Information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City──Application of GIS

For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.

Ideas of establishing the information system for emergence decisions on the protection against earthquakes and disaster reduction in cities (application of GIS)

ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities .The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information,distribution of earthquake intensity,evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency(which mainly includes project of disaster relief,project of personnel evacuation,dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articlesstoring places and protection measures against them,assistant decision on fire due to earthquake,location of headquarter for providing disaster relief,and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings(including lifeline engineering)are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.

Safety Evaluation Method of Evacuation Routes in Areas in Case of Earthquake Disasters Using Ant Optimization Algorithm and Geographic Information Systems

The present study aims to propose the method for the quantitative evaluation of safety concerning evacuation routes in case of earthquake disasters in urban areas using ACO （Ant Colony Optimization） algorithm and GIS （Geographic Information Systems）. Regarding the safety evaluation method, firstly, the similarity in safety was focused on while taking into consideration road blockage probability, and after classifying roads by means of the hierarchical cluster analysis, the congestion rates of evacuation routes using ACO simulations were estimated. Based on these results, the multiple evacuation routes extracted were visualized on digital maps by means of GIS, and its safety was evaluated. Furthermore, the selection of safe evacuation routes between evacuation sites, for cases when the possibility of large-scale evacuation after an earthquake disaster is high, is made possible. As the safety evaluation method is based on public information, by obtaining the same geographic information as the present study, it is effective in other areas regardless of whether the information is of the past and future. Therefore, in addition to spatial reproducibility, the safety evaluation method also has high temporal reproducibility. Because safety evaluations are conducted on evacuation routes based on quantified data, highly safe evacuation routes that are selected have been quantitatively evaluated, and thus serve as an effective indicator when selecting evacuation routes.

Security of earthquake disaster reduction system

No matter whether a system is operated manually or automatically controlled by computer, the system’s vulnerability always exists. Earthquake Disaster Reduction System (EDRS) belongs to the category of information system. According to the features of security for EDRS, the steps and the methods on how to build the EDRS security were analyzed. The EDRS security features, security strategies and security measures were also given through a distributed EDRS skeleton that has been applied. Because there was still no appointed and authoritative agency or organization to certify and test EDRS security in China, a national information technology security certification center was introduced and suggested for the certification of the EDRS security. Finally, several discussions and tendencies for the EDRS development were presented.

Volunteer Activities in Time of Disaster in Japan＇s Highly Information-Oriented Society

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of volunteer activities in times of disaster, while taking into account the influence of the orientation towards information intensity, which is an important feature of contemporary Japanese society, and focusing on the volunteer activities for recovery and reconstruction in the disaster-stricken areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake. In modern Japanese society, because volunteer activities are being conducted in a variety of forms, those who wish to volunteer can participate in volunteer activities that suit their own situation. Further, in a highly information-oriented society such as modern Japan, many kinds of information systems can be used to conduct a variety of volunteer activities. Also, know-how concerning the introduction and methods of volunteer activity and recruitment for participants in volunteer activities are introduced using various information media, and there are many volunteer activities to choose from. Therefore, it is possible that through the diversification of volunteer activities, many people become involved in volunteer activities on a long-term basis, using ways of doing so that are possible for themselves.

融媒体背景下防震减灾新型科普模式探索与研究

随着互联网技术的提升,我国科普信息传播模式也随之发生改变。资源通融、内容兼融、宣传互融、利益共融的新型融媒体时代为防震减灾科普模式的发展提供了机遇,也提出了新的挑战。在互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等大环境下,大众对于地震科学普及的要求越来越高,防震减灾的科普工作日益受到重视。本文探讨了新媒体发挥各自的优势,加强公众的需求分析,利用信息技术促进地震科普传播的必然趋势,提高大众对防震减灾的认知,能够充分了解地震,具备避震和震后自救的能力,最大限度地减少地震造成的损失。通过不断更新的传播媒介,探索与研究防震减灾新型科普宣传模式。

基于震后舆情的灾情信息提取研究

大地震发生后,通常会出现大量关于地震灾害的信息并在网络中快速传播,为快速准确地获取地震灾情信息,开展基于震后舆情提取灾情信息的相关研究。首先构建灾情信息挖掘模型,建立灾情关键词表,通过计算词向量相似度,快速提取地震灾情等相关信息。同时以“山东德州原平5.5级地震”为案例,验证构建模型在地震灾情提取方面的效果及其可行性和实用性。结果表明,该研究可为震后快速应对和处置灾情提供一定的参考数据和决策依据。

中国地震局地震应急响应信息服务平台设计与实现

中国地震局地震应急响应信息服务平台是国家级震后各类应急产品汇聚与共享平台。平台为各级应急指挥人员提供全链条地震应急响应业务信息,为应急指挥决策提供信息支撑。平台具有地震应急服务响应等级信息服务、地震应急产品汇聚、现场灾情汇聚和应急响应工作资料支撑等功能。平台用户涉及中国地震局下属各单位,信息服务内容涉及指挥中心、地震速报、震情研判、灾情快报和现场应急。平台通过用户分组和任务分工实现业务管理和业务工作的无缝衔接,充分发挥整个地震局系统各单位的业务优势,实现各单位应急协同和业务联动,在多次重大破坏性地震应急期间迅速完成了信息的汇聚与共享,为应急处置工作的顺利开展提供了强有力的信息支撑。

