Rock mass quality prediction on tunnel faces with incomplete multi-source dataset via tree-augmented naive Bayesian network

Rock mass quality serves as a vital index for predicting the stability and safety status of rock tunnel faces.In tunneling practice,the rock mass quality is often assessed via a combination of qualitative and quantitative parameters.However,due to the harsh on-site construction conditions,it is rather difficult to obtain some of the evaluation parameters which are essential for the rock mass quality prediction.In this study,a novel improved Swin Transformer is proposed to detect,segment,and quantify rock mass characteristic parameters such as water leakage,fractures,weak interlayers.The site experiment results demonstrate that the improved Swin Transformer achieves optimal segmentation results and achieving accuracies of 92%,81%,and 86%for water leakage,fractures,and weak interlayers,respectively.A multisource rock tunnel face characteristic(RTFC)dataset includes 11 parameters for predicting rock mass quality is established.Considering the limitations in predictive performance of incomplete evaluation parameters exist in this dataset,a novel tree-augmented naive Bayesian network(BN)is proposed to address the challenge of the incomplete dataset and achieved a prediction accuracy of 88%.In comparison with other commonly used Machine Learning models the proposed BN-based approach proved an improved performance on predicting the rock mass quality with the incomplete dataset.By utilizing the established BN,a further sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantitatively evaluate the importance of the various parameters,results indicate that the rock strength and fractures parameter exert the most significant influence on rock mass quality.

A multi-source information fusion layer counting method for penetration fuze based on TCN-LSTM

When employing penetration ammunition to strike multi-story buildings,the detection methods using acceleration sensors suffer from signal aliasing,while magnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from ferromagnetic materials,thereby posing challenges in accurately determining the number of layers.To address this issue,this research proposes a layer counting method for penetration fuze that incorporates multi-source information fusion,utilizing both the temporal convolutional network(TCN)and the long short-term memory(LSTM)recurrent network.By leveraging the strengths of these two network structures,the method extracts temporal and high-dimensional features from the multi-source physical field during the penetration process,establishing a relationship between the multi-source physical field and the distance between the fuze and the target plate.A simulation model is developed to simulate the overload and magnetic field of a projectile penetrating multiple layers of target plates,capturing the multi-source physical field signals and their patterns during the penetration process.The analysis reveals that the proposed multi-source fusion layer counting method reduces errors by 60% and 50% compared to single overload layer counting and single magnetic anomaly signal layer counting,respectively.The model's predictive performance is evaluated under various operating conditions,including different ratios of added noise to random sample positions,penetration speeds,and spacing between target plates.The maximum errors in fuze penetration time predicted by the three modes are 0.08 ms,0.12 ms,and 0.16 ms,respectively,confirming the robustness of the proposed model.Moreover,the model's predictions indicate that the fitting degree for large interlayer spacings is superior to that for small interlayer spacings due to the influence of stress waves.

Multi-source heterogeneous data access management framework and key technologies for electric power Internet of Things

The power Internet of Things(IoT)is a significant trend in technology and a requirement for national strategic development.With the deepening digital transformation of the power grid,China’s power system has initially built a power IoT architecture comprising a perception,network,and platform application layer.However,owing to the structural complexity of the power system,the construction of the power IoT continues to face problems such as complex access management of massive heterogeneous equipment,diverse IoT protocol access methods,high concurrency of network communications,and weak data security protection.To address these issues,this study optimizes the existing architecture of the power IoT and designs an integrated management framework for the access of multi-source heterogeneous data in the power IoT,comprising cloud,pipe,edge,and terminal parts.It further reviews and analyzes the key technologies involved in the power IoT,such as the unified management of the physical model,high concurrent access,multi-protocol access,multi-source heterogeneous data storage management,and data security control,to provide a more flexible,efficient,secure,and easy-to-use solution for multi-source heterogeneous data access in the power IoT.

Runout prediction of potential landslides based on the multi-source data collaboration analysis on historical cases

Long runout landslides involve a massive amount of energy and can be extremely hazardous owing to their long movement distance,high mobility and strong destructive power.Numerical methods have been widely used to predict the landslide runout but a fundamental problem remained is how to determine the reliable numerical parameters.This study proposes a framework to predict the runout of potential landslides through multi-source data collaboration and numerical analysis of historical landslide events.Specifically,for the historical landslide cases,the landslide-induced seismic signal,geophysical surveys,and possible in-situ drone/phone videos(multi-source data collaboration)can validate the numerical results in terms of landslide dynamics and deposit features and help calibrate the numerical(rheological)parameters.Subsequently,the calibrated numerical parameters can be used to numerically predict the runout of potential landslides in the region with a similar geological setting to the recorded events.Application of the runout prediction approach to the 2020 Jiashanying landslide in Guizhou,China gives reasonable results in comparison to the field observations.The numerical parameters are determined from the multi-source data collaboration analysis of a historical case in the region(2019 Shuicheng landslide).The proposed framework for landslide runout prediction can be of great utility for landslide risk assessment and disaster reduction in mountainous regions worldwide.

