Spatial changes and driving factors of lake water quality in Inner Mongolia, China

Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.

Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

Water Quality Analysis of Fuping Section of the Shichuan River Based on Different Evaluation Methods

In order to study the water quality of the Shichuan River basin in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,based on improved Nemerow index method,comprehensive pollution index method and principal component analysis method,eight water quality indexes such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),COD,total hardness,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and Zn in three monitoring sections of Fuping section of the Shichuan River in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed.The results show that the water quality of the surface water in the Shichuan River basin is gradeⅢorⅣwater,that is,the water is slightly polluted and moderately polluted.It is necessary to monitor the water quality after regulation and clarify the main factors causing the water pollution.

高质量发展视角下京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价研究

为综合评价京津冀地区的高质量发展水平,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个维度构建高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值-变异系数综合赋权法计算指标权重,利用线性加权法构建综合评价指数模型测度京津冀地区WEF系统高质量发展的水平,并基于灰色关联度模型探究影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子与维度。结果表明:2011—2021年京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价指数呈现上升趋势,空间尺度上3个省市的均值排序为北京市>河北省>天津市;京津冀地区WEF系统各维度指数表现出不同的时空特征,其中共享维度表现出下降趋势,创新维度的空间差异性最显著;粮食产量、生活耗能占比、万元GDP耗能量、生活用水量占比、第三产业耗能占比等指标是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子,协调与共享是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键维度,本研究可为区域资源高水平管理提供科学的理论依据。

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin.To date,there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream.Moreover,little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)by the game theory.Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019.Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution,and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution.Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors.In terms of this study,an improved comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities,and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments.By contrast,water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation.The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data,but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators,whose results are relatively reasonable.All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.

黄河流域中小河流水质评价的比较研究

我国中小河流众多,流域面积覆盖了全国85%的城镇及广大农村地区,是区域生产生活用水的主要来源和污染负荷排放的接纳者.开展中小河流水质综合评价对于客观、准确地评价水环境质量状况,制订水污染防治整体规划具有重要意义.以黄河流域河南省2条典型中小河流为研究对象,在识别河流水污染状况的基础上,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价4种方法对水质现状进行了综合评价,探讨了不同方法在中小河流水质评价中的适用性.结果表明:2条中小河流主要污染指标为NH_(3)-N、挥发酚及TP;水质标识指数法的评价结果与可靠性分析中的水质评价结果一致性最高,该方法得到的水质类别结果更加可靠.

太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化特征分析

为了解太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化,于2022年6—9月,在芦苇湿地时空分布调查的基础上,分别采集典型湖滨带芦苇湿地表层水体样品,测定pH、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)等水质理化指标,并对湿地水质时空变化特征和水体富营养化状态进行分析。结果表明,所调查的7片芦苇湿地中pH、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、水温(WT)月间变化差异均极显著(p<0.01),COD Mn月间差异显著(p<0.05),但TN、TP、NH+4-N和Chl-a月间变化无显著差异(p>0.05)。所有水质理化指标在竺山湾、月亮湾、梅梁湾和贡湖湾芦苇湿地间均具有显著差异性(p<0.05)。湿地夏季水体基本呈中度或重度富营养化状态,时间上8月水质最差,地理位置上月亮湾最差。太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地水体属于磷限制型,限制磷元素的输入可有效控制湖滨带苇区水体富营养化的程度。

2022年西部某市农村生活饮用水水质综合评价

目的评价西部某市农村生活饮用水水质卫生现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法收集西部某市2022年农村生活饮用水监测数据,应用水质综合指数法来评价分析该市农村饮用水的水质。结果西部某市2022年农村饮用水水质综合指数(water quality index,WQI)的M(P_(25),P_(75))为0.85(0.65,1.04),整体水质优良率为72.2%;地下水的WQI值及水质优良率均优于地表水,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);大规模供水水厂(日供水≥1000 m^(3))的WQI值及水质优良率均优于小规模水厂(日供水<1000 m^(3)),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);消毒水样的WQI值及水质优良率均优于未消毒水样,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响该地区水质的主要不达标指标有8项,其中微生物指标1项、毒理学指标3项及一般化学指标4项。结论西部某市2022年农村生活饮用水总体水质良好。水源类型、供水规模和是否消毒等是影响该市农村饮用水水质及优良率的重要因素。

