Multi-spheric interactions driven differential formation and accumulation of hydrocarbon resources in the North Sea Basin

The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap rocks.The late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the Okhotsk Sea and Arctic regions) from the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth in order to provide new theoretical support for increasing the identification of oil and gas reserves globally. The development of artificial intelligence in the petroleum industry should focus on the massive amount of exploration and geological data collected in the North Sea Basin.Through digital geological innovation, carbon neutral comprehensive utilization of oil, gas, and associated resources(e.g.,helium and hydrogen) can be achieved, providing a new paradigm for global oil and gas exploration and development.

地球系统演化对中国海相超深层油气形成与富集的控制作用

以四川盆地和塔里木盆地古生界为例,详细论述了地球系统演化和多圈层相互作用对中国海相超深层油气形成与富集的控制作用。通过探讨超大陆散聚和区域构造运动控制下的盆地“源-储-盖”叠置发育和匹配程度,以及温压系统和断裂输导体系控制的油气生成和富集机制,发现华南和塔里木陆块同步漂移过程中,两次经过低纬度哈德里环流带的热带辐合区(ITCZ),均形成了优质烃源岩;提出深部构造活动和地表气候演变共同控制了四川盆地和塔里木盆地超深层烃源岩、储层和盖层的类型和发育层位,形成了埃迪卡拉系—寒武系、寒武系—奥陶系、寒武系—二叠系和二叠系—三叠系的多个油气系统。源-储-盖匹配程度、烃源岩母质类型、盆地深部热体制和跨构造期埋深-隆升过程,联合控制油气从生成到富集的全过程,形成了台缘带近源充注成藏、高能滩远源断裂连通成藏、走滑破裂带立体成藏3种油气富集模式,最终促使四川盆地超深层多层系天然气富集和塔里木盆地超深层油气共富集。

Control of Earth system evolution on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petroleum in China

Taking the Paleozoic of the Sichuan and Tarim basins in China as example,the controlling effects of the Earth system evolution and multi-spherical interactions on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petroleum in China have been elaborated.By discussing the development of“source-reservoir-seal”controlled by the breakup and assembly of supercontinents and regional tectonic movements,and the mechanisms of petroleum generation and accumulation controlled by temperature-pressure system and fault conduit system,Both the South China and Tarim blocks passed through the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ)of the low-latitude Hadley Cell twice during their drifts,and formed hydrocarbon source rocks with high quality.It is proposed that deep tectonic activities and surface climate evolution jointly controlled the types and stratigraphic positions of ultra-deep hydrocarbon source rocks,reservoirs,and seals in the Sichuan and Tarim basins,forming multiple petroleum systems in the Ediacaran-Cambrian,Cambrian-Ordovician,Cambrian-Permian and Permian-Triassic strata.The matching degree of source-reservoir-seal,the type of organic matter in source rocks,the deep thermal regime of basin,and the burial-uplift process across tectonic periods collectively control the entire process from the generation to the accumulation of oil and gas.Three types of oil and gas enrichment models are formed,including near-source accumulation in platform marginal zones,distant-source accumulation in high-energy beaches through faults,and three-dimensional accumulation in strike-slip fault zones,which ultimately result in the multi-layered natural gas enrichment in ultra-deep layers of the Sichuan Basin and co-enrichment of oil and gas in the ultra-deep layers of the Tarim Basin.

球形电动机及其研究发展综述

球形电动机是一种具有球体结构的新型电动机,可单机实现在三维空间内的多自由度运动,且适合应用于人工智能及姿态控制系统动量球等相关领域,得到了各国学者的广泛关注与研究。球形电动机拓展了转子运动范围,是电动机行业未来的一个重要发展方向。与传统单自由度电动机相比,球形电动机结构较为复杂,且运动模式较为特殊,因此,对球形电动机的分析研究有别于传统单自由度电动机。该文整理各国学者对球形电动机的研究工作,总结归纳球形电动机的概念及发展历程,对比研究球形电动机不同的工作原理、拓扑结构及设计优化方法,探讨球形电动机的性能、转子位置检测方法、控制方法、转子支撑方式、应用场合及关键技术,最后总结球形电动机的未来发展趋势。