河北省风险普查信息资源元数据标准研究——以地震灾害为例

河北省第一次全国自然灾害综合风险普查工作开展至今,积累了大量的数据信息资源,基本实现了地震灾害相关基础数据与其他信息资源的全覆盖。为稳固和提升普查成果、探索数据管理标准化路径,同时为自然灾害综合风险普查数据归集研究奠定基础,本文从综合防灾减灾的指导思想出发,构建地震灾害信息资源元数据标准及其扩展机制,帮助普查数据有效归集与统一管理,以期促进普查数据成果再利用,使普查数据成果更好地服务于地震灾害防治工作,进而促进大数据等现代技术在综合防灾减灾领域的科学应用。

基于CiteSpace的中国地震灾情研究热点及前沿演进

使用科学计量学软件CiteSpace,以中国知网(CNKI)收录的地震灾情研究领域近20年(2003—2022年)的文献资料为数据来源,对地震灾情研究的总体分布、研究热点及前沿演进轨迹进行研究。结果显示,近20年来关于地震灾情研究的文献数量不多,且与地震事件密切相关,研究机构主要以承担地震工作的职能部门为主,主要研究热点集中在灾情数据获取和灾情信息提取。经分析,地震灾情研究的演进轨迹可划分为起步阶段、发展阶段和深化阶段,目前的研究热点方向主要为灾情数据的获取,处于地震灾情研究的初级阶段,是奠定坚实基础的重要阶段。未来,我国地震灾情研究要加强学科融合,注重拓展灾情信息提取、灾情上报与发布等研究方向,结合主流技术实现地震灾情的智能化、动态化、三维化。

地震信息公共服务需求调查分析

按照内容将地震信息公共服务分为震情信息服务、灾情信息服务、科普信息服务,并有针对性地面向公众类用户、政府类用户、行业类用户分别开展服务需求问卷调查。结果表明,社会对地震信息公共服务需求较大。地震信息公共服务在产品丰富性、服务精准性、形式多样性等方面还有较大的提升空间,还需从科技创新、个性化服务、融合发展、宣传推广等多方面入手,切实提升地震信息服务质量。

遥感信息技术在地震灾害检测中的应用方法

为实现对地震灾害的精准检测,研究基于遥感信息技术的地震灾害检测方法。引进遥感信息技术,搭建数字化遥感图像可视化处理模型,进行图像测绘与成像;引进ICA算法,提取地震灾害图像的纹理特征;按照输出时序对纹理特征进行排序,得到具有连续化特征的区域地质变化影像,实现基于数据动态监测的地震发生点定位。实验结果证明,该文设计的地震灾害检测方法,不仅可以实现对地震灾害发生点的定位,还可以确保灾害定位结果的精准度。

Media Preference, Information Needs, and the Language Proficiency of Foreigners in Japan after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the Japanese government identified the lack of proficiency in the Japanese language as one characteristic of foreigners that should be considered in disaster prevention planning.This article seeks to understand how proficiency in a local language affects disaster information gathering behavior by using the results of a questionnaire survey conducted after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Respondents were categorized based on their Japanese and English language abilities. Their media mode, language preferences, information importance, and information-gathering difficulties also were examined. It was found that foreigners skilled in Japanese demonstrated similar information gathering behavior as Japanese respondents, but foreigners unskilled in Japanese showed little usage of Japanese-language media. This group also encountered difficulties due to a lack of Japanese proficiency, but many members were able to acquire some level of Japanese-language information through Internet-based methods. To address language proficiency in disaster prevention planning, information provision in languages other than Japanese should be increased, and Japanese information should be shared in a way that facilitates translation. Although this survey wassignificant in its scope, the results should be considered within the limitations of the Internet-based response collection and focus only on the less-affected area of Japan.

面向地震应急管理的地震灾害档案信息服务能力建设

本文立足于地震灾害档案信息服务能力与地震应急管理工作的内在关联,对当前研究动态和实践症结进行了概述,通过分析面向地震应急管理的地震灾害档案信息服务能力的表现形式,从推动地震灾害档案信息服务与应急管理的深度融合、促进信息的共建共享、在档案治理中提升地震灾害档案信息服务能力三个角度提出地震灾害档案信息服务能力建设的路径。通过探讨在地震灾害应急管理工作中全程融入地震灾害档案信息服务,针对地震应急处置工作不同阶段中政府和社会各界关于地震灾情和决策支持信息需求,提供精准高效的地震应急响应和应急处置工作信息服务,提升地震应急处置能力。