A Web-Based Approach for the Efficient Management of Massive Multi-source 3D Models

Effectively managing extensive,multi-source,and multi-level real-scene 3D models for responsive retrieval scheduling and rapid visualization in the Web environment is a significant challenge in the current development of real-scene 3D applications in China.In this paper,we address this challenge by reorganizing spatial and temporal information into a 3D geospatial grid.It introduces the Global 3D Geocoding System(G_(3)DGS),leveraging neighborhood similarity and uniqueness for efficient storage,retrieval,updating,and scheduling of these models.A combination of G_(3)DGS and non-relational databases is implemented,enhancing data storage scalability and flexibility.Additionally,a model detail management scheduling strategy(TLOD)based on G_(3)DGS and an importance factor T is designed.Compared with mainstream commercial and open-source platforms,this method significantly enhances the loadable capacity of massive multi-source real-scene 3D models in the Web environment by 33%,improves browsing efficiency by 48%,and accelerates invocation speed by 40%.

时序InSAR解译西安-咸阳地区地面沉降时空分布特征

采用2015-06~2023-01覆盖西安-咸阳地区的Sentinel-1A卫星数据,以时序InSAR为主要技术手段,结合其他资料,获得西安-咸阳地区地面沉降分布特征和形变速率等信息,并分析地面沉降的原因和演化规律。结果表明,SBAS-InSAR与StaMPS-InSAR所得结果基本一致,地表形变区主要分布在西安中部和南部,主要影响因素为地下水开采,分布与走向受地裂缝与断层影响;咸阳大部分地区处于稳定状态,仅在局部地区有较为明显的沉降,沉降受地下水开采、城市建设等因素影响。

国产卫星时序InSAR形变监测精度分析

陆地探测一号01组卫星(LT-1)的发射成功实现了我国L波段干涉SAR卫星“从无到有”的发展。LT-1卫星因空间避障等原因,部分空间基线较长;经过调轨后,空间基线长度控制在400 m以内。为了验证LT-1卫星数据的可用性及精度,本文以山西大同矿区为例,获取了2022年12月23日至2023年5月20日共25景LT-1条带模式影像数据,分别进行差分干涉测量短基线集时序分析(SBAS)技术和永久散射体(PS)技术数据处理。对时序InSAR和GPS站点在SAR卫星视线向上的形变监测结果进行对比分析,二者差异标准差分别为5.7 mm/a(SBAS-InSAR)和3.4 mm/a(PS-InSAR),时间序列均方根误差均小于5 mm,具有高度一致性。研究表明国产LT-1卫星具备高精度的形变监测能力,为国内地形测绘及形变监测提供了可靠的数据保障。

MCJ-UNet:一种双/多通道联合InSAR相位解缠网络

干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)可实现地表高程的高效获取,在地形测绘中应用广泛。双/多通道InSAR技术可借助不同通道(基线、频点)的高程模糊度差异,解决相位欠采样问题,完成高程陡变区域的干涉相位解缠,实现InSAR技术在测绘困难区域的有效应用。该文即面向高效高精度相位解缠需求,利用深度学习这一有力工具,结合不同通道的相位特征及相互约束关系,提出了一种双/多通道联合干涉相位解缠网络:Multi-Channel-Joint-UNet(MCJ-UNet)。该网络的构建以双通道(双频、双基线)InSAR为基本观测构型,并可实现向多通道构型的扩展,其构建的核心思路主要包括3点:首先,将干涉相位解缠中的模糊数估计问题转化为语义分割问题,并采用UNet网络完成分割处理;其次,引入挤压激励模块(SE)动态调整信息权重,以增强网络不同通道对其所需信息的感知能力;最后,利用多通道联合约束下的相位残差优化损失函数,实现网络调谐。此外,为避免语义分割结果的边缘细节误差对解缠效果的影响,该文还提出了一种基于多通道联合约束的解缠误差自修正方法,以保证解缠质量。模拟地形仿真数据、真实地形仿真数据以及TerraSAR-X实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性。

