Retinal Vessel Segmentation via Adversarial Learning and Iterative Refinement

Retinal vessel segmentation is a challenging medical task owing to small size of dataset,micro blood vessels and low image contrast.To address these issues,we introduce a novel convolutional neural network in this paper,which takes the advantage of both adversarial learning and recurrent neural network.An iterative design of network with recurrent unit is performed to refine the segmentation results from input retinal image gradually.Recurrent unit preserves high-level semantic information for feature reuse,so as to output a sufficiently refined segmentation map instead of a coarse mask.Moreover,an adversarial loss is imposing the integrity and connectivity constraints on the segmented vessel regions,thus greatly reducing topology errors of segmentation.The experimental results on the DRIVE dataset show that our method achieves area under curve and sensitivity of 98.17%and 80.64%,respectively.Our method achieves superior performance in retinal vessel segmentation compared with other existing state-of-the-art methods.

Fast segmentation approach for SAR image based on simple Markov random field

Traditional image segmentation methods based on MRF converge slowly and require pre-defined weight. These disadvantages are addressed, and a fast segmentation approach based on simple Markov random field （MRF） for SAR image is proposed. The approach is firstly used to perform coarse segmentation in blocks. Then the image is modeled with simple MRF and adaptive variable weighting forms are applied in homogeneous and heterogeneous regions. As a result, the convergent speed is accelerated while the segmentation results in homogeneous regions and boarders are improved. Simulations with synthetic and real SAR images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Improved SLIC Segmentation Algorithm for Artificial Structure Images

Simple linear iterative cluster(SLIC) is widely used because controllable superpixel number, accurate edge covering, symmetrical production and fast speed of calculation. The main problem of the SLIC algorithm is its under-segmentation when applied to segment artificial structure images with unobvious boundaries and narrow regions. Therefore, an improved clustering segmentation algorithm to correct the segmentation results of SLIC is presented in this paper. The allocation of pixels is not only related to its own characteristic, but also to those of its surrounding pixels.Hence, it is appropriate to improve the standard SLIC through the pixels by focusing on boundaries. An improved SLIC method adheres better to the boundaries in the image is proposed, by using the first and second order difference operators as magnified factors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an excellent boundary adherence for artificial structure images. The application of the proposed method is extended to images with an unobvious boundary in the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset BSDS500. In comparison with SLIC, the boundary adherence is increased obviously.

A Local Contrast Fusion Based 3D Otsu Algorithm for Multilevel Image Segmentation

To overcome the shortcomings of 1 D and 2 D Otsu’s thresholding techniques, the 3 D Otsu method has been developed.Among all Otsu’s methods, 3 D Otsu technique provides the best threshold values for the multi-level thresholding processes. In this paper, to improve the quality of segmented images, a simple and effective multilevel thresholding method is introduced. The proposed approach focuses on preserving edge detail by computing the 3 D Otsu along the fusion phenomena. The advantages of the presented scheme include higher quality outcomes, better preservation of tiny details and boundaries and reduced execution time with rising threshold levels. The fusion approach depends upon the differences between pixel intensity values within a small local space of an image;it aims to improve localized information after the thresholding process. The fusion of images based on local contrast can improve image segmentation performance by minimizing the loss of local contrast, loss of details and gray-level distributions. Results show that the proposed method yields more promising segmentation results when compared to conventional1 D Otsu, 2 D Otsu and 3 D Otsu methods, as evident from the objective and subjective evaluations.

A Novel Method for Automated Lung Region Segmentation in Chest X-Ray Images

Detecting and segmenting the lung regions in chest X-ray images is an important part in artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis/detection (AI-CAD) systems for chest radiography. However, if the chest X-ray images themselves are used as training data for the AI-CAD system, the system might learn the irrelevant image-based information resulting in the decrease of system’s performance. In this study, we propose a lung region segmentation method that can automatically remove the shoulder and scapula regions, mediastinum, and diaphragm regions in advance from various chest X-ray images to be used as learning data. The proposed method consists of three main steps. First, employ the simple linear iterative clustering algorithm, the lazy snapping technique and local entropy filter to generate an entropy map. Second, apply morphological operations to the entropy map to obtain a lung mask. Third, perform automated segmentation of the lung field using the obtained mask. A total of 30 images were used for the experiments. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two other texture maps, namely, the maps created from the standard deviation filtering and the range filtering, were used for comparison. As a result, the proposed method using the entropy map was able to appropriately remove the unnecessary regions. In addition, this method was able to remove the markers present in the image, but the other two methods could not. The experimental results have revealed that our proposed method is a highly generalizable and useful algorithm. We believe that this method might act an important role to enhance the performance of AI-CAD systems for chest X-ray images.