海域重力异常模型的多尺度分析

不同于传统的重力异常模型精度分析方法,本文以马里亚纳海沟区域(140°E—150°E,10°N—20°N)为例,利用DOG球面小波提取了DTU10、DTU17和SIO V32.1模型在不同波段内的重力异常信号,对模型间的差异进行了深入分析,并对基于径向基函数的不同深度、不同分辨率的多尺度分析进行了尝试。利用DOG球面小波对各模型多尺度分析的结果表明,随着尺度变小,模型间的差异在变大;DTU10、DTU17模型间的差异主要集中在10.9~43.6 km的波段内,分布在海岸、海沟、海底山附近,体现了Cryosat-2、Jason-1/GM观测数据和FES2014海潮模型的贡献;受模型构建方法不同、观测数据增多和波形重跟踪的影响,DTU17、SIO V32.1模型的差异大于DTU10、DTU17之间的差异。对传统径向基函数进行了改进,实现了多深度、多空间分辨率情况下径向基函数多尺度分析,结果略优于单一深度、单一空间分辨率径向基函数构建结果,有望应用于多源数据的重力场模型构建。

沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望

沉积盆地的波状运动是板块内部地壳运动的主要表现形式,沉积盆地的形成演化是地球系统中各种波动过程相互叠加的结果。盆地波动过程分析从沉积速率时间序列中分解出有周期规律的波动曲线,获得盆地演化历史的新认识,主要包括控制盆地演化的波动周期与成藏旋回、盆地地壳升降运动与油气生成及热演化的关系、不整合面的时空分布与剥蚀量恢复、多尺度波动叠加控制下的地层格架时空分布与生储盖层配置关系、隆拗变迁规律与油气藏保存的关系等。盆地波动过程分析技术将成盆、成烃和成藏的研究思路与地壳的波动过程有机融合,可以定量描述油气成藏动态演化过程,对油气勘探实践具有指导作用。沉积盆地波动过程研究未来应着重开展超长天文周期与地球深部动力学旋回驱动的盆地波动机制研究,加强地质证据与数值模拟技术融合,完善盆地波动过程分析方法,推进盆地波动理论成果转化以全面理解圈层相互作用与资源环境效应。充分发挥盆地波动分析技术对油气藏分布规律的预测功能,为油气资源远景评价与勘探提供科学依据。

空间分布系列球壳声场耦合与辐射特性研究

针对大深度载人潜器的多球壳组合结构,以水介质中任意空间分布的系列弹性球壳为研究对象,利用球函数平移加法定理,建立计及球壳间声场相互作用的多球壳系统声振耦合模型,计算分析空间分布系列球壳的声场耦合特性及其影响因素。结果表明:声场相互作用将改变球壳模态间耦合关系,使得单阶模态对球壳振动的贡献不再限于单个峰值,进而影响声辐射频谱特征;双球壳系统受激球壳和非受激球壳都产生声辐射,轴向激励情况下,两球壳间存在强声场耦合效应,激励力偏离轴向时,声场耦合效应逐渐减弱;不同尺度球壳组成的双球壳系统扩展了声场有效耦合的频率范围,辐射声场兼具两个球壳的模态特征;多球壳串列布置时,声场耦合效应具有传递作用,多球壳按不同角度分散布置时,辐射声场空间分布则更趋复杂。

纳米多层各向同性弹性球壳的轴对称自由振动

经典连续体力学理论不再适用于具有尺度效应的微纳结构问题求解。运用状态空间方法和非局域弹性理论,建立考虑非局域效应的纳米多层球壳模型,求解了纳米多层球壳的轴对称自由振动问题。分别以不同半径的银、金纳米粒子为例进行计算并与低频拉曼散射实验值进行比较。研究结果表明:取纳米粒子的半径为材料的内特征尺度,各粒子结构自由振动频率的计算值与实验值基本相符。上述力学模型有望应用于超声作用下纳米靶向超声造影剂振动分析或其他纳米多层壳结构振动分析等。

Earth vitality:An integrated framework for tracking Earth sustainability

The Anthropocene era is characterized by the escalating impact of human activities on the environment,as well as the increasingly complex interactions among various components of the Earth system.These factors greatly affect the Earth's evolutionary trajectory.Despite notable strides in sustainable development practices worldwide,it remains unclear to what extent we have achieved Earth sustainability.Consequently,there is a pressing need to enhance conceptual and methodological frameworks to measure sustainability progress accurately.To address this need,we developed an Earth Vitality Framework that aids in tracking the Earth sustainability progress by considering interactions between spheres,recognizing the equal relationship between humans and nature,and presenting a threshold scheme for all measures.We applied this framework at global and national scales to demonstrate its usefulness.Our findings reveal that the current Earth Vitality Index is 63.74,indicating that the Earth is in a"weak"vitality.Irrational social institutions,unsatisfactory life experiences and the poor state of the biosphere and hydrosphere have remarkably affected the Earth vitality.Additionally,inequality exists between high-income and low-income countries.Although most of the former exhibit poor human-nature interaction,all of them enjoy good human well-being,while the opposite is true for the latter.Finally,we summarize the challenges and possible options for enhancing the Earth vitality in terms of coping with spillover effects,tipping cascades,feedback,and heterogeneity.