中尼公路聂拉木至樟木段InSAR广域地灾隐患识别与特征分析

基于2017-04~2019-06共130景Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨影像,采用StaMPS-SBAS InSAR方法,并融合GACOS大气校正,对中尼公路聂拉木至樟木段进行大范围地质灾害隐患点探测和识别。结果表明,研究区内共发现54处隐患点,组成多处滑坡群,升轨最大形变速率达114 mm/a,降轨最大形变速率达122 mm/a。结合研究区降水数据统计分析可知,有35处隐患点形变与降水有关,形变季节性特征明显。本文研究结果有助于了解该路段地表形变趋势及成因,丰富该地区地灾隐患点历史记录,为该地区地质灾害隐患的持续监测提供参考。

基于PySide的时序InSAR处理可视化及形变监测实验

基于PySide等Python开源扩展包设计了时序InSAR处理可视化软件,用于实验教学。软件集成了影像搜索、像对组合、干涉解缠、时序处理、结果展示等功能。以山东省菏泽市郓城县城区地表沉降监测为例,进行实验处理,并与PSDS-InSAR方法进行精度对比。相较于传统命令行操作方式,该可视化软件极大地简化数据处理的复杂性,软件处理结果与PSDS-InSAR所得结果的相关性为0.9866。软件提高实验效率,降低实验难度,改善了实验效果,结果精度表明该软件也可直接应用于工程实践。

加权信息量支持下融合InSAR形变特征的滑坡易发性评价

使用SBAS-InSAR处理六盘水市水城区2018-07~2019-08共69景Sentinel-1A卫星影像,获取地表形变作为动态评价因子,用于完善传统滑坡易发性评价研究缺乏动态特征数据应用的问题。结果表明,使用10种静态评价因子融合InSAR形变特征数据作为动态评价因子,在耦合层次分析法与信息量法的加权信息量模型下对比仅使用静态特征数据,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.756 02和0.888 68,模型性能提升约13.3%;再将历史灾害点叠加于2种分区图下检验分区精度,相比于未融入形变特征,融入形变特征可纠正约12.44%的误分类区域,能较好地提升分区的可靠性。

基于InSAR-COMSOL的露天矿边坡稳定性分析及形变预测

露天矿地表形变特征的快速、准确分析及形变趋势精准预测是推进矿山绿色安全生产的重要保障。针对当前形变监测技术存在的时空采样率低、成本高,预测模型参数难确定等问题,以东鞍山露天铁矿为工程背景,提出了一种融合短基线子集干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术和COMSOL有限元模拟的边坡稳定性分析和形变预测一体化方法。首先,利用SBAS-InSAR技术处理2018年5月—2020年6月获取的62景Sentinel-1A升轨SAR数据,获取了该区域2 a内地表形变时间序列,分析了其形变时空演化特征。然后,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟外界强降雨影响下的典型沉降区域边坡稳定性状况,探讨了坡体损伤裂化规律及形变机理。基于此,利用粒子群算法(PSO)优化长短期时间记忆(LSTM)网络,搭建了形变时序预测最优模型,开展典型沉降区的形变时序预测,并引入平均绝对误差和均方根误差作为预测精度评价指标。结果表明:矿区西部沉降相对严重,年均沉降速率高达47.8 mm/a,形变速率与区域降雨量存在显著相关性。相较于传统形变预测模型,PSO-LSTM模型的2种误差至少降低了14%和36%,且能够有效反映采区地表形变波动趋势,为滑坡灾前预警提供了新思路。

基于时序InSAR的老挝桑片-桑南内水库大坝溃坝回溯研究

InSAR是一种用于水库大坝表面位移监测的新技术,具有周期性、低延迟的特点,且能回溯历史数据。利用老挝桑片-桑南内水库大坝溃坝前期及溃坝期间的卫星影像,收集溃坝前后的大坝表面位移监测数据和降雨数据,对大坝自身和管理方面的溃坝原因进行了分析,结果表明大坝溃坝前已发生较明显的异常变形趋势。本研究将InSAR技术引入大坝风险管理中,能有效减少溃坝事故的发生。

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的港口地表二维形变监测与分析

为了大范围监测果园港港口地表形变情况,预防地面沉降和塌陷所带来的危害,采集2014年11月—2017年11月果园港升轨和降轨的Sentinel-1A号数据,应用SBAS-InSAR技术进行地表形变数据提取与分析。结果表明:得到的垂直方向地表形变变化趋势与水准测量结果相一致;果园港地表垂直方向形变速率为-33.49~13.49 mm·a^(-1),东西方向形变速率为-16.16~29.44 mm·a^(-1);大幅度沉降主要发生在港口的堆场区和交通枢纽处,且沉降速率与距交通线路的距离呈现显著相关。