MF~2ResU-Net:a multi-feature fusion deep learning architecture for retinal blood vessel segmentation

Objective For computer-aided Chinese medical diagnosis and aiming at the problem of insufficient segmentation,a novel multi-level method based on the multi-scale fusion residual neural network(MF2ResU-Net)model is proposed.Methods To obtain refined features of retinal blood vessels,three cascade connected UNet networks are employed.To deal with the problem of difference between the parts of encoder and decoder,in MF2ResU-Net,shortcut connections are used to combine the encoder and decoder layers in the blocks.To refine the feature of segmentation,atrous spatial pyramid pooling(ASPP)is embedded to achieve multi-scale features for the final segmentation networks.Results The MF2ResU-Net was superior to the existing methods on the criteria of sensitivity(Sen),specificity(Spe),accuracy(ACC),and area under curve(AUC),the values of which are 0.8013 and 0.8102,0.9842 and 0.9809,0.9700 and 0.9776,and 0.9797 and 0.9837,respectively for DRIVE and CHASE DB1.The results of experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the model in the segmentation of complex curvature and small blood vessels.Conclusion Based on residual connections and multi-feature fusion,the proposed method can obtain accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels by refining the segmentation features,which can provide another diagnosis method for computer-aided Chinese medical diagnosis.

A novel stepwise thresholding for fuzzy image segmentation

A novel stepwise thresholding method for fuzzy image segmentation is proposed. Unlike the published iterative or recursive thresholding mehtods, this method segments regions into sub-regions iteratively by increasing threshold value in a stepwise manner, based on a preset intensity homogeneity criteria. The method is particularly suited to segmentation of the laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images, computerised tomography (CT) images, magnetic resonance (MR) images, fingerprint images, etc. The method has been tested on some typical fuzzy image data sets. In this paper, the novel stepwise thresholding is first addressed. Next a new method of region labelling for region extraction is introduced. Then the design of intensity homogeneity segmentation criteria is presented. Some examples of the experiment results of fuzzy image segmentation by the method are given at the end.

点云加权迭代线拟合室内平面图自动生成方法

提出了一种基于三维激光点云加权迭代线拟合的室内平面图自动生成方法,根据线特征对三维点云沿高程方向的投影点云进行分割,采用加权迭代直线拟合方法进行分段直线拟合,并进一步对拟合直线进行融合和轮廓补全,实现室内平面图的自动生成。基于手持SLAM系统获取的典型室内场景激光点云自动生成室内平面图,结果表明,该方法能有效抑制室内点云噪声,结构提取完整性可达94.4%,制图精度优于3 cm,可快速生成室内平面结构图。

基于超像素快速模糊聚类的印刷品图像分割方法

针对当前彩色印刷品色差检测过程中效率低、复杂性高等问题,提出了一种基于超像素快速模糊聚类的印刷品图像分割方法(SFFCM)。先用简单线性迭代聚类(SLIC)算法将图像分割为紧密相邻的超像素区域。每个超像素区域被视为一个独立的聚类单元。随后,将模糊C均值聚类(FCM)算法应用于超像素的归属关系计算中,即引入隶属度值,允许超像素归属于多个聚类中心,并通过权衡归属度值来实现模糊聚类。实验结果表明,相对于其他算法,本文方法在保持良好实时性的同时,实现了较好的分割效果,有效平衡了算法复杂度与分割效果之间的关系。

基于迭代算法的FFRCT测量系统对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI术患者生存预后的影响

目的:观察基于迭代算法的无创血流储备分数(FFR)计算技术(FFRCT)测量系统诊断应用于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)治疗后对患者生存预后的影响。方法:前瞻性选取2022年10月至2024年2月内蒙古医科大学附属医院多支合并血管病变(MVD)的急性STEMI患者98例纳入研究,所有患者按随机双盲法分为FFRCT组(49例)和冠状动脉造影(CAG)组(49例)。FFRCT组以FFRCT为诊断依据,根据FFRCT检查结果执行完全血运重建策略;CAG组以CAG为指导处理梗死相关血管。观察两组患者基本临床资料、PCI手术操作细节和(或)技术指标以及相关资源利用指标,观察随访两组心绞痛发作和主要的心脏血管不良事件(MACE)等相关生存预后指标,主要观察终点为随访24个月的全因死亡、心衰、卒中、主要的MACE、及再次血运重建的复合终点事件等。结果:FFRCT组行非梗死相关血管PCI处理占比为55.10%(27/49);两组PCI术后手术操作细节/技术指标比较,FFRCT组手术用时为(65±10)min,较CAG组(60±8)min有所延长,支架总长度为(31±10)mm,短于CAG组(36±10)mm,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=-4.062、-6.710,P<0.05),两组造影剂用量、平均支架直径、住院时间等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与CAG组比较,FFRCT组随访24个月时非致死性心肌梗死、主要终点事件、再发心绞痛、再次血运重建发生率均显著降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.926、5.273、6.091、5.804,P<0.05)。结论:多支合并MVD的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者在急诊PCI过程中使用基于迭代算法的FFRCT测量系统检查指导血运重建,其安全性、有效性值得肯定,在降低PCI后心脑血管事件发生风险、改善预后方面较CAG指导方式具有明显优势。

