Comparative study of various methods for extraction of multi-quantum wells Schottky diode parameters

In this work,forward current voltage characteristics for multi-quantum wells Al_(0.33)Ga_(0.67)As Schottky diode were measured at temperature ranges from 100 to 300 K.The main parameters of this Schottky diode,such as the ideality factor,barrier height,series resistance and saturation current,have been extracted using both analytical and heuristics methods.Differential evolution(DE),particle swarm optimization(PSO)and artificial bee colony(ABC)have been chosen as candidate heuristics algorithms,while Cheung technic was selected as analytical extraction method.The obtained results show clearly the high performance of DE algorithms in terms of parameters accuracy,convergence speed and robustness.

Cavity-Suppressing Electrode Integrated with Multi-Quantum Well Emitter:A Universal Approach Toward High-Performance Blue TADF Top Emission OLED

A novel device structure for thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)top emission organic light-emitting diodes(TEOLEDs)that improves the viewing angle characteristics and reduces the efficiency roll-off is presented.Furthermore,we describe the design and fabrication of a cavity-suppressing electrode(CSE),Ag(12 nm)/WO_(3)(65 nm)/Ag(12 nm)that can be used as a transparent cathode.While the TADF-TEOLED fabricated using the CSE exhibits higher external quantum efficiency(EQE)and improved angular dependency than the device fabricated using the microcavity-based Ag electrode,it suffers from low color purity and severe efficiency roll-off.These drawbacks can be reduced by using an optimized multi-quantum well emissive layer(MQW EML).The CSE-based TADF-TEOLED with an MQW EML fabricated herein exhibits a high EQE(18.05%),high color purity(full width at half maximum~59 nm),reduced efficiency roll-off(~46%at 1000 cd m^(−2)),and low angular dependence.These improvements can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the CSE and MQW EML.An optimized transparent CSE improves charge injection and light outcoupling with low angular dependence,and the MQW EML effectively confines charges and excitons,thereby improving the color purity and EQE significantly.The proposed approach facilitates the optimization of multiple output characteristics of TEOLEDs for future display applications.

Dynamic characteristics in an external-cavity multi-quantum-well laser

This paper outlines our studies of bifurcation, quasi-periodic road to chaos and other dynamic characteristics in an external-cavity multi-quantum-well laser with delay optical feedback. The bistable state of the laser is predicted by finding theoretically that the gain shifts abruptly between two values due to the feedback. We make a linear stability analysis of the dynamic behavior of the laser. We predict the stability scenario by using the characteristic equation while we make an approximate analysis of the stability of the equilibrium point and discuss the quantitative criteria of bifurcation. We deduce a formula for the relaxation oscillation frequency and prove theoretically that this formula function relates to the loss of carriers transferring between well regime and barrier regime, the feedback level, the delayed time and the other intrinsic parameters. We demonstrate the dynamic distribution and double relaxation oscillation frequency abruptly changing in periodic states and find the multi-frequency characteristic in a chaotic state. We illustrate a road to chaos from a stable state to quasi-periodic states by increasing the feedback level. The effects of the transfers of carriers and the escaping of carriers on dynamic behavior are analyzed, showing that they are contrary to each other via the bifurcation diagram. Also,we show another road to chaos after bifurcation through changing the linewidth enhancement factor, the photon loss rate and the transfer rate of carriers.

Fano Effect and Anti-Resonance Band in a Parallel-Coupled Double Quantum Dot System with Two Multi-Quantum Dot Chains

A parallel-coupled double quantum dot （PCDQD） system with two multi-quantum dot chains is designed. Conductance versus Fermi energy level is investigated utilizing the non-equilibrium Green＇s function approach. If two quantum dots are added on each side of the PCDQD system, additional Breit Wigner and Fano resonances occur in the conductance spectra. If quantum dots are added on one side of the system, small Fano resonances can be observed in the conductance spectra. Adjusting the number of side-coupled quantum dots, the anti-resonance bands emerge at different positions, which makes the system applicable as a quantum switching device. Moreover, the I-V characteristic curve presents the step characteristic and the width of the step decreases with increasing the number of side-coupled quantum dots.

