Local perceptions of the conversion of cropland to forestland program in Jiangxi, Shaanxi, and Sichuan, China

Numerous land-use policies have been implemented in China in recent decades for ecological restoration and conservation to reduce environmental disasters and promote environmental sustainability.Many of these policies follow a top-down approach to implementation and as such,emphasize the hierarchical control within government structures.An understanding of local perceptions of land-use policies is important if the disconnect between policy makers and the target population is to be reduced and if program support is to improve.This study aimed to help improve local implementation,attitude toward,and engagement by examining the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the target population’s(local farmers)perception of the conversion of cropland to forestland program(CFPP)land use policy in Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shaanxi provinces.It uses logistical regression models,with robust aspects of perception including confidence,support,transparency,prospects,fairness,and willingness to participate.Results indicate that social aspects as well as economic aspects are most important in influencing farmers’perceptions towards the CFPP.The farmers who have received technical support,rural male habitants,educated,and non-middle-aged farmers exhibit more positive perceptions of the program and are much more likely to support it,whereas farmers without any technical support or formal education,and female and middle-aged farmers are less likely to support the program.Importantly,this study also reveals the differences in responses,experiences and perceptions of the farmers living across different provinces.These empirical results provide insight into the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the perception of farmers towards land-use policies,which has important implications for designing targeted policy instruments and increasing farmer support for these policies.This knowledge can be harnessed and further evaluated in future research to improve citizen engagement,support,and understanding in order to help ecological restoration and conservation objectives be more effectively achieved.

Local Perception on the Exploitation, the Current State and Taboos Related to Pangolins (Pholidota, Mammalia) by the Communities Living in the Tayna Nature Reserve and Its Surroundings (RNT) North Kivu DRC

Pangolins are currently considered the most endangered mammal species due to their high rank in local and international traffic. This species is protected in DRC and worldwide, unfortunately it is threatened by numerous human actions. The objective of this study is to identify the different reasons for which these animals are exploited, to provide information to determine from the opinions of the respondents the current state of the population from 2015 to today and to identify their hunting techniques by the local populations. We carried out surveys in the households of hunters, farmers and people practicing other professions in 12 villages, located within the RNT and surroundings areas. Two interview techniques were used: the individual interview and the participatory diagnostic technique. 175 people were interviewed individually. Nearly 97% of our respondents are motivated to consume pangolin as bush meat obtaining by hunting. The main reason for eating pangolin meat is 44% preference and 33% habit. The zone does not know the foreign solicitation of the exploitation of pangolins and its derivatives. The opinions of the population regarding the current state of pangolin in the Tayna Nature Reserve indicate that from 2015 to the present day the common pangolin “Manis tricuspis” has been abundant. Hunters use different hunting techniques, dominated by pickup for the Manis tricuspis, digging burrow, fire at the entrance of the burrow for Manis gigantea and the shotgun for the Manis tetradactyla.

The Perception of Locals and Visitors for Development on Internal Transports of Sukhothai Historical Park

This qualitative research aims to study the perception of locals and inbound visitors to develop the internal transport of Sukhothai Historical Park.The primary data were collected by observation,in-depth interview,and small group discussion from the key informants that include 19 locals and 17 visitors during November 2017 by purposive sampling.The data were analyzed by content analysis,categorizing,and thematising.The findings present the perception and attitudes of locals and visitors towards the internal transport as well as its problems of the Sukhothai Historical Park.By analysis of the collected data,the authors of this paper offer some solutions to develop and improve the park’s internal transport in several ways.

Local People＇s Perception of Forest Resources Conservation in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study examines local people＇s perception of forest resources （FR） conservation around two plantation forest reserves （PFR） and two natural forest reserves （NFR） in Ekiti State in order to determine the factors that can contribute to sustainable FR conservation. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect data from 240 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. 75.0% and 86.1% of respondents around PFR recognized the importance of conserving the FR for economic benefits and biodiversity respectively, while 66.7% would not want the FR conserved for cultural values. 82.9% of respondents around NFR would want the FR conserved for economic benefits, while 74.3% and 66.7% would not want the forest conserved for cultural values and biodiversity respectively. For efficient conservation, participation in forest management and involvement in decision making with means of 3.45 and 3.52 ranked highest in PFR and NFR respectively. Probit regression analysis showed that in PFR and NFR, age, education and income were positively significant to FR conservation （p 〈 0.05）. Creating an enabling environment that will make local people appreciate historical cultural values of the forest for tourism is essential for efficient FR conservation in the study area.