采煤塌陷湿地水质与富营养化评价

PAH湿地公园作为采煤沉陷区生态修复而设计的生态湿地公园,其修复后的湖泊水质情况备受关注。本研究于2023年10月在PAH北湖布置13个采样点,研究分析了氧化还原电位、水温、pH、溶解氧、电导率、透明度、五日生化需氧量、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮、氨氮、总磷、叶绿素、化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数共15项指标,对其水质和富营养化进行评价。结果表明,北湖内梅罗污染指数均值为0.86,其水质处于清洁状态。综合营养水平指数均值为59.98,北湖水体整体上处于轻度富营养化和中度富营养化的临界状态,北湖部分理化指标呈明显空间异质性。

基于WQI的河网水系水质评价及时空特性分析

为全面了解上海市主要河网水质的变化情况,基于2015~2020年主要河流上19个水质监测断面逐月水质监测数据,采用综合水质标识指数(WQI)进行水质评价,基于M-K趋势检验法分析研究区域水质的年代际和年内变化特征,通过比较南北部河流以及上、中、下游的水质变化,分析该地区主要河网水系水质的空间变化及时空差异特性。结果表明,上海市主要河网水系水质整体WQI均值为62.32,水质评价等级为中等;水质WQI值有显著上升趋势;南部河流水质优于北部河流,WQI值从上游向下游依次减小,水质沿程有所变差,但干流水质总体优于支流。研究结果可为类似河网水系的水质评价及水环境保护与管理提供参考。

城市园林景观对河道水污染的防治效果研究

针对城市水污染日益严重的问题,提出城市园林景观对河道水污染的防治效果研究。采集滨河公园河道各采样点水体样本,以理化指标、重金属和类金属含量及对应WQI和TLI评估上、下游水质。分析后可知,园林景观对河道水污染防治作用明显,且部分指标间存在关联作用,进一步分析植被过滤带、台地式石笼护岸、河岸斜坡式缓冲带和生态浮岛中各种植类型的净化效果,实验分析得出各种植类型均具备防治效果,其中乔灌木群落栽植效果最佳,因地制宜地结合各种植类型能够有效防治河道水污染。

软土地区深基坑降水地表重金属污染对周边环境的影响研究

软土地区深基坑施工会涉及大量土方开挖和基坑排水操作,增加了土壤流动性。降水天气会加快土壤重金属污染物的释放和流动速度,污染附近的土壤以及水体。为此,研究软土地区深基坑降水地表重金属污染对周边环境的影响。调查江苏省深基坑工程施工现状,采集调研地区的土壤与水样,确定实验材料和实验仪器。实验表明,通过单因子污染指数、综合污染指数、内梅罗指数验证了重金属污染对周边环境具有明显的污染影响,深基坑工程较多的工业区中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu的含量较高,降水过程会加重该影响,且软土地区深基坑施工对周边水体的影响较大。

2018-2022年九甸峡水库水质评价及变化趋势分析

作为黄河上游重要的地级地表水水源地,甘肃省甘南生态环境监测中心每月对九甸峡水库开展水质监测。2018年至2022年监测结果表明:九甸峡水库水质类别达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅱ类标准,水质状况优,水质达标率为100%。以高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、五日生化需氧量(BOD_(5))、氨氮、氟化物、砷、硫酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐等8项监测指标为基础,采用综合污染指数评价方法和水质变化趋势分析方法,得出:8项监测指标综合污染指数均小于0.2,表明水质状况好;8项监测指标秩相关系数r_(s)均小于临界值W_(p),表明在2018-2022年内九甸峡水库水质变化趋势平稳,水质持续优良,未发生水质污染现象。

基于三种水质指数方法的万泉河口健康评价

为了解海南万泉河口的水质变化特征现状,以2021年5月至2022年5月的溶氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷以及五日生化需氧量为水质指标,分别采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和改进的灰色关联分析法对水质状况进行了分析与评价,并对三种评价方法的结果进行比较.结果表明:万泉河口各个位点都受到了不同程度的污染,多数位点的溶氧量和总氮含量超过中国Ⅲ类水环境质量标准,其中以位于沙美内海最南端的位点和位于河口北侧狭窄河道的位点污染最为严重,总氮和生化需氧量含量超过中国Ⅲ类水环境质量标准,并且污染程度呈现明显的季节性变化,旱季的污染程度较雨季更高.同单因子评价法与综合污染指数法相比,改进的灰色关联分析法能够较为全面且客观地评价污染物的影响,并能判断主要的污染物类别,可有效地进行水质评价.