Efficient Organic Multi-quantum Well Electroluminescent Devices Using Aluminum as Cathodes

Organic green light emitting devices(LEDs) with multi-quantum well(MQW) structure were fabricated. Aromatic diamine(TPD) was used as hole-transporting layer and potential barrier layer; Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq 3) was acted as electron-transporting emitter and MQW green emitter. Air-stable aluminum(Al) was used as electron-injection contact. The influence of the thickness of potential barrier layer and the number of quantum well on the electroluminescent(EL) efficiencies of the devices was investigated. The organic LEDs with two quantum wells showed enhanced EL efficiencies. Maximum external quantum efficiency and brightness were 1.04 % and 7 000 cd/m 2, respectively.

Heteronuclear-filtered ^(1)H homonuclear multi-quantum correlation experiment at 100 kHz magic-angle spinning Dedicated to Professor Chaohui Ye on the occasion of his 80th birthday

Remarkable advances in fast magic-angle spinning(MAS)techniques significantly improve the resolution of^(1)H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra.Here,we introduce a heteronuclear-filtered^(1)H homonuclear multi-quantum(MQ)correlation strategy available at a MAS rate of 100 kHz by combining^(1)H{X}heteronuclear-filtered methods and^(1)H homonuclear MQ correlation experiments.The proposed strategy was applied to selectively extract^(1)H signals of aluminum lactate(Al-Lac)in a mixture of Al-Lac and zinc lactate(Zn-Lac)using 27Al-filtered methods(i.e.,^(1)H{27Al}heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation(HMQC)or^(1)H{27Al}symmetry-based resonance-echo saturationpulse double-resonance(S-RESPDOR)).We demonstrate that incorporating these 27Al-filtered methods into two-dimensional(2D)^(1)He^(1)H double-quantum(DQ)/single-quantum(SQ),triple-quantum(TQ)/SQ,and even three-dimensional(3D)27Al/^(1)H(DQ)/^(1)H(SQ)experiments can facilitate the acquisition of spectra without signal overlap and targeted characterization of the^(1)H species surrounding 27Al sites.The proposed strategy is considered to efficiently extract key structural information from complex spin systems.

多维动态网络的密钥认证数学建模与仿真

多维动态网络在密钥认证过程中,若加密的密钥安全程度较低,则会被量子计算机解码,使传输的隐私数据出现泄露。为有效提升密钥的安全认证效果,提出量子攻击下多维动态网络密钥认证数学建模方法。方法建立用于多维动态网络的密钥认证模型,在建立的认证模型中,对网络中待传输数据实施冗余清洗,并使用高级加密标准(Advanced Encryption Standard,AES)算法生成密钥对待传输数据初次加密;添加一串噪声数据在加密数据中,并对其二次加密,进一步提升数据的抗量子攻击性能,建立多维动态网络的安全密钥传输模型,完成密钥的安全传输。根据解密方法结合密钥对数据安全解密,完成多维动态网络密钥的安全认证。实验结果表明,利用上述方法开展网络密钥认证时,加解密时间短,认证准确率在85%以上,且抗量子攻击能力强。

多源非对称星型量子网络及其非定域性

作为Bell定理的一种推广,基于多纠缠源的量子网络及其非定域性被人们广泛关注。本文基于独立源假设研究多源星型量子网络,构建具有5个独立源和8个节点的非对称星型网络模型,并探究其量子非定域性。结果表明,对于分发到网络节点的一组指定的纠缠纯态,该量子网络模型下得到的5-local定域关联不等式将会被违背,当前量子网络模型具有明显的非定域特性。

