponential factor,mechanism function and kinetic equation of the explosives were calculated by Ozawa's equation and decomposition extents.Then,according to the derived kinetic equation,the density,composition and heat of formation of GI-1,PBX-1 and PBX-2 explosive in different decomposition extents were calculated at accelerated aging temperatures of 70 ℃ and 75 ℃,respectively.Furthermore,the detonation parameters of GI-1,PBX-1 and PBX-2 explosives were found out by means of VLWR code.The results show that after accelerated aging,the density are decrease,the detonation velocity and pressure are all decreased slightly.

Cross-linking density and aging constitutive model of HTPB coating under prestrain thermal accelerated aging

In order to study the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating during storage,the thermal accelerated aging tests at 0%,3%,6%and 9%prestrains were carried out.The crosslinking density of HTPB coating at different aging stages were tested using low-field^1 H NMR and the variation of cross-linking density was analyzed.The aging model of cross-linking density considering the chemical aging and the physical stretching factors was established.The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on HTPB coating at different aging stages and the cross-linking density was introduced into Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model as a characterization parameter of correction coefficient.Combined with uniaxial tensile test results,a prestrain aging constitutive model of HTPB coating was established.The results show that the cross-linking density of HTPB coating increases rapidly at first and then slowly with the increase of thermal accelerated aging time without prestrain.Under prestrain conditions,the crosslinking density of HTPB coating decreases at the early stage,and increases rapidly at first and then slowly at the middle and late stages of thermal accelerated aging.The correlation coefficients of aging model of cross-linking density and aging constitutive model with test results are R>0.9500 and R>0.9900 respectively,which can be used to accurately describe the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating under prestrain accelerated thermal aging conditions.

Studies on the Effect of Accelerated Thermal Aging on Electrical and Physicochemical Properties of XLPE Cable

The degradation of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation during service, such as thermo-oxidation and water treeing may lead to a premature electrical breakdown of the XLPE insulation cables. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the period of replacement to evenly distribute the replacement cost by ascertaining the deterioration degree. Estimation of the aging degree is at present the most important task for diagnosis of the residual lifetime of the power cable insulation. This paper presents a study on the changes in the dielectric properties of the thermally aged XLPE cables in the frequency range from 0.07～10 MHz. Based on electrical and physicochemical characterization, some new "dactylograms" for the thermally aged XLPE cable insulation have been proposed.

Accelerated Exhumation During the Cenozoic in the Dabie Mountains: Evidence from Fission-Track Ages

Abstract: Zircon and apatite fission-track dating indicates that the exhumation of the Dabie Mountains tended to be accelerated in the Cenozoic and that the exhumation of the eastern Dabie Mountains was more and more intense from south to north, which is in accordance with the more and more intense dissection from south to north, as is reflected by the modern geomorphologic features of the Dabie Mountains. The accelerated exhumation during the Cenozoic was related to the high elevation of the Dabie Mountains resulting from Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene detachment faulting and subsequent fault-block uplift and subsidence. The average elevation at that time was at least about 660 m higher than that at the present. The intense exhumation lagged behind intense uplift.

Effect of Accelerated Ageing on the Dielectric Behaviour of Some Varnish Dry Films

The variation of the dielectric constant e' and the dielectric loss e' of polyesteramide, alkyd polyesteramide and alkyd varnish dry films were measured within the frequency range from 105 to 107 Hz and the temperature range from 20 to 50℃. The varnish films were subjected to accelerated ageing by heating at 110℃ for diferent durations. The efect of the accelerated ageing on e' and e' were measured. The activation energy and the entropy change of dielectric relaxation for the dry films before and after ageing were also calculated. All the results obtained were recorded and discussed in correlation with the molecular structure of the investigated varnishes.