基于综合水质标识指数法的农村环境监测孝义河水质评价

农村生态环境保护是实现乡村振兴不可缺少的一环,农村环境质量监测是评价农村生态环境质量状况的前提条件。以保定农村环境监测中孝义河段监测为例,作为白洋淀上游最重要的入淀河流,科学合理评价孝义河水质,对掌握其水质变化规律有着重要意义。选取孝义河段2020-2023年6个监测断面4个主要水质指标COD_(Cr)、NH_(3)-N、TP、COD_(Mn),采用综合水质标识指数法对该河段水环境状况进行评价。结果表明:孝义河各断面的综合水质类别均达到或优于功能区的目标要求。但对单项污染指标进行评价时发现,下游思乡桥断面主要存在的污染指标因子为COD_(Mn)和COD_(Cr)。从评价结果来看,综合水质标识指数法能更准确直观地反映孝义河不同区域、不同时段的水质特征及差异。研究结果可为该流域水污染防治提供理论依据,为保定市农村区域生态环境保护工作提供数据支持。

清远市南部淡水养殖鱼塘水质抽样调查与污染评价

选取清远市南部水产养殖区5镇抽样调查的12个典型水产养殖淡水鱼塘的水质进行抽样检测,同时采用环境污染指数评价法对检测结果进行评价。结果表明溶解氧较丰富,pH值和水温基本符合鱼类生长要求,但是主要污染指标COD_(Cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP超标率分别为90%、33.3%、95%以上,其中TP污染负荷分担率最高,在25.9%~65.71%之间,鱼塘尾水直接排放,氮、磷有污染周边水体风险。

三种水质评价方法运用于嘉陵江汉中段水质分析对比

采用单因子评价法、综合水质标识指数法、灰色聚类法三种水质分析方法 ,对2022年1月~12月嘉陵江汉中段主干断面水质状况进行分析。根据三种分析方法的评价结果 ,对比分析可得:单因子评价法,简单易行,并且对评价结果要求更严格;综合水质标识指数法更适用于污染程度大的水质分析;灰色聚类法适用于同一水质类别的水质状况优劣程度的对比分析。

大黑河呼和浩特段近十年水环境质量变化特征分析

依据大黑河呼和浩特段2013—2022年间的水质监测数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法及Spearman秩相关系数法对大黑河水质状况进行综合分析评价,为全面掌握大黑河水环境质量变化趋势提供技术支撑。分析发现,近十年来大黑河水质污染状况变化显著,水环境质量改善明显。

综合水质标识指数法在衢江渔业水域水质评价中的应用

为了促进渔业绿色高效发展,加强对渔业环境监测和治理,针对衢江段水域环境指标进行长期监测,并应用综合水质标识指数法对该渔业水域进行评价。结果表明,衢江渔业水质能够满足不同功能区的需要。2017—2021年衢江水质在波动中提升,特别是源头水质提升明显,分析结果与历年衢州渔业水质通报相符,这一方面说明采用综合水质标识指数法对水体的水质评价效果较好,另一方面也表明通过加大渔业水域生态调控与治理能够有效地改善区域水环境。

基于地理探测器的流域水污染影响因子分析

流域水污染影响因子分析是开展水污染防治的基础工作,研究提出了一种基于地理探测器的流域水污染影响因素定量分析方法,并在滏阳河流域进行了应用。文章利用地理探测器定量探测水污染的重点影响因子,采用标准差椭圆揭示了流域水污染的时空演变特征与重点影响因子的空间分布特征。结果表明:滏阳河流域的工业与环保类因素对水污染空间分布的影响最显著,其中环境治理投资、工业废水排放量、工业企业数影响较大;各个因子对水污染空间分布的影响存在交互增强作用;同类影响因子间对水污染空间分布不存在显著性差异;滏阳河流域水污染空间分布随工业发展,呈现出范围有所扩大,分布重心向西南方向偏移,在地理空间上呈扩张分散化的趋势;同时,流域水污染与影响因子在空间分布上具有相似性。