Peoples’ Perception and Conservation of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soóin Manaslu Conservation Area, Central Nepal

The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed the local peoples’ perception on its population status, its availability, factors causing its decline and management practices of this terrestrial orchids. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to gather information targeting the age group between 25 and 60 years (n = 75, 45 male and 30 female). Most of the informants (76%) believe that the abundance of this orchid is declining. Over grazing of domestic animals, over harvesting and lack of awareness among the local community were determined to be the major causes of decline of D. hatagirea in the study area. Protection measures as prescribed by the informants were control grazing, raising awareness among the individuals and sustainable harvestings for the long-term conservation of the species. Systematic management plans that incorporate the participation of local individuals and prioritization of their views will be applicable for the proper conservation of the species.

Community＇s Perceptions on Their Own Environment toward Disaster Mitigation and Prevention： A Case Study of Menteng Atas - Jakarta, Indonesia

Menteng Atas is a sub district （Kelurahan） in Southern Jakarta - Indonesia, under the district （Kecamatan） of Setiabudi. As a common crowded settlement in urban area, this location facing multi problems related to physical environment. Built environment with very high density and not well-arranged of fronts and position, also do not meet standards of healthy construction and environment are the main problems of Menteng Atas that brings to disasters such as flooding and fire. This paper explored how members of Menteng Atas community perceive their everyday surroundings within the context of an environment that has rapidly changed, primarily due to urban development. This paper also discuss how far they aware about their environment, the disasters prevention, and what they wants for the future of their environment. The study was start from the inside of the local community. Symbolic communication varies from one situation to the next were founded by studying the accounts, explanations, and social action that are meaningful to a group of people. This paper is trying to present and identify perception of host community on their own environment especially related to disasters prevention, and end up with some recommendations to achieve sustainable housing and settlement at this area.

Evaluation of Social Perception on Water Issues in Cameron Highlands （Malaysia） by Principle Factor Analysis

Dealing with water resources issues requires understanding of the community perception. It is important to create a communicative partnership between community and government towards sustainable water resources management. Opinion survey is an essential step to gather the point of view from local community. However, it always generates a large and complex dataset that are difficult to be interpreted by decision maker. In order to overcome this difficulty, statistical methods are applied to develop an interpretability model for decision maker. This study demonstrated the application of Descriptive Analysis and Principle Factor Analysis （PFA） to reduce the complexity of opinion survey dataset by revealing underlying information. A total of 106 respondents were interviewed; consisting of 68 male and 38 female respondents respectively. This study first applied descriptive analysis to identify the basic score for each variable, and these variables are soil erosion （68.9%）, degradation of water quality （65.1%）, degradation of freshwater ecosystem （61.0%）, water shortage （50%）, agricultural solid waste problem （46.2%）, water borne diseases （23.6%）, illegal land clearing （21.7%）, legal land clearing （15.1%）, uncontrolled river water abstraction in upstream （54.7%））, poor solid waste management （34.0%）, low awareness of local community （61.3%）, haphazard planning and development （74.5%） and administration mistake （37.0%）. Based on the PFA result, a total of four rotated factors were extracted, representing different aspects of water related issues in Cameron Highlands. Factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 were summarised to four topics namely： （1） water environment degradation caused by illegal solid waste disposal and low awareness of community, （2） agricultural development leading to negative impacts on water resources such as water shortage and ecosystem deterioration, （3） land clearing activity leading to serious land erosion （4） human health problem due to e-coli bacterial pollution and administration mistake on land development in Cameron Highlands.