多尺度特征金字塔融合的街景图像语义分割

针对街景图像语义分割任务中的目标尺寸差异大、多尺度特征难以高效提取的问题,本文提出了一种语义分割网络(LDPANet).首先,将空洞卷积与引入残差学习单元的深度可分离卷积结合,来优化编码器结构,在降低了计算复杂度的同时缓解梯度消失的问题.然后利用层传递的迭代空洞空间金字塔,将自顶向下的特征信息依次融合,提高了上下文信息的有效交互能力;在多尺度特征融合之后引入属性注意力模块,使网络抑制冗余信息,强化重要特征.再者,以通道扩展上采样代替双线插值上采样作为解码器,进一步提升了特征图的分辨率.最后,LDPANet方法在Cityscapes和CamVid数据集上的精度分别达到了91.8%和87.52%,与近几年网络模型相比,本文网络模型可以精确地提取像素的位置信息以及空间维度信息,提高了语义分割的准确率.

脉内频率 时延捷变雷达抗间歇采样转发干扰方法

间歇采样转发干扰凭借快速准确的采样和转发手段,利用脉压雷达的匹配滤波特性形成假目标群,严重影响目标检测和跟踪性能。针对这一问题,结合波形设计和滤波思想,设计一种脉内频率时延捷变波形,并在此基础上提出一种基于时频分析的抗间歇采样转发干扰方法。首先,将线性调频信号划分为多个子脉冲,并在子脉冲之间增加随机时延。然后,提取未被干扰的子脉冲进行目标位置的准确判断,结合子脉冲的频率和随机时延等先验信息,利用迭代阈值分割算法去除强干扰信号。最后,通过构造时频域和时域带通滤波器分别进行子脉冲滤波和时域滤波处理。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法在不同干信比、信噪比和非同步采样情况下具有较好的抗间歇采样转发干扰性能。

人在回路深度学习垂体分割模型的建立

目的:采用深度学习方法,通过人在回路的方式进行迭代式标注-训练,建立垂体分割模型,实现垂体体积人工智能(AI)测量。方法:将1285例颅脑3D T 1WI图像按5~15岁、16~25岁、26~50岁、51~70岁年龄段分组,每个年龄组随机选择80例,分成4批次进行试验。初始每组选择3例图像进行人工预标注神经垂体和腺垂体,输入计算机进行学习,获取初始模型。应用模型对一批数据进行分割,获得分割后的神经垂体、腺垂体与垂体总体积数据,将分割结果进行人工校准,获得校准后相对应的体积数据作为金标准。用前一组校准后的分割图像进行计算机迭代式学习优化模型,再用优化后模型对新一组图像分割与校准,重复上述过程,最终将校准前后差异没有统计学意义的数据认定深度学习建模成功。数据采用配对t检验、Dice和Spearman相关性分析进行统计。结果:从第2批次开始,除5~15岁年龄段外,其它年龄段神经垂体体积在校准前后的差异没有统计学意义,腺垂体与垂体总体积的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。第4批次,各年龄段神经垂体、腺垂体与垂体总体积在校准前后的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.137~0.928),Dice值大于0.941,Spearman相关系数大于0.969。结论:通过迭代式训练进行深度学习建模可构建垂体分割模型,实现垂体体积AI自动测量。

基于SLIC超像素分割的非局部均值船舶图像去噪算法

针对传统船舶图像去噪算法难以对图像的边缘细节进行保留和分析,以及传统非局部均值去噪算法相似框选择困难等问题,提出基于简单线性迭代聚类(simple linear iterative clustering,SLIC)超像素分割的非局部均值船舶图像去噪算法。通过SLIC算法对图像进行分割处理,界定图像的纹理区域和平滑区域;使用相似框搜索和匹配策略,提升匹配效果,并适当保留更多边缘细节,从而改善图像去噪的效果。实验结果表明,所提出的算法相较于其他传统的船舶图像去噪算法不仅能很好地保留船舶图像的边缘细节特点,而且能在一定程度上提高船舶图像的峰值信噪比,具有良好的去噪效果,可以用于智能航海领域船舶图像的去噪。