面向组网雷达干扰任务的多机伴随式编队航迹预规划方法

针对多目标突防组网雷达系统场景,为有效提高干扰效果以及突防成功率,编队航迹规划尤为重要。因此,首先构建航迹规划模型,从飞行器自身约束、航迹安全性、机间协调以及任务完成效果4个方面出发,结合多机伴随式编队及其所处环境特点,提出较为完备的航迹规划准则,形成一个新的整体目标函数;其次,为有效描述每架飞机的机动特性以及伴飞干扰机与目标飞机间的联系,提高算法搜索能力,提出基于多球面矢量(multi-spherical vector-based,MS)方法;为进一步提高算法的探索和开发能力,提出多面球矢量逐航迹点学习混合粒子群优化(multi-spherical vector-based hybrid particle swarm optimization with track point by track point learning,TLHPSO)算法,并将两者相结合,形成基于多面球矢量的逐航迹点学习混合粒子群优化(MS-based hybrid particle swarm optimization with track point by track point learning,MS-TLHPSO)航迹规划方法;最后,构建相应仿真场景进行验证。对比结果表明,MS方法以及TLHPSO优化算法在寻优能力上具有明显优势;同时,所提算法在不同初始场景下最优解的平均值均优于其他算法,充分说明所提算法能够在保证稳定性的前提下规划具有更高可信度的编队航迹。

一种全空域圆极化相控阵天线的优化设计

针对全空域多目标通信的应用需求,设计了一种具有32单元的圆极化半球面相控阵天线。为满足低仰角目标通信需求,采用半球加圆柱的布阵方式,通过详细对比分析不同激活角域与单元增益下的阵列性能,确定最优的阵列设计。仿真结果表明,该天线从0°~90°扫描过程中,天线增益大于13.8 dBi,增益波动小于1.8 dB,能够适用于全空域多目标通信的场合。

球形关节关键技术研究进展

球形关节是一种结构简单紧凑、响应快、精确度高的单一球转子多自由度电机,在航天航空、先进医疗设备、智能机器人等众多领域有着广阔的应用前景。针对球形关节的部分关键技术进行了分析总结,首先对当前一些主流球形关节的驱动原理和结构进行了分类整理,介绍了各类球形关节的驱动方法和技术特征;其次针对位姿检测研究主要技术路线进行了总结归纳。最后,基于上述讨论分析了球形关节研究的关键技术发展趋势,为后续球形关节研究提供了参考。

多造型采光瓦设计与制作研究

基于传统透光瓦片设计一种创新性产品,采用球形采光件镶嵌于瓦片中,能够实现光线的均匀透过和扩散,使得照明效果更加柔和均匀。通过利用自然光在室内进行照明,减少白天室内对人工照明的依赖,从而降低能源消耗和碳排放。此外通过更换球形采光件颜色和大小,实现光颜色的改变和光照强度大小的改变,从而根据不同场景和需求,创造出各种不同的光效和氛围,应用于室内和室外的装饰照明,为建筑物、景观和艺术装置增添独特的视觉效果,提升空间的美感和吸引力。同时,该装置采用耐热、耐候和耐腐蚀的材质制成,具有较长的使用寿命和较低的维护成本。该设计能够为人们提供更加美观、节能和环保的照明解决方案。

多焦点非球面人工晶体在老年性白内障手术患者中的应用效果及安全性分析

目的 研究多焦点非球面人工晶体在老年性白内障手术患者中的应用效果及安全性。方法 选取2021年10月—2023年5月在本院就诊的94例老年性白内障手术患者为研究对象,根据植入晶体的不同进行分组,对照组、观察组分别植入单焦点球面人工晶体、多焦点非球面人工晶体,每组47例。对比两组的治疗情况。结果 术后1周、3个月时的裸眼近视力与远视力、最佳矫正近视力与远视力,均是观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后角膜散光度小于术前,术后VF-14评分以及明视环境中不同空间频率时的敏感度均高于对照组,暗视环境下8cpd、12cpd时的敏感度低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);近视脱镜率、视觉干扰发生率组间对比,观察组居更高水平;并发症发生率方面,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在老年性白内障手术患者中应用多焦点非球面人工晶体更有助于其视力、对比敏感度的改善,促使患者术后对眼镜的依赖性下降,提升了视觉质量以及安全性。

Geant4 simulation of multi-sphere spectrometer response function and the detection of 241Am–Be neutron spectrum

This paper is aimed at detecting the neutron spectrum of^(241)Am–Be, a widely used neutron source, with the SP9 ~3He proportional counter, which is a multi-sphere spectrometer system of eight thermal neutron detectors embedded in eight polyethylene(PE) spheres of varying diameters. The transport processes of a neutron in the multi-sphere spectrometer are simulated using the Geant4 code. Two sets of response functions of the PE spheres are obtained for calculating the^(241)Am–Be neutron spectrum.Response Function 1 utilizes the thermal neutron scattering model G4 Neutron HPThermal Scattering for neutron energies of ≤4 eV, and Response Function 2 has no thermal treatment. Neutron spectra of an^(241)Am–Be neutron source are measured and compared to those calculated by using the response functions. The results show that response function with thermal treatment is more accurate and closer to the real spectrum.