Gendered Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change among Lo­cal Communities Living around Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda

Climate change affects both men and women which,in turn,shapes their varied and contrasting perceptions of climate variability and change.This paper examined the gendered perceptions of climate variability and change among local communities in Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda.The objectives are threefold:-identify climatic shocks faced by the local communities;examine the perceptions of men and women of climate variability and change;and to compare their perceptions with empirical meteorological data.This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods,with data collected from 215 respondents using survey,interviews and focused group discussions.From the findings,indicators of climate variability and change included reduced flooding events,occurrence of human diseases,increasing crop pests and diseases,dry spells and intensity of rains.There was increasing significant temperatures while rainfall was declining.Both male and female significantly associated with increasing temperatures and reduced flooding events.While climatic shocks affected both males and females,the impact was more pronounced depending on distinct livelihood activities and roles and responsibilities undertaken.The study concluded that people’s perceptions of climate change should be taken on by the government and integrated in the national climate programs that support people’s livelihoods and survival mechanisms.

地方智慧旅游公共服务平台持续使用意愿研究

地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的建设和运营已经成为各地全域旅游建设与发展的重要组成部分,但是平台的持续使用一直是学术和行业界讨论的重点。文章以“游云南”平台为案例,基于刺激-机体-反应理论框架,运用混合研究方法对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的持续使用意愿进行研究,并提出“因素-感知-使用”地方智慧旅游公共服务平台持续使用意愿综合分析模型,得到如下研究结果。1)在地感知、地方依恋均能够显著提高游客对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的感知信任和情感依恋,进而提高满意度。其中,平台情感依恋在提高平台持续使用意愿方面具有显著正向作用。具体而言,在地感知会通过信息拓展、形象匹配之机制,地方依恋会通过情感外溢、期待满足之机制促进平台情感依恋和信任的产生,并最终提高持续使用意愿。2)功能集群、享乐体验均能够显著提高游客对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的感知有用性、感知易用性和感知信任,进而提高游客使用满意度,最终提高持续使用意愿。功能集群通过“信息全面、减少成本”之机制,享乐体验通过“逃离惯常、精美设计”之机制影响游客对平台的积极感知。

智能消毒机器人移动平台导航系统研究

新冠疫情肆虐全球,环境消毒是阻断病毒传播的首要技术手段,智能消毒机器人的研究具有重要现实意义。设计并搭建了集环境感知和导航于一体的消毒机器人移动平台,对主流的激光SLAM(同步定位与地图创建)算法进行了研究和实现;采用轮式里程计和IMU数据相融合的方法提高了移动平台定位的准确性;为实现移动平台对周围环境的感知和识别功能,提出了一种基于视觉的目标距离监测方法,提高了移动平台在实际工作中的智能化和可靠性。基于所建立的地图进行了移动平台的避障和导航实验,结果表明移动平台能有效、可靠地完成自主导航,满足消毒机器人的移动需求。

基于局部感知的点云语义分割方法

点云语义分割技术是点云数据处理、三维场景理解与分析的有效手段之一。针对点云场景中局部形态各异,导致网络模型识别特征困难的问题,提出了邻域分布关系学习和混合尺度融合的方法,来增强局部感知能力。在卷积算子思想的基础上,根据邻域内所有点在三个坐标轴方向上的联合分布,学习其在高维特征层面的关系,从而捕获局部的整体相关性。此外,将包含小范围底层特征和大范围深层特征的邻域进行整体融合,有效保留不同层级的特征,并能够辅助网络修正相似或错误特征。在场景分割数据集S3DIS、ScanNet上进行实验验证,结果表明该方法在总体精度和类均精度的评价指标上均有提升,证明了其有效性。

面向未知环境的自主无人机智能感知测量技术

智能化测绘的发展对数据采集高效性、完备性和智能性提出了更高的要求。尤其是在林下等GNSS拒止环境下,现有传统手段往往难以完成高效率、高覆盖率测量。为了满足未知环境的智能化感知测量需求,以无人机为移动平台,本文设计并提出了一种融合视觉在线自主定位及全局探测路径规划的自主无人机智能感知测量技术与总体框架。本文首先设计并采用了一种基于点线特征的VIO(visual-inertial odometry)在线定位算法,通过点线特征的提取和匹配进行初始位姿的解算,之后利用因子图优化实时地输出无人机高精度的位姿信息。进一步地,为了实现无人机对于未知环境高效且高覆盖率的自主测量,采用了一种顾及多层次信息的全局最优探测路径规划方法确定局部最佳探测目标,然后通过轨迹搜索和优化算法实时地生成高质量的探测运动轨迹。通过自主搭建无人机平台对该技术框架进行了验证,分步对比和总体真实试验表明框架设计并采用的定位及空间探测方法相较于目前具有代表性的方法具有明显优势,并且在GNSS拒止局部林下环境中实现了高效高覆盖率的全自主测量,为未知场景进一步的在线智能化感知奠定了良好的理论方法与框架基础。

