Surrogate-based modeling and dimension reduction techniques for multi-scale mechanics problems

Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple ＂design variables＂ on the prescribed outcome.There are often multiple,competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization.Since accurate,high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive,comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available.Furthermore,informed decisions of the model/hardware＇s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global,not local,sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives.The surrogate-based approach,which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data,offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables,i.e.,the dimension of a design or modeling space.In this paper,we review the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization,highlighting concepts,methods,techniques,as well as modeling implications for mechanics problems.To aid the discussions of the issues involved,we summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows,active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts,and lithium（Li）-ion batteries.It is also stressed that many multi-scale mechanics problems can naturally benefit from the surrogate approach for ＂scale bridging.＂

滤波器湍流模型在低温流体空化流动数值计算中的应用

评价了滤波器湍流模型在低温流体空化流动计算中的应用。分别采用标准k-ε、修正RNG k-ε和FBM湍流模型对绕对称回转体在液氮中的空化流动进行模拟,并计算了进口湍流度对空化流动的影响。与实验结果对比表明:相对标准k-ε和修正RNG k-ε湍流模型的计算结果,FBM湍流模型可以更好地反映低温流体中汽液混合的空泡界面,更准确捕捉由于热力学效应影响而造成的压力和温度变化,计算得到的结果与实验数据更为接近。标准k-ε和修正RNG k-ε模型对计算工况的进口μT/μL|inlet粘性比比较敏感。采用FBM湍流模型计算,可以明显减小进口μT/μL|inlet粘性比对计算结果的影响。