THE STUDY OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN LEA IN CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS

Objective: To study the expression and the clinical significance of LEA in colorectal carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemistry S-P method to detect the expression of LEA and CEA in 140 colorectal cancer specimens and 100 non-cancerous colorectal specimens. Results: The expression of LEA is relative to tumor differentiation degree and exhibits higher selectivity in well-differentiated adeno-carcinoma (P<0.01). CEA has similar selectivity in well, moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P>0.05). Compared with CEA, the expression of LEA has lower positive rate in non-cancerous tissue (P<0.05). The positive rate of LEA in adenoma is much higher than surrounding non-cancerous mucosa and normal mucosa. In normal mucosa the positive rate of LEA is obviously lower than that of CEA (P<0.05). The expression of LEA and CEA has similar rule except in normal mucosa. In histological diagnosis of colorectal cancer the sensitivity of LEA is 82.9% and the specificity is 48%, while the sensitivity of CEA is 88.6% and the specificity is 35%. Conclusion: The expression of LEA is related to the differentiation degree of colorectal cancer tissue. LEA can be used as an auxiliary index for early diagnosis and a reference for the judgment of the malignancy degree of colorectal carcinoma, thus may be a new tumor marker with applicable clinic value.

Hydraulic metal structure health diagnosis based on data mining technology

In conjunction with association rules for data mining, the connections between testing indices and strong and weak association rules were determined, and new derivative rules were obtained by further reasoning. Association rules were used to analyze correlation and check consistency between indices. This study shows that the judgment obtained by weak association rules or non-association rules is more accurate and more credible than that obtained by strong association rules. When the testing grades of two indices in the weak association rules are inconsistent, the testing grades of indices are more likely to be erroneous, and the mistakes are often caused by human factors. Clustering data mining technology was used to analyze the reliability of a diagnosis, or to perform health diagnosis directly. Analysis showed that the clustering results are related to the indices selected, and that if the indices selected are more significant, the characteristics of clustering results are also more significant, and the analysis or diagnosis is more credible. The indices and diagnosis analysis function produced by this study provide a necessary theoretical foundation and new ideas for the development of hydraulic metal structure health diagnosis technology.

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The survival rate after the onset of symptoms is generally less than one year for the late presentation of HCC, and reliable tools for early diagnosis are lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC are urgently required. Recent studies show that the abnormal release of proteins by tumor cells can elicit humoral immune responses to self-antigens called tumor-associated antigens(TAAs). The corresponding autoantibodies can be detected before the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, there is growing interest in using serum autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the advances in research on autoantibodies against TAAs as serum biomarker for detection of HCC, the mechanism of the production of TAAs, and the association of autoantibodies with patients' clinical characteristics.

Surveillance Renal Allograft Biopsy on Diagnosis of BK Virus Nephropathy in Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients

Objective: We prospectively investigated 121 renal allograft biopsy specimens performed in our center. Methods: BKVAN was diagnosed by light microscopic examination and a positive immunohistochemistry staining of anti-SV40 large T antibody in a biopsy specimen. Results: Of the 121 patients, nine were diagnosed with BKVAN (7.4%). Nine patients whith BKVN classically presents as allograft dysfunction with an asymptomatic rise in serum creatinine, about 3 to 39 months posttransplant. Urinary decoy cells are positive in two patients (22.2%). The histologic changes of BKVN are not pathognomonic, and can be mistaken for allograft rejection, ie, tubulointerstitial nephritis with varying degrees of inflammatory infiltrates, tubulitis and tubular atrophy, and fibrosis. Typical findings on histology are focal interstitial mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates, presence of plasma cells, necrotic tubular epithelium, and presence of homogenous intranuclear inclusion bodies. Immunohistochemistry with SV40 staining were positive in allograft. Graft loss occurred in one patient and the other 8 showed progressive allograft dysfunction. Conclusion: The definitive diagnosis of BKV disease requires renal biopsy. Immunohistochemistry with SV40 staining has been used as an indirect method to document the presence of BKVAN.