基于创新能力培养的3S技术及应用综合实验设计与实践——以地表沉陷InSAR数据处理为例

为提升实验课程效果、培养学生的创新能力,结合新时期防灾减灾专业人才需求,开展了3S技术及应用综合实验设计与实践研究。首先,明确了3S技术及应用综合实验课的目标,提出了相应的实验内容及实践步骤。其次,以地表沉陷专题为例,设计了以InSAR数据处理为主线的实验方案,包括具体的实验环节和实验过程。该实验充分融合3S技术及应用课程内容,有效结合课堂理论、学生科创、科研实践等,有助于提高学生的学习热情、增强学生的综合能力和创新意识。

基于PS-InSAR技术的晋城矿区地表形变监测及地质灾害风险预警

地表形变是一种严重的地质灾害现象,不仅严重影响灾害区居民的日常生活,而且会造成巨大的社会经济危害,尤其在采煤区。针对传统地表沉陷监测方法费时费力、无法获取地表沉降面状信息、难以进行地表沉陷灾害评估的不足,基于高分辨率SAR卫星影像,利用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对山西省晋城市晋城矿区2018年1月至2018年12月期间地表沉陷进行监测,分析获取了该地区地表连续形变情况,并利用该技术获取的海量PS点建立支持向量机(SVM)地质灾害风险评估预警模型,对晋城矿区周边居民点地质灾害风险进行了识别和预测。结果表明:晋城矿区10个煤矿及其周边区域存在较大的地表形变;晋城矿区平均LOS向年平均地表形变速率范围为-37~30.3 mm/a;PS-InSAR技术在晋城矿区地表形变监测中具有可行性,且可以实现矿区地质灾害风险综合识别和预警。

基于insar和人工监测新疆BEJ水库变形体稳定性分析

以新疆BEJ水库为研究对象,通过变形观测分析和理论计算,BX1体垂河向水平位移量为3.78 cm,平均速率0.038 mm/d;垂直沉降总量4.61 cm,平均速率0.046 mm/d;各阶段监测水平位移速率0.038 mm/d→0.023 mm/d→0.034 mm/d→0.015 mm/d→0.010 mm/d;水库蓄水后,BX1变形体发生明显变形,处于蠕动变形状态。建议加强监测预警工作,做好安全保障措施。

InSAR技术在普光气田地质灾害调查中的应用

普光气田高含硫化氢的集输管道经常需穿越一些地形地质条件复杂区域,这些地区通常又是地质灾害的高发区,不同类型的地质灾害威胁着管道的安全运行。通过雷达卫星数据对普光气田集输站场和集输管道周边滑坡进行了地表形变探测,共探测出32处地质灾害点;结合光学遥感影像目视解释和现场勘查^([1]),对普光气田103集气站南侧、胡家阀室、毛坝1井—1#阀室管线西侧共3处典型滑坡形变特征进行了详细分析。结果显示,该区域地质灾害变形速率受降雨的影响较大。调查结果能够对普光气田地质灾害防控工作提供重要的决策依据。

基于PS-InSAR技术的地表形变监测与驱动力分析

以昆明市官渡区为研究区,基于PS-InSAR技术,结合2019年1月—2021年12月覆盖官渡区的36幅Sentinel-1A升轨数据和36幅Sentinel-1A降轨数据,提取研究区内沿雷达视线向地表形变速率,并结合地理探测器对坡度、坡向、高程、降雨量、土地覆被类型、道路密度、距铁路的距离以及距地铁的距离进行单因子和多因子交互的驱动力分析。结果表明,升轨形变速率范围为-30.67~18.27 mm/a,降轨形变速率范围为-24.58~24.36 mm/a,共识别出4个沉降漏斗;通过升降轨数据的交叉验证,证明了利用PS-InSAR技术监测地表形变的可行性;距铁路的距离对官渡区地表形变空间分异的影响最强,同时多因子交互作用增强了地表形变的空间分异。

基于时序InSAR的九龙江河口地区地面沉降时空演变规律及成因分析

为探明九龙江河口地区地面沉降情况,本研究采用小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量(small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar, SBAS-InSAR)和永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture rader, PS-InSAR)技术获取了2017年1月至2022年3月地面沉降的时空分布信息和演变规律,并结合实地调查数据和水文地质调查监测资料对地面沉降成因进行了系统分析。研究结果表明:SBAS-InSAR和PS-InSAR两种方法均发现在研究期间九龙河口地区地面整体呈现出沉降趋势,SBAS-InSAR监测结果发现研究区沉降速率为6.2 mm/a;研究期间该区域的沉降中心持续扩大且沉降量呈增加趋势,最大累积沉降量达到250 mm以上,主要分布在浮宫镇中南部地区、海澄镇、东园镇中南部地区、角美镇和榜山镇东南部地区;该区域由于大量抽取地下水用于养殖,地下水位下降,引起淤泥层发生固结排水、压密,从而导致地面沉降。