Effects of Artificial Aging on Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seeds with Different Dormancy Characteristics

In this study,two indica varieties with different dormancy characteristics [4 K58( II-32 B dormant),4 K59( II-32 B) ] and their F2 seeds( C178,C179) obtained through hybridization with sterile line( II-32 A) were used as materials. Different aged seeds( 0,3,6 and 9 d) of these four varieties were acquired by artificial accelerated aging method. Effects of artificial aging on malondialdehyde( MDA) content and catalase( CAT),ascorbate peroxidase( APX),peroxidase( POD) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity were investigated. The results showed that with the prolongation of aging time,MDA contents of these four rice varieties increased significantly,while the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased dramatically. Besides,MDA contents and SOD,CAT and APX activity of the two inbred lines were significantly lower than those of the hybrid varieties. In addition,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in 4 K58 and C178 was significantly lower than that in 4 K59 and C179,respectively. This study indicated that artificial aging treatment significantly inhibited the activity of antioxidant system in seeds,improved membrane lipid peroxidation degree,and thus aggravated the deterioration of seeds. In addition,it also suggested that rice seeds with dormant property were more intolerant to storage.

A Study of Estimating the Safe Storage Life, Self-accelerating Decomposition Temperature and Critical Temperature of Thermal Explosion of Double-base Propellant Using Isothermal and Non-isothermal Decomposition Behaviours

A method of estimating the safe storage life （τ）, self-accelerating decomposition temperature （TsADT） and critical temperature of thermal explosion （Tb） of double-base propellant using isothermal and non-isothermal decomposition behaviours is presented. For double-base propellant composed of 56±1wt% of nitrocellulose （NC）, 27±0.5wt% of nitroglycerine （NG）, 8.15±0.15wt% of dinitrotoluene （DNT）, 2.5±0.1wt% of methyl centralite, 5.0±0.15wt% of catalyst and 1.0±0.1wt% of other, the values of r of 49.4 years at 40℃, of TSAOT of 151.35℃ and of Tb of 163.01℃ were obtained.

Impact of Accelerated Stresses on Power Transformer Insulation

The paper is based on the experimental investigation of accelerated stresses on insulation of power transformer. The effects of individual thermal and electrical stresses have been graphically presented. The factors accelerated thermal aging factor (ATAF) and accelerated electrical aging factor (AEAF) have been introduced, it helps to understand the contribution of thermal and electrical stresses and degradation trends of insulating properties. The accelerated aging factors have been mathematically correlated with different properties of insulation such as moisture, breakdown voltage (BDV), tan delta and resistivity. These parameters were determined experimentally for fresh oil samples and for samples subjected to accelerated aging.

Investigation of the role of aziridine bonding agents on the aging of the composite solid rocket propellant(CSRP)

The role of bonding agents on the aging characteristics is one of the important research topics.Aging program of the prepared propellant samples was conducting as follows:Five samples,two free of bonding agents,and three containing an aziridine based bonding agents(MAPO,HX-752,MAT4),four samples based on different bonding and curing agents all were aged at 70 ℃.The prepared bonding agent "MAT4" gave remarkable improvements and resulted in highly stable mechanical properties comparing with HX-752 or MAPO.The selected bonding agents family inhibited the rate of decomposition of the propellants during the aging periods and supported the propellant matrix against decomposition at the elevated temperatures.

Constant-Stress Accelerated Degradation Life Test of an Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display under Violet Light

The lifetime of commercial OLED display devices increases, so does the need for an accelerated lifetime testing method. The present work proposes a simple and accurate blackbox testing approach for commercial PMOLED display lifetime assessment using violet light-induced accelerated aging. Maximum likelihood estimations using lognormal distributions are performed based on datasets acquired from samples exposed to six different degrees of violet irradiance and accelerated life model is shown to accurately fit experimental data using an inverse power law. Based on these results, weighted average of the logarithmic standard deviation, the average life and median life can then be obtained for specific conditions of operation of the devices. As this method relies exclusively on violet light-induced degradation at room-temperature, this minimally-invasive testing procedure requires no significant modification to the display hardware architecture.