Recent Advances in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are chronic complications of HIV infection in the central nervous system. Clinical presentations include asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive impairment (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prevalence of HAD has significantly decreased, but the rates of ANI and MND have increased, impairing patients’ daily functioning, medical adherence, employment, driving abilities, risk of HIV transmission, overall quality of life, and posing challenges to society, economy, families, and public health. This article reviews the latest research findings regarding the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and treatment, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment of HAND, aiming to provide insights into the prevention and management of HAND.

Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly diagnose Alzheimer's disease and evaluate drug effect based on a rat model

Alzheimer's disease(AD)represents the main form of dementia;however,valid diagnosis and treatment measures are lacking.The discovery of valuable biomarkers through omics technologies can help solve this problem.For this reason,metabolomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)was carried out on plasma,hippocampus,and cortex samples of an AD rat model.Based on the metabolomic data,we report a multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly and accurately identify potential biomarkers.Compared with the usual procedure,our strategy can identify fewer biomarkers with higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity.In addition to diagnosis,the potential biomarkers identified using our strategy were also beneficial for drug evaluation.Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy was used to identify differential metabolites from a rat model of amyloid beta peptide 1e40(Aβ_(1-40))plus ibotenic acid-induced AD(compared with the controls)for the first time;lysophosphatidylcholine(LysoPC)and intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism were screened as potential biomarkers.Subsequently,the effects of donepezil and pine nut were successfully reflected by regulating the levels of the abovementioned biomarkers and metabolic profile distribution in partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis(PLS-DA).This novel biomarker screening strategy can be used to analyze other metabolomic data to simultaneously enable disease diagnosis and drug evaluation.

超声衰减参数联合血清PAI-1和ALT水平评估代谢相关脂肪性肝病患者肝脂肪变性程度的价值分析

目的分析超声衰减参数(UAP)联合血清纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平评估代谢相关性脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)患者肝脂肪变性程度的效能。方法2019年3月~2022年12月我院诊治的112例MAFLD患者均接受肝穿刺活检,所有受试者接受iLivTouch瞬时弹性成像检测UAP,采用ELISA法检测血清PAI-1水平,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析UAP联合血清PAI-1和ALT水平评估MAFLD患者肝脂肪变性程度的效能。结果在112例MAFLD患者中,经肝组织病理学检查发现肝脂肪变1级(轻度)45例,2级(中度)42例和3级(重度)25例;重度肝脂肪变患者BMI、血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平分别为(32.6±2.4)kg/m^(2)、(6.6±0.9)mmol/L、(4.6±1.4)mmol/L和(4.0±0.9)mmol/L,显著高于中度患者【分别为(27.6±1.9)kg/m^(2)、(5.8±0.8)mmol/L、(3.5±0.9)mmol/L和(3.5±0.7)mmol/L,P<0.05】或轻度患者【分别为(24.1±0.9)kg/m^(2)、(5.1±0.7)mmol/L、(2.2±0.7)mmol/L和(3.0±0.5)mmol/L,P<0.05】,而血清HDL-C水平为(1.2±0.2)mmol/L,显著低于中度【(1.4±0.2)mmol/L,P<0.05】或轻度患者【(1.4±0.2)mmol/L,P<0.05】;重度组UAP、血清PAI-1和ALT水平分别为(312.7±32.6)dB/m、(36.5±4.2)mg/mL和(72.1±7.4)U/L,显著高于中度组【分别为(284.2±30.1)dB/m、(28.1±3.4)mg/mL和(36.3±4.1)U/L,P<0.05】或轻度组【分别为(257.4±26.4)dB/m、(20.4±2.4)mg/mL和(23.7±2.5)U/L,P<0.05】;ROC曲线分析显示,UAP联合血清PAI-1和ALT水平评估重度肝脂肪变性的曲线下面积(AUC)、特异度和敏感度分别为0.914(95%CI:0.883~0.990)、89.6%和93.3%,其特异度显著优于单一指标预测(P<0.05)。结论应用UAP联合血清PAI-1和ALT水平预测MAFLD患者严重肝脂肪变性有良好的评估价值,可为临床诊治提供参考依据。