基于多元关系融合的科学—技术—产业关联模式识别方法研究

[目的/意义]基于多元关系挖掘科学—技术—产业之间的关联模式,对揭示技术关联的科学基础和产业方向,促进产学研深度融合具有重要意义。[方法/过程]首先,利用LDA模型与人工判断方法识别出论文、专利、产品主题,基于论文与专利主题的引用关系、主体关系、内容关系构建科学关联度指标,基于专利与产品主题的交叉关系构建产业关联度指标;然后,基于科学关联度和产业关联度二元维度识别各技术主题的科学—技术—产业关联模式;最后,选择量子通信技术领域进行实证研究。[结果/结论]量子通信领域的技术主题关联模式包括S模式、S-T模式、T-I模式、S-T-I模式。随着时间推移,科学—技术—产业之间的互动逐步加深;量子通信技术遵循“材料研究—应用模块—应用核心技术—应用系统”的演化路径。

适用于智能家居的格上基于身份多方认证密钥协商协议

随着物联网应用的日益普及,物联网设备终端数量激增、种类多样、层次复杂,常处于不可控的环境之中,因此,确保数据传输过程的安全性和隐私性至关重要。对基于物联网架构的智能家居服务进行探讨得出,启用智能家居应用需涉及多个方面,如用户、云、物联网智能集线器(the IoT smart hub,ISH)和智能设备,它们需要多方验证以进行安全通信。由此提出了一种针对智能家居应用的格上基于身份多方认证密钥协商协议,并证明在eCK模型下是安全的。其安全性可以归约到环上带误差学习(ring learning with errors,RLWE)问题的困难性,能够抗量子计算攻击。所提协议由一个格上基于身份的加密方案转换而成,无须公钥证书,避免了部署一个庞大的公钥基础设施(public key infrastructure,PKI)。通过信息交互实现显式认证,且可具有一定的匿名性质,与其他相关的后量子格上多方认证密钥协商协议方案相比,该协议在安全性和执行效率方面更具优势。

基于IQPSO-EKF的多传感器融合姿态测量方法研究

为解决自动化竖井掘进设备的定位调姿精度对竖井、孔桩挖掘效率与质量的影响,提出了一种基于改进量子粒子群(IQPSO)-扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的姿态测量算法,以提高微机电系统(MEMS)传感器测量精度。首先,对MEMS传感器数据进行了预处理(除噪、滤波、校准等);然后,参考现有飞行器的坐标系,建立了姿态解算模型,通过姿态角数学模型及运动学分析,构建了EFK状态方程,针对EKF方法参数估计不准确的问题,以分段混沌映射优化初始种群,引入平均位置最优值来避免陷入局部最优的IQPSO-EFK算法,优化EKF的系统、测量噪声的协方差参数;最后,对改进算法和三组姿态误差估计进行了对比实验。研究结果表明:对比三种典型目标函数,IQPSO-EFK相较于普通粒子群算法(QPSO-EFK)具有更强的寻优能力与收敛精度;对比三组旋转速度姿态测量误差,基于IQPSO-EKF算法的姿态测量方法在测量误差时比真实测量误差减少了约86.3%,比扩展卡尔曼滤波减少了约68.7%,比普通粒子群算法减少了约28.2%,证明该算法有效地提高了MEMS传感器测量精度。

1.74μm大应变InGaAs/InGaAsP半导体锁模激光器

针对光频梳、医学光声成像及痕量气体探测等应用需要,研制了一种InP基碰撞锁模半导体激光器,可在1.74μm波段实现重复频率为19.3GHz的高效锁模,其射频(RF)谱半高全宽(FWHM)约14kHz。在可饱和吸收区未加偏压时,激光器的阈值电流为83mA,最大出光功率可达到25.83mW。固定吸收区偏置电压在-1.6V,增益区驱动电流高于130mA时,锁模激光器开始输出微波射频信号,并且RF谱的FWHM随着电流增加可下降至十几kHz。固定驱动电流为520mA,在吸收区偏置电压从-1.4V降至-2V过程中,激光发射光谱逐渐展宽,在-2V偏压下,光谱的FWHM为9.88nm,包含40多个间隔为0.2nm的纵模。对比分析了不同驱动电流和偏置电压下的射频频谱和发射光谱的变化趋势,证明了该锁模器件具有高效、稳定的锁模机制。