湿热环境苯基阻尼硅橡胶加速老化与寿命预测研究

研究了苯基阻尼硅橡胶的湿热老化过程,重点考察了其拉伸性能、阻尼性能和压缩回弹性能。对于拉伸性能,实验研究表明材料拉伸模量和100%定伸应力均随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐提高。对于阻尼性能,损耗系数随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐下降。对于压缩回弹性能,压缩永久变形随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐上升。另外,温度对苯基硅橡胶性能的影响大于湿度。这主要归因于老化过程中同时发生了侧基氧化和水解,进而导致分子链交联和断裂同时发生。相比于分子链断裂,分子链交联占据了主导作用。最后,采用Peck模型预测了不同温湿度环境下苯基硅橡胶的贮存寿命。由于阻尼性能决定了苯基硅橡胶的减振性能,因此将损耗系数作为评价特征参数。结果表明,在25℃下,当相对湿度在80%~40%间变动时,苯基硅橡胶的寿命在18~39 a间变化。此研究有助于进一步理解苯基硅橡胶的老化过程,并且提供了不同湿热环境下苯基阻尼硅橡胶寿命预测的方法。

基于注意力机制的CNN-BiLSTM的IGBT剩余使用寿命预测

针对绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)可靠性问题,提出了一种融合卷积神经网络(CNN)、双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)网络和注意力机制的剩余使用寿命(RUL)预测模型,可用于IGBT的寿命预测。模型中使用CNN提取特征参数,BiLSTM提取时序信息,注意力机制加权处理特征参数。使用IGBT加速老化数据集对提出的模型进行验证。结果表明,对比自回归差分移动平均(ARIMA)、长短期记忆(LSTM)、多层LSTM(Multi-LSTM)、 BiLSTM预测模型,在均方根误差和决定系数等评价指标方面该模型的性能最优。验证了提出的寿命预测模型对IGBT失效预测是有效的。

PE-LLD散光膜氙灯加速老化行为及机制

农用聚乙烯散光棚膜可在较高透光率条件下提高雾度,将透过膜面的直射光转为散射光,促进膜内植株全维度获取有效光辐射。通过引入散光剂制备线型低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)散光膜,实现透光率90.99%、雾度62.29%,较空白对照膜透光率降低0.55%、雾度提高152.60%。耐老化性能是PE-LLD棚膜其他功效性能的基础保证,采用氙灯老化对PE-LLD散光膜进行加速降解,其宏观光学与力学性能变化趋势同空白膜一致,二者断裂伸长率分别在13d时降至初始值40.58%与47.01%(完全老化)。综合考察PE-LLD散光膜加速老化过程化学组成、结晶行为、晶粒尺寸及微观形貌变化规律,其老化过程随降解速度变化分3个阶段:老化前期分子链交联密度上升,二次结晶片段堆砌增大结晶度,降解缓慢;老化中期交联与降解并存,界面处散光剂脱落促使膜面破裂,片晶分布连续性降低,降解速度适中;老化后期分子主链降解加剧,膜面裂纹向纵深延展,力学性能快速降解至完全老化。研究表明,引入散光剂可在不影响PE-LLD棚膜宏观使用功能与老化降解性能的基础上有效提高雾度,实现散射光调控。

HTPB推进剂热力耦合加速老化细观损伤机理分析

为了深入探究端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂在热力耦合作用下的细观损伤机理,采用了试验表征和理论分析相结合的方法。具体而言,对在不同环境温度(50,70℃和90℃)及不同加载次数下的HTPB推进剂进行了细观层面分析。在50℃下,分别进行了约3000次和10800次加载;在70℃下,分别进行了约1800,3600次和7030次加载;而在90℃下,则进行了约1800次加载。研究发现:在热力耦合加速老化作用下,HTPB推进剂的细观损伤比单一因素老化更为显著。其细观损伤机理主要涉及两方面:一是由于基体热降解,基体自身的承载性能及其与颗粒间的粘接强度均有所下降,进而导致颗粒“脱湿”;二是颗粒的“脱湿”现象反过来进一步加剧了基体的热降解。这种相互作用使得细观损伤更加严重。研究还发现,随着老化温度的增加,细观损伤的程度会加剧,但温度过高将改变老化过程的细观损伤机理。此外,研究指出,在其他条件不变的前提下,合理选择终止加载次数对于判断HTPB推进剂是否发生显著细观损伤至关重要。本研究中,当50℃和70℃下的加载次数比(N/N_(End))分别超过0.281和0.330时,HTPB推进剂会产生显著的细观损伤。