个体化护理在BPPV合并疾病患者治疗中的临床价值

目的 探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV)合并疾病患者的护理对策。方法 选取2019年1~12月就诊的BPPV患者210例,无合并疾病BPPV患者37例为对照组,采用常规护理;BPPV合并疾病患者173例为试验组,采用个体化护理方案,比较2组患者的疗效、复发、生活质量改善情况。结果 试验组总有效率为97.1%,对照组总有效率为100%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组复发率为11.5%,对照组复发率为10.8%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者治疗前、后DHI总分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用个性化护理方案可以为合并疾病BPPV患者治疗提供护理保障,护理操作流程具体、明确、步骤清晰,可提高患者生活质量,提升护理满意度。

儿童和青少年代谢相关脂肪性肝病研究进展

代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD),曾被称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD),是儿童慢性肝病最常见病因,指年龄在18周岁以下的儿童及青少年除外饮酒及其他明确致病因素,由于肝脏慢性脂肪变性导致肝脏慢性脂肪沉积的临床病理综合征,是与胰岛素抵抗和遗传易感性密切相关的代谢应激性肝损伤[1]。

基于关联规则的互联网医疗服务平台在肿瘤患者诊疗管理中的应用

目的探讨基于FP-Growth算法的有效强关联规则分析在肿瘤患者诊疗管理中的应用。方法在现有互联网医疗服务平台和电子病历系统基础上增加FP-Growth算法功能,通过FP-Growth算法挖掘2017年12月-2021年12月样本医院肿瘤放射治疗中心2075例患者和其中高危群体患者基线资料间的有效强关联规则,并将之用于肿瘤放射治疗中心。结果FP-Growth算法共反馈有效强关联规则15条,其中全部患者10条、高危群体患者5条,根据反馈结果调整了肿瘤放射治疗中心患者的治疗方案。结论增加了FP-Growth算法功能的互联网医疗服务平台具有临床应用价值。

血清Ephrin-A1、CTRP9对糖尿病性视网膜病变的诊断价值及与机体氧化应激的相关性分析

目的分析血清肝配蛋白A1(Ephrin-A1)、C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白9(CTRP9)对糖尿病性视网膜病变的诊断价值及与机体氧化应激的相关性。方法回顾性选择自2021年1月至2023年1月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院接诊的80例糖尿病性视网膜病变患者作为观察组,另选同期的80例单纯2型糖尿病患者作为对照组。检测两组患者血清Ephrin-A1、CTRP9及氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛],分析不同分期的糖尿病性视网膜病变患者血清Ephrin-A1、CTRP9水平的差异性,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Ephrin-A1、CTRP9对糖尿病性视网膜病变的诊断效能,Pearson相关性分析糖尿病性视网膜病变患者血清Ephrin-A1、CTRP9水平与机体氧化应激指标的相关性。结果观察组血清Ephrin-A1水平为(7.81±2.34)ng/mL,高于对照组[(2.25±0.76)ng/mL],CTRP9水平为(98.17±10.13)pg/mL,低于对照组[(156.42±15.89)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组血清SOD、GSH水平分别为(50.14±5.63)U/L、(142.34±13.98)mg/L,均低于对照组[(73.52±8.52)U/L、(189.71±23.56)mg/L],丙二醛水平为(6.89±3.07)μmol/L,高于对照组[(3.56±1.02)μmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增生型糖尿病性视网膜病变患者血清Ephrin-A1为(15.42±4.80)ng/mL,高于非增生型糖尿病性视网膜病变患者[(6.09±2.11)ng/mL],CTRP9水平为(75.25±6.73)pg/mL,低于非增生型糖尿病性视网膜病变患者[(119.46±13.08)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析,血清Ephrin-A1联合CTRP9诊断糖尿病性视网膜病变的敏感度为92.68%、特异度为53.69%、AUC为0.931。经Pearson相关性分析,糖尿病性视网膜病变患者血清Ephrin-A1与SOD、GSH呈负相关,与丙二醛呈正相关(P<0.05);CTRP9水平与SOD、GSH呈正相关,与丙二醛呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论血清Ephrin-A1联合CTRP9可提高对糖尿病性视网膜病变的诊断效能,其中机体氧化应激与Ephrin-A1呈正性关联,与CTRP9呈负性关联,值得进一步研究应用。

HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎免疫重建综合征研究进展

免疫重建综合征是HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎常见的并发症,该并发症的发生增加了HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎的死亡率。目前,对于HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎免疫重建综合征的发病机制尚不清楚,给该病的防治带来了困难。本文综述了HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎免疫重建综合征发病机制、危险因素及诊疗新进展。

甲状腺相关眼病临床诊治规范的述评

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是一种自身免疫性眼眶炎症性疾病,是成年人最常见的眼眶疾病。在临床诊治过程中,很多医生对该病认识不足,诊断和处理方面存在一些误区。本文总结了TAO与甲状腺疾病的关系、TAO的诊断、影像检查、TAO病情判断、治疗方案选择等方面存在的误区,并对其作一评述,以提高内分泌科和眼科医生对该病的认识水平,避免误诊误治。

冠心病患者血清Lp-PLA2、VEGF、S100-β水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系研究

目的 探讨冠心病(CHD)患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶(Lp-PLA2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、中枢神经特异性蛋白(S100-β)水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法 选取2022年3月至2023年2月该院收治的126例CHD患者作为CHD组,另选取同期该院102例体检健康者作为对照组。比较CHD组和对照组及CHD组冠状动脉病变不同程度患者Lp-PLA2、VEGF、S100-β水平差异。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Lp-PLA2、VEGF、S100-β水平对CHD的诊断效能。结果 CHD组血清Lp-PLA2、VEGF、S100-β水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CHD组冠状动脉病变不同程度患者血清Lp-PLA2、VEGF、S100-β水平随着冠状动脉病变程度增加,水平升高(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,Lp-PLA2单项检测诊断CHD的灵敏度和特异度分别为78.8%、93.3%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.913(95%CI:0.522~0.974),优于S100-β单项检测(Z=2.289,P<0.05),3项指标联合检测的灵敏度和特异度分别为74.1%、93.5%,AUC为0.921(95%CI:0.812~0.979),优于VEGF、S100-β单项检测,差异有统计学意义(Z=1.936、2.361,P<0.05)。结论 CHD患者血清Lp-pLA2、VEGF、S100-β水平高于健康人群,3项指标单项及联合检测在诊断CHD方面有一定的辅助参考价值。

代谢相关(非酒精性)脂肪性肝病防治指南(2024年版)

中华医学会肝病学分会组织相关专家对《非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南(2018更新版)》进行了修订,更名为《代谢相关(非酒精性)脂肪性肝病防治指南(2024年版)》,对代谢相关脂肪性肝病的筛查和监测、诊断和评估、治疗和随访等临床问题提出了指导性建议。

基于优先级诊断树的工控网络入侵数据关联挖掘方法

研究基于优先级诊断树的工控网络入侵数据关联挖掘方法,提高工控网络入侵数据挖掘能力。采用网格搜索与模拟退火算法相结合的方法得出SVM提取器最优参数,通过SVM提取器提取工控网络入侵数据特征,运用粗糙集约简工控网络入侵数据特征属性,降低工控网络入侵挖掘的数据样本冗余特征属性。将约简的特征作为优先级诊断树的输入,依据工控网络入侵数据关联挖掘准则,使用优先级诊断树实现工控网络入侵数据关联挖掘。实验结果表明,该方法平均误报率为1.38%,检测率大于90%,挖掘时间低于3.6 s,在-6~26 dB归一化空间谱范围内,均能有效地实现工控网络入侵信号数据挖掘且检测效果最优。