多域跨协议量子网络的域间密钥业务按需提供策略

现有的城域量子网络大多基于单一的量子密钥分发协议实现,将不同协议实现的城域量子网络进行互联是大规模量子网络的发展趋势,但其域间密钥业务提供仍存在成功率低、密钥供需不适配等问题.针对以上问题,本文面向多域跨协议量子网络提出了两种域间密钥业务按需提供策略,分别是基于BB84(Bennett-Brassard-1984)旁路优先的按需提供策略和基于测量设备无关(measurement-device-independent,MDI)旁路优先的按需提供策略.同时,设计了内嵌两种策略的域间密钥业务按需提供算法.仿真结果表明,所提策略能够在双域和三域量子网络中高效完成域间密钥业务的按需提供.相比传统策略,两种按需提供策略可将多域量子网络的密钥供需均衡度提高1个数量级以上,MDI旁路优先策略在低密钥率需求下可将域间密钥业务请求成功率提升30%.此外,所提策略可在一定程度上降低域间密钥业务提供的成本,提高现实安全水平.

多量子阱钙钛矿半导体合成及光伏性能表征的综合实验设计

随着全球能源需求的持续增长和环境保护意识的加强,开发和利用可再生能源成为了当务之急。在这一背景下,钙钛矿光伏电池以其高效率和低成本的特性受到了广泛研究。本文介绍了一个综合物理实验,即多量子阱钙钛矿的合成及其光伏性能的表征。实验旨在通过合成多量子阱钙钛矿材料并评估其在光伏应用中的性能,以培养学生的科研兴趣和实践技能。实验内容包括:多量子阱钙钛矿材料的合成,采用层间插层策略引入不同尺寸的有机阳离子,以调控材料的结构与相分布;通过X射线衍射和吸收-发光光谱技术对材料的晶体结构、结晶性、光学和电学性质进行表征;制备钙钛矿光伏电池并通过电流-电压曲线评估其光电转换效率。本实验有望使学生深入理解材料物理、器件物理和光伏技术的基本概念,激发他们在新能源领域的研究兴趣,为他们未来的科研活动或职业生涯提供实践经验和技术基础。实验的设计兼顾了教学的全面性和科研的前沿性,有望在物理及相关学科的教学改革中起到积极作用。

量子安全多方计算协议研究进展

量子安全多方计算是量子信息技术与隐私保护计算技术相结合形成的新兴交叉领域,作为量子密码学的一个重要分支,在安全性、计算效率等方面有着经典安全多方计算所不能及的优点。量子安全多方求和(Quantum Secure Multi-party Summation,QSMS)作为量子安全多方计算的一个最基本运算过程,近年来获得了广泛的关注。本文梳理了近期QSMS协议的研究进展,根据协议所依据的基本原理进行了分类,并介绍了一些代表性协议的基本原理和典型特点。

透射光谱线性空间核学习建模求解多组分浓度

本文对求解多组分体系浓度的分光光度计同时测定法提供了一种建模方法.通过对多组分体系的透射光谱建立光谱线性空间,证明了多组分体系的分子势函数矩阵VM可以转化为对角矩阵,对角矩阵的对角元是单组分势函数的块矩阵Ji.多组分体系透射光谱空间是单组分分子透射光谱函数为基函数、分子数量占比为坐标的线性组合.利用多核学习法确定各单组分体系透射波的占比权重系数,提出了用单组分浓度光量子隧穿软测量模型测定多组分浓度的测量方法.实例验证表明此方法稳定可靠,且能降低计算的复杂性.