基于摩擦摆球型支座的多跨曲线连续梁桥抗震性能

为了探讨多跨曲线连续梁桥的抗震性能和减隔震方法,对基于摩擦摆球型支座的多跨曲线连续梁桥构建了有限元模型,并进行了动力特性和非线性时程分析.结果表明,桥梁模型的纵向刚度弱于横向刚度,且第1阶振型对桥墩纵向地震反应贡献较大,振型参与系数为29.8%,第6阶振型对桥墩横向地震反应贡献较大,振型参与系数为20%;在E1地震作用下,设置的摩擦摆球型支座能够使桥梁保持弹性工作状态,且支座变形和伸缩缝宽度满足要求;在E2地震作用下,部分桥墩的截面最大弯矩需求大于截面的抗弯承载能力,而进一步的桥墩强度验算发现,结果均满足抗震需求.

球形发射换能器多目标优化设计

为了解决球形发射换能器多约束条件下的离散/连续变量混合型非线性多目标优化问题,基于等效电路理论,建立了球形换能器的电学-力学-声学耦合模型,以辐射声源级、输入电功率和质量为优化目标函数,材料属性参数、结构尺寸参数、工作频率范围和输入电压为设计变量,压电陶瓷电退极化极限、结构强度极限、功率容量等物理特性以及设计变量取值等为约束条件,构建了球形换能器多目标优化数学模型;利用第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)进行了球形换能器多目标优化设计,获得Pareto前沿解集;并通过实验验证了优化结果的有效性。结果表明,采用多目标优化方法设计和制作的球形发射换能器样机,在满足辐射声源级要求的前提下,工作频率范围内输入功率降低了32.8%,质量减轻了27.4%。研究结果可为严苛条件限制下的发射换能器优化设计提供参考。

一种双圆极化半球面相控阵天线的优化设计

针对全空域多目标通信的应用需求,设计了一种具有32阵元的双圆极化半球面相控阵天线。为满足低仰角目标通信需求,采用半球加圆柱的布阵方式,通过详细对比分析三种不同阵元排布方式下的天线性能,确定最优的布阵方式。仿真结果表明,该天线从0°~102.5°扫描过程中,天线增益大于13.3 dBi,增益波动小于2.5 dB。该相控阵天线能够适用于全空域多目标通信的场合。

多弧槽球面配流副润滑特性分析与多目标优化

为改善锥形缸体球面配流副油膜润滑特性,提出一种多弧槽球面配流副结构,并采用遗传算法对多弧槽球面配流结构进行多目标优化。首先,对多弧槽球面配流副进行理论建模,采用有限容积法对油膜压力控制方程进行离散化,利用环形三对角矩阵算法(CTDMA)求解球面配流副压力分布;然后,对多弧槽球面配流副承载特性进行仿真,分析球面配流副不同弧槽结构下的油膜厚度分布及压力分布规律;最后,以缸体倾角、泄漏量和摩擦转矩为优化目标,利用多目标遗传算法优化多弧槽球面配流副的结构参数。结果表明:多弧槽结构可提升球面配流副油膜承载能力,弧槽结构最小膜厚下降3.1%~4.0%,弧槽结构最大压力显著提高,最大增幅为16.3%;同时可有效降低泄漏量、摩擦转矩,优化后综合目标性能提升10.5%,缸体倾角、泄漏量和摩擦转矩分别下降5.1%、8.1%和5.9%,有效提升了球面配流副润滑性能。

全空域多目标测控系统研究综述

随着在轨航天器数量向着千颗量级发展,传统测控系统“一对一”测控方式已经难以适应未来大规模在轨航天器测控管理任务。为适应航天领域的发展需求,全空域多目标测控系统应运而生。全空域多目标测控系统是球面相控阵技术与数字多波束合成技术在测控系统中的首次应用,具备空间多个目标同时测控的能力。首先,介绍了全空域多目标测控系统的基本结构和原理;其次,综述了全空域多目标测控系统国内外研究现状、应用及实现的关键技术;最后,指出了全空域多目标测控系统存在的主要问题及未来的主要研究方向,可为多目标测控系统的后续研究提供参考。