面向港口环境精细感知的无人船多传感器融合SLAM系统

针对港口环境高精度感知需求,综合考虑影响同时定位与建图(SLAM)精度的港口环境因素,提出基于多传感器融合的激光SLAM环境感知方案。通过分析多种传感器对港口SLAM环境感知的影响,引入惯性测量传感器弥补激光SLAM输出频率低和剧烈运动位姿估计不准确等缺陷,采用卫星定位系统信息进行高程数据约束,处理船舶运动特性导致的垂荡累计漂移。从应用需求出发,对传感器进行选型和布置优化,搭建基于无人船的港口环境多传感器融合SLAM系统。结果表明,提出的港口环境高精度点云地图获取方案能在典型港口场景下准确实时建图,为水面精细SLAM提供技术支持。

退化环境中基于空间几何特征的激光SLAM方法

针对同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)在无全球定位系统(GPS)信号、缺乏环境特征纹理的退化环境中出现定位失败、建图重叠漂移和无法实时运行的问题,提出了一种基于空间几何特征的激光SLAM方法。算法前端设计了一种基于空间线面几何特征的特征点提取方式,依据点线面约束构建点云配准残差函数,采用高斯-牛顿法优化残差以实现点云配准。算法后端基于关键帧构建子图,通过子图间的map-to-map匹配来获得精确位姿,采用插值融合前后端位姿,实现了全局定位优化。仿真与实际退化环境中的实验结果表明:所提算法在20 m的里程计测试中位姿估算误差小于5%;退化环境中的建图效果优于Hector、Gmapping和Cartographer算法,地图更新平均速度提高近4倍。

大数据分析能力对企业数字化转型的影响:地方政策感知的调节效应

我国地方政策鼓励企业数字化转型,企业如何实施数字化转型成为众多学者关注的问题。基于动态能力理论和环境适应学派的理论观点,采用问卷数据进行实证分析,探讨大数据分析能力对企业数字化转型的影响以及地方政策感知的调节作用。结果表明,大数据分析能力对处于初始准备阶段、践行实施阶段和深度探索阶段的企业数字化转型均具有积极影响。地方政策感知正向调节大数据分析能力与处于初始准备阶段、践行实施阶段企业数字化转型的关系,但对大数据分析能力与处于深度探索阶段企业数字化转型关系的调节作用不显著。结论可深化对企业数字化转型的解读,并为政府根据企业所处数字化转型阶段精准施策提供参考。

面向超分辨率重建的层次间局部特征增强网络

基于卷积神经网络的超分辨率重建模型以单项传播为主,层次越靠后感知信息的能力越微弱,导致层次间局部特征部分丢失,难以实质提升网络的特征表达能力。针对此问题,提出层次间局部特征增强网络。该方法由级联残差模块、层次间特征增强块和特征感知注意力机制组成。级联残差模块通过有效残差连接增加对残差分支信息的利用;层次间特征增强块提取不同深度特征的依赖关系,自适应调整中间层特征权值增强捕获关键信息的能力;特征感知注意力机制采用方向感知和位置判断的方式准确定位和识别感兴趣对象。多项标准数据集的实验结果表明,该方法能改善超分辨率的视觉重建效果,整体性能优于现有方法。