基于适配体-MOF模拟酶比色检测bPAG9

该研究基于金属有机框架Fe-MIL-101和双适配体夹心原理建立了一种比色检测牛妊娠相关糖蛋白9(bPAG9)的新方法。将生物素化适配体1固定在微孔板上作为捕获探针,Fe-MIL-101功能化的适配体2作为信号探针,当测试样品中含有bPAG9时,适配体1和适配体2与bPAG9结合,在固相载体表面形成双适配体夹心结构,随后适配体2偶联的Fe-MIL-101催化无色过氧化物酶底物产生比色输出信号,通过比色信号的变化即可实现对bPAG9的定性和定量分析。结果显示:在优化条件下,bPAG9在缓冲液中的线性检测范围为0.5~50 ng/mL(r=0.996),检出限为0.13 ng/mL。bPAG9在空白血清中的加标回收率为89.4%~104%,相对标准偏差小于10%。将该方法应用于人工受精28 d的奶牛血清检测,妊娠诊断结果显示,该法的诊断敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为92.5%、90.0%和91.5%。所建方法具有无创、简便、经济等特点,在奶牛早孕检测领域具有良好的应用前景。

代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病诊疗进展

代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,MASLD)是全球最常见的慢性肝病之一,成人患病率约为32%[1],目前是欧美国家65岁以上人群和女性患者肝移植的首位病因。我国是脂肪肝患者人数及增长率最快的国家,在不远的将来会带来沉重的疾病负担。2024年3月,第一个专门治疗脂肪肝的新药Resmetirom得到美国FDA的批准,将脂肪肝的治疗带入新时代[2]。

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白在克罗恩病临床诊断中的应用价值

克罗恩病(CD)是一种以慢性、非特异性炎症为特征的自身免疫性肠道疾病,其病因及发病机制仍未明确。中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)是从中性粒细胞中分离出的一种分泌性糖蛋白,广泛参与肠道炎症反应、细胞凋亡、肿瘤进展等病理生理过程。NGAL在CD的临床诊断及活动性监测方面具有生物标志物的潜能。就NGAL在CD不同临床样本中的应用价值进行综述,以期为CD的临床诊治提供参考。

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和生长分化因子15在高血压肾损伤中的诊断价值

目的探讨血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、生长分化因子15(GDF-15)联合检测在老年H型高血压患者肾损伤中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年4月至2022年6月承德医学院附属医院神经内科及全科医疗科收治的H型高血压患者177例,依据估算肾小球滤过率分为肾功能损伤组81例和肾功能正常组96例。收集2组患者一般资料、实验室检查指标,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清NGAL、GDF-15联合检测对老年H型高血压患者肾损伤的诊断价值,Pearson相关性分析血清NGAL、GDF-15水平与老年H型高血压患者肾损伤的相关性。结果肾功能损伤组收缩压水平高于肾功能正常组[(148.53±14.62)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(138.75±13.36)mm Hg,P<0.01],2组舒张压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肾功能损伤组肌酐、尿素、β_2微球蛋白(β_2-MG)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、尿微量白蛋白(MA)、NGAL及GDF-15水平高于肾功能正常组(P<0.01);ROC曲线分析显示,NGAL、GDF-15联合检测显著高于NGAL、GDF-15单独检测(P<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清NGAL、GDF-15水平与肌酐、尿素、β_2-MG、Cys C、MA水平均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论老年H型高血压患者出现肾损伤后血清NGAL、GDF-15水平升高,血清NGAL、GDF-15联合检测在老年H型高血压患者肾损伤诊断中具有较高的诊断价值。