波长可调的量子点纠缠光源(特邀)

可按需产生纠缠光子对的量子光源是光量子网络中的重要组成部分。半导体量子点可确定性地产生高纠缠保真度的光子对。基于量子点构建量子网络所需的量子中继单元时,需要多个发光波长一致的高质量纠缠光源。然而量子点形貌、组分和应力的不均一性严重限制了基于量子点的量子中继器的可扩展性。国内外研究团队发展了多种量子点生长后调节技术,成功调节量子点精细结构劈裂并通过联合多个调节自由度实现多维度的调节。本文综述了目前联合多个调节自由度实现发光波长和精细结构劈裂均能调控的实验方案,总结了不同方案的调节方法和研究现状,并介绍了将量子点与光学微腔相结合通过Purcell效应能进一步提升纠缠光源的性能。最后,对该领域的未来发展进行展望。

求解最小公倍数问题的量子安全多方计算协议

最小公倍数是解决很多数学问题的基础工具,在隐私保护的情况下如何对其进行多方协同计算具有一定的研究价值.部分经典安全多方计算协议虽然能够求解该问题,但计算复杂度为指数级.本文通过将最小公倍数问题转化为求多个周期函数的连接函数的周期,提出了一个基于量子周期查找算法的最小公倍数协议,将复杂度降为多项式级.在协议中,发起方对每个参与方发送一个粒子.每个参与方对粒子施加一个Oracle操作,其中Oracle函数的周期即各自的私有整数.然后,发起方通过运行量子周期查找算法来计算出连接函数的周期,即各自整数的最小公倍数.为了防御共谋和伪造攻击,采用星-环混合拓扑结构对粒子发送方进行诚实性检验.由于量子周期查找算法存在一定的失败概率,设计了一个量子匿名输出检验协议来检验最小公倍数结果的正确性.安全性分析表明了该协议在恶意模型下具有无条件安全性,且协议的计算复杂度和通信复杂度分别为O(n^(3)m^(2)log(nm))和O(n^(2)mlog(nm)),均为多项式级.此外,该协议具有较好的扩展性,可应用于安全多方最大公约数计算、有理数求和、最值计算等问题.

基于参数化角编码的量子K-means算法

结合K-means算法和角编码技术,提出了一种无需量子随机存储(QRAM)的量子K-means算法。该算法利用量子操作的并行性,仅需对数数量的时间复杂度就能完成数据的加载;并且通过对输入数据进行参数预处理操作,确定数据分量的参数阈值,解决了样本不同特征尺度差异的问题。该算法由编码数据、相似度度量、量子最小值搜索和质心迭代更新四个主要步骤组成,细致描述了这些步骤所涉及的算子和线路构建,并对关键线路进行了仿真模拟。实验结果和经典预测结果一致,验证了所提量子K-means算法的可靠性。此外,理论分析表明所提出算法相比于经典算法在运行时间上有平方级加速。

一款多色叠层量子阱红外探测器的读出电路设计

一款完整的红外焦平面探测器主要包含探测器件、读出电路、封装结构和制冷组件。目前根据不同应用场景,探测波段范围不断变宽、探测灵敏度需求提高、成像速度要求加快,对探测器设计提出了更严格、更复杂的指标要求。其中,读出电路将探测光信号转换为电信号传输至系统,是探测器组件的关键核心模块。本文设计了一款对应多色叠层量子阱型器件的红外焦平面探测器读出电路,能够实现同时间、同空间对四波段信号进行探测,并且同时读出,四波段信号的探测积分与读出之间没有互相干扰。探测器规格640×512,像元间距50μm(四波段),各波段信号可实现分时积分、分别可调,采用边积分边读出工作模式,读出帧频可达到四波段探测时≥50 Hz,电路噪声≤0.5 mV,动态范围≥70 dB,电功耗≤600 mW,是一款超大规模低噪声高帧频的高性能读出电路。