国家公园旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的影响机制——以神农架国家公园试点区为例

建立国家公园体制是我国建设生态文明、美丽中国以及实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化的重要抓手。当地社区居民是国家公园建设和管理的重要利益主体,也是参与国家公园自然保护的重要力量,如何培育当地居民积极的自然保护态度对于国家公园的建设和管理具有重要现实意义。以神农架国家公园试点区为例,基于刺激-有机体-反应(S-O-R)模型,引入地方依恋变量,构建了旅游影响感知、地方依恋和自然保护态度之间的结构关系模型,运用多群组嵌套结构方程模型(SEM)揭示了国家公园发展旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的影响机制。研究表明:(1)神农架国家公园试点区居民对旅游影响的感知对其自然保护态度有显著的直接影响;(2)地方依恋在神农架国家公园试点区居民旅游影响感知与其自然保护态度之间发挥着中介作用;(3)在旅游影响感知、地方依恋和自然保护态度之间的结构关系上,参与旅游的居民和未参与旅游的居民之间存在显著的群体差异。主要表现为前者对负面旅游影响的感知对其地方依恋感和自然保护态度均没有显著影响,而后者对负面旅游影响的感知对其地方依恋感和自然保护态度有显著影响。研究的理论贡献主要有两点:一是通过引入地方依恋作为中介变量,揭示了国家公园旅游影响当地居民自然保护态度的作用路径;二是通过参与旅游居民和未参与旅游居民两个群体的比较分析,进一步揭示了国家公园旅游影响当地居民自然保护态度的群体差异。

品牌本土化进程中的文化混搭形式对消费者感知的影响

国际品牌在进入东道国市场时,常会采取文化混搭手段,以赢得目标人群积极的品牌态度。但不当的文化混搭可能会对品牌产生难以预计的负面影响。本研究根据代表性品牌的文化混搭实践,从文化符号的象征等三方面测试消费者的文化入侵感知和创新感知。研究结果显示:使用象征符号更易引发消费者的文化入侵感知,其中象征性空间占用带来的文化入侵感知最高、创新感知最低;混搭双方兼容度高时,对消费者的文化入侵感知没有显著影响,对创新感知呈正向影响;同品类之间的混搭对消费者的文化入侵感知和创新感知有统计意义上的显著影响,但在该实验对照组中对比可知其对消费者感知的影响作用有限。

现代商贸城市景观地方性感知研究

现代商贸城市因其商业繁荣促使外来人口大量涌入、城市景观日新月异,挖掘地方商贸文化传统、发挥现代商贸产业特色、塑造城市景观独特性,并由此巩固居民与城市的情感联系、激发人的能动性、传承发展景观地方性是迫切需要探讨的命题。以全球最大的小商品集散地中国义乌为案例,通过文献梳理与实地踏勘对义乌商贸景观地方性感知进行提炼,利用调查问卷与SPSS、ArcG IS探析地方商贸景观对居民感知的影响以及各类居民群体对义乌商贸景观地方性的感知特征。结果表明:(1)居民对义乌地方性的感知和认同有利于景观地方性的传承和发展;(2)义乌商贸地方性构建过程的生活化与参与性增强了居民感知韧性;(3)商贸景观地方性传承发展具有多元潜力;(4)义乌商贸景观地方性感知由于感知主体的差异呈现出情感多样性。基于研究结果,提出通过明确定义感知节点、塑造地方商贸景观品牌、引导商贸景观地方性自驱发展,建构义乌商贸景观感知整体格局的适应性规划策略。旨在为现代商贸城市景观地方性的传承发展提供有益启示。

顾及通信延迟的车路协同高精度定位

近几年,随着智能交通和通信技术的发展,智能车路协同系统引起了广泛的关注。车辆的位置特征是智能交通中的基本元素。车路协同环境下,车辆可通过通信设备接收路侧端的定位信息进行自车定位。本文旨在解决车路协同环境中不稳定的通信延迟带来的定位误差的问题,提出了一种基于因子图的考虑通信延迟的车辆高精度定位模型。在GNSS的情况下,基于路侧激光雷达点云LiDAR聚类方法识别和定位目标车辆,通过4G通信网络将目标定位结果发送至车辆,采用因子图将当前时刻的车载惯性测量单元IMU测量信息与滞后的路侧目标定位结果直接融合,基于增量平滑推理方法,实现车辆位置、速度和姿态的最优估计。最后,结合实测和仿真数据,利用实车试验验证了本文方法,与传统处理时间延迟的外推法对比分析,结果表明本文方法可提高车辆的定位和测速精度,并消除了高度不稳定的通信延迟对定位的影响。