基于手机位置数据的地震重灾区识别方法研究

震后快速确定地震重灾区对于准确地开展地震应急救援工作具有重要的指导意义。以九寨沟地震为案例,探索了一种基于手机位置数据的地震重灾区识别方法。文中首先介绍了灾情识别的原理和框架,通过分析地震前后手机位置数据的变化,推演地震前后灾区人员分布的变化,并进一步反演地震重灾区的空间分布。灾情分析分为两个阶段:手机位置数据预处理和地震重灾区识别。手机位置数据预处理是将文本格式的手机位置数据空间化处理,包括从手机位置数据分析的角度确定震前和震后时间,即名义地震时间,接着根据名义地震时间采用栅格地图的方式转换文本手机位置数据。接着采用冷热点空间分析方法,分析地震前后人员分布增加或减少明显的区域,从而确定地震重灾区分布和人员安置区。利用标准差椭圆方法推演地震断裂带破裂方向,为震后快速评估地震造成的损失提供基础。对比九寨沟地震实际地震影响场,发现分析出的地震重灾区和安置区与其基本一致,检测出的发震断裂带方向也与震后科学考察一致,验证了文中分析方法的有效性。

基于微信的地市级地震信息服务系统开发与应用

以地方地震基础数据为依托,通过数据收集和分析、基础数据库建设、数据挖掘、模型建立,采用B/S开发模式,以PHP+MySQL结合JavaScript编程语言作为开发工具,利用图像预处理技术、LBS技术、AJAX技术实现WebGIS地图服务,构建智能化、情景化、自动化的地市级地震信息服务系统,实现地震专题服务及公众服务无缝对接。利用微信公众号快捷传递信息的优点,为社会公众快速了解震情、应急避险提供服务,为地震部门、应急指挥机构、学校、大型企业模拟演练提供技术支持,为政府抗震救灾提供决策依据。

地震应急灾情服务进展

地震应急的概念早在20世纪60—70年代由国外提出,而在中国正式确立于90年代初,发展至今已得到长足的进步,并且当前正面临着飞速发展、赶超国际先进水平的良好机遇。地震应急是一项准军事化行动,其关键点在于能否在最短的时间内,做出科学合理的决策并付诸行动,突显灾情服务的紧迫性和必要性。地震应急灾情服务面向决策者及其支持者,同时也面向灾区内外、社会各界、乃至国际社会的广大民众,其内容包括灾情数据的快速获取、灾情信息的快速提取以及灾情的上报与发布等。中国地震应急灾情服务面临着急迫的各方需求,然而在机制上、技术手段上,与国外的先进水平有不少差距,尚不能满足当前地震应急的要求。其根本原因是,灾情服务的整体流程、灾情上报与决策支持、灾情的分类分级发布等各方面的机制不够完善;灾情服务中,尤其是灾情数据快速获取中高新技术的利用率非常低;灾情数据与信息的快速处理能力比较弱,相关基础研究落后。因此,建议加强地震应急灾情服务整体架构的建设与优化以及中央机关对它的统筹管理;加强高新技术在灾情服务中的综合应用;加强应急救援新技术、新设备的研发。

基于互联网的地震灾情信息分类编码与初步应用研究

根据互联网地震灾情信息的特点,参考以往研究对灾情信息的分类情况,遵循已制定的信息分类编码的相关行业和国家标准,结合地震应急响应和处置的需求,紧紧围绕方便计算机存储、查询和使用,服务于灾情会商、影响场判定以及应急救援指挥决策工作的目的,采用最基本、最常用的线分类方法,将互联网地震灾情信息按一定的原则和方法进行区分和归类,并建立起一定的分类体系和排列顺序。在分类基础上,利用层次码编码方式,制定出适合实际应用的灾情信息编码规则和编码结构。以2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震为例,利用互联网收集的灾情信息,进行分类编码及反演对比分析,结果表明,互联网地震灾情信息的灾区范围和受灾程度分布图,与实际调查发布的烈度分布图的范围和受灾程度较为接近,体现出本文分类体系和编码结构的实际作用和价值。

基于GIS／GSM的南京市地震灾情速报系统

介绍南京市地震灾情速报系统的工作原理,论述基于地理信息系统(GIS)与全球移动通信系统(GSM)的灾情速报流程.在参考标准地震烈度表的基础上,实现对历史灾情的分解和描述,建立简洁的、便于交互的灾情短信代码.分析南京市地震灾情速报系统的开发方法,设计系统原型结构.结合南京市基础地理信息系统数据,实现了南京市地震灾情速报员的建库管理.最后通过应用ArcEngine和.Net,开发了南京市地震灾情速报系统,该系统在实际地震检验中取得了较好的效果.

地震现场灾情信息编码研究

针对地震现场灾情信息的多源性、复杂性、离散性、异构性特点,按照科学性、实用性、简明性、兼容性、扩延性、唯一性等原则,采用线分类法和面分类法相结合的方法,将灾情信息分为地震灾情信息、应急救援信息、救灾效益信息和地震行业信息共4大类30个子类。在分类基础上,采用树式结构和链式结构相结合的编码方法,提出一套灾情信息的编码机制,实现了灾区信息的科学化、标准化、通用化管理。