基于卷积神经网络的医学CT图像自动分割方法

针对医学CT图像自动分割方法对三维分层医学CT图像分割精准度较差问题,设计基于卷积神经网络的医学CT图像自动分割方法。对采集到的原始医学CT图像进行去噪处理,为后续的图像分割提供训练集。设定卷积神经网络的激活函数及网络参数,构建医学CT图像自动分割卷积神经网络。计算医学CT图像在卷积过程中损失函数,获取图像最优分割参数,根据此参数完成分割过程。实验结果表明:此方法无论在图像的整体分割还是细节分割方面,均可获取精度较高的分割结果。

一种改进变步长的自适应电磁干扰对消算法

针对已有最小均方(LMS)自适应干扰对消算法初期收敛速度慢且整体误差偏大的问题,提出一种改进变步长LMS算法。该算法在保证收敛速度和误差精度要求下,简化了步长因子μ(n),且采取分段迭代的方法,克服算法初期收敛慢的缺点。在误差|e(n)|较大时,文中提出通过调整系数ε调节步长μ(n)的变化速度,增强了迭代稳定性。仿真结果表明:与正态分布曲线步长等算法相比,使用文中算法后,宽带与窄带电磁干扰信号的收敛速度至少提高13%,干扰对消后期望信号的输出信噪比至少提高26%。该算法可用于复杂电磁环境下的电磁干扰消除。

基于分割增强与显著性检测的红外可见光图像融合

为保留原红外与可见光图像中更多的细节信息,解决红外与可见光图像融合过程中小目标不清晰、可见光图像可视性差等问题,提出一种将红外图像分割与增强可见光图像与视觉显著性检测相结合的融合方法。首先,迭代法将原红外图像分割成目标区域和背景区域,Retinex对原可见光图像进行强化处理,使其清晰度得到提高;然后,对红外背景区域和增强可见光图像进行二尺度分解得到基础层和细节层,针对两个图层的不同特点分别采用加权平均和显著性检测方法进行第一层融合,得到的融合基础层和融合细节层进行第二层融合;最后,与红外目标区域进行叠加运算实现三层融合,实验结果表明,该方法能够充分挖掘源图像的有效信息,在小目标清晰度方面优于其他传统算法。

基于模糊聚类的超像素图像分割算法

针对传统的模糊聚类算法在图像分割时出现的信息保留不足和抗噪性差等问题,提出一种基于模糊聚类的超像素图像分割算法。该算法首先在全局范围利用抑制式模糊c均值聚类算法确定像素的所属分类,然后在局部范围利用简单线性迭代聚类算法融合图像中物体的边界信息,最后通过计算超像素分割网格划分下的均值隶属度完成图像分割。算法既保留模糊聚类的粗模块分割优势,又利用超像素提高对边界信息的融合能力,达到优化分割效果的目的。在数值实验部分,分别在人工合成图像和Berkeley数据集等真实图像上检测算法效果,验证了边界分割能力和抗图像噪点能力。

一种改进Canny算子的图像边缘检测方法

针对传统Canny边缘检测算法不能处理椒盐噪声干扰,阈值选取依靠人工干预的问题,提出一种改进Canny算子的边缘检测算法。首先,提出一种改进的递归中值滤波取代高斯滤波,去除图像噪声的同时减少图像边缘信息的丢失;然后,利用双线性插值改进非极大值抑制对像素梯度值进行亚像素级别的定位;最后,采用基于迭代的Otsu阈值分割算法自适应地获取阈值并进行迭代式边缘连接,提高算法的自适应程度。实验结果表明,对比Canny算子、Sobel算子以及一种改进的Canny算法,在去噪图像质量评价指标上提高了8.5%,在边缘检测准确率上提高了22%,并且改进的算法去除椒盐噪声能力突出,自适应性强,检测出的边缘信息更完整,连续性更佳。

一种新的高光谱遥感图像超像素分割方法

为了解决简单线性迭代聚类算法在高光谱遥感图像超像素分割任务中分割精度较低的问题,提出一种基于多级线性迭代聚类结合改进标签传播算法(LPA)的新的无监督高光谱遥感图像超像素分割方法。首先,扩充简单线性迭代聚类(SLIC)的适用范围至多通道对高光谱图像进行超像素初分割;然后,对色彩标准差较大的超像素进行多级迭代细致分割,引入基于局部二进制模式的高光谱遥感图像纹理特征提取方法计算高光谱图像纹理特征并融合多段光谱特征计算超像素间相似度以构建带权图网络;最后,改进LPA社区发现方法进行超像素合并,将改进的标签传播算法运用于超像素合并可以得到更加稳定准确的超像素合并效果,提高超像素分割精度。将该方法与多种方法进行比较,结果表明,该方法对高光谱遥感图像的超像素分割结果更准确,超像素边缘更贴合真实地物边界,能有效改善高光谱遥感图像超像素分割中精度较低的问题。