GIS密封圈老化诊断与寿命预测方法研究现状

作为气体绝缘输变电设备技术领域中的重要部分,现有的气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(gas-insulated metalenclosed switchgear,GIS)密封圈老化诊断和寿命预测方法已不能满足当代电力工业关键零件可靠性的需求,新形势下也迫切需要以新的框架来回顾该领域的研究现状,启发新的研究思路。该文首先分析GIS密封圈压缩老化因子、热老化因子和化学老化因子的水平、分布及作用。在此基础上,回顾GIS密封圈加速老化试验从试样的热空气老化,逐步发展到充入SF6气体的完整O形圈老化等多因子老化试验的过程。然后,综述GIS密封圈机械性能表征、理化特征及气体泄漏特征3个主要方面,特别指出在大气/绝缘气体异相介质作用下GIS密封圈具有明显的非均相老化特征。最后,回溯硫化橡胶密封圈寿命预测方法在数学模型和失效判据两方面的研究成果。该文可为学术和工程研究提供一定基础性参考。

结合加速时温数据和加权外推的橡胶老化寿命预测

针对加速数据外推合理性瓶颈,在高温加速试验数据的基础上,提出加权外推的方法实现橡胶寿命的准确预测。首先,建立橡胶性能的非线性加速退化模型,并采用非线性最小二乘法实现对不同温度下的加速因子进行识别;其次,建立加速因子和加速温度的阿累尼乌斯模型,根据误差特性进行活化能的加权推算;最后,由活化能推算出使用温度下的寿命,通过已有数据的建模验证了方法的有效性。研究可为提升橡胶零部件的加速寿命预测的准确性提供支撑,同时也可为其他机械零部件的可靠性评估提供参考。

复杂温度环境下苯基硅橡胶减震垫服役寿命评估技术

目的评估某型苯基硅橡胶减震垫在库房贮存-户外值班交替复杂温度环境下的服役寿命。方法开展苯基硅橡胶减震垫在不同温度下的热空气加速老化试验,测试压缩刚度性能数据,计算库房贮存-户外值班环境下多个等效温度反应速率,评估苯基硅橡胶减震垫服役寿命。结果在置信度为99%时,苯基硅橡胶减震垫的压缩刚度保持率均随老化时间延长呈修正指数型变化规律,初期变化速率快,后期变化速率减缓;随着温度增加,交联密度增加,减震能力降低。结论基于范霍夫近似规则,计算苯基硅橡胶减震垫在库房贮存-户外值班交替环境下的服役寿命为28年,为类似产品的使用寿命预测提供方法支撑。

宁夏春小麦品种资源种子耐老化性综合评价

为筛选出耐老化小麦品种,采用高温高湿(41℃,95%RH)人工老化法对64份宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种资源进行老化处理,测定老化前后种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、种子蛋白质含量及湿面筋含量,根据各指标的耐老化系数,运用主成分分析、隶属函数和聚类分析法对参试材料的耐老化性进行综合评价。结果表明,老化后种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和湿面筋含量显著降低,而蛋白质含量无明显变化。通过主成分分析将6个单项指标转换为3个相互独立的综合指标,其贡献率分别为59.760%、18.160%和15.260%,代表了全部数据93.190%的信息量。运用隶属函数法计算综合耐老化值(D值),并对其进行聚类分析,按照耐老化性强弱,将64份材料划分为3类。第一类高耐老化型材料10份;第二类普通耐老化型材料37份;第三类老化敏感型材料17份。宁春4号、宁春10号、宁春11号、宁春20号、宁春26号、宁春29号、宁春34号、宁春43号、宁春53号、宁春68号为耐老化品种。