PASSIVE LOCATION AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS USING TDOA INFORMATION OF MULTI-STATIONS

ＰＡＳＳＩＶＥＬＯＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＡＣＣＵＲＡＣＹＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＵＳＩＮＧＴＤＯＡＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＵＬＴＩ┐ＳＴＡＴＩＯＮＳＹａｎｇＬｉｎ（杨林），ＺｈｏｕＹｉｙｕ（周一宇），ＳｕｎＺｈｏｎｇｋａｎｇ（孙仲康）（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆ...

Joint TDOA and AOA location algorithm

For the joint time difference of arrival（TDOA） and angle of arrival（AOA） location scene,two methods are proposed based on the rectangular coordinates and the polar coordinates,respectively.The problem is solved perfectly by calculating the target position with the joint TDOA and AOA location.On the condition of rectangular coordinates,first of all,it figures out the radial range between target and reference stations,then calculates the location of the target.In the case of polar coordinates,first of all,it figures out the azimuth between target and reference stations,then figures out the radial range between target and reference stations,finally obtains the location of the target.Simultaneously,simulation analyses show that the theoretical analysis is correct,and the proposed methods also provide the application of the joint TDOA and AOA location algorithm with the theoretical basis.

BFGS quasi-Newton location algorithm using TDOAs and GROAs

With the emergence of location-based applications in various fields, the higher accuracy of positioning is demanded. By utilizing the time differences of arrival （TDOAs） and gain ratios of arrival （GROAs）, an efficient algorithm for estimating the position is proposed, which exploits the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno （BFGS） quasi-Newton method to solve nonlinear equations at the source location under the additive measurement error. Although the accuracy of two-step weighted-least-square （WLS） method based on TDOAs and GROAs is very high, this method has a high computational complexity. While the proposed approach can achieve the same accuracy and bias with the lower computational complexity when the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is high, especially it can achieve better accuracy and smaller bias at a lower SNR. The proposed algorithm can be applied to the actual environment due to its real-time property and good robust performance. Simulation results show that with a good initial guess to begin with, the proposed estimator converges to the true solution and achieves the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） accuracy for both near-field and far-field sources.

Direct solution for fixed source location using well-posed TDOA and FDOA measurements

Based on the time differences of arrival(TDOA) and frequency differences of arrival(FDOA) measurements of the given planar stationary radiation source, the joint TDOA/FDOA location algorithm which solves the location of the target directly is proposed. Compared with weighted least squares(WLS) methods,the proposed algorithm is also suitable for well-posed conditions,and gets rid of the dependence on the constraints of Earth's surface. First of all, the solution formulas are expressed by the radial range. Then substitute it into the equation of the radial range to figure out the radial range between the target and the reference station. Finally use the solution expression of the target location to estimate the location of the target accurately. The proposed algorithm solves the problem that WLS methods have a large positioning error when the number of observation stations is not over-determined. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, including effectively increasing the positioning accuracy and reducing the number of observatories.

COMPARISON OF TDOA LOCATION ALGORITHMS WITH DIRECT SOLUTION METHOD

For Time Difference Of Arrival(TDOA) location based on multi-ground stations scene,two direct solution methods are proposed to solve the target position in TDOA location.Therein,the solving methods are realized in the rectangular and polar coordinates.On the condition of rectangular coordinates,first of all,it solves the radial range between the target and reference station,then cal-culates the location of the target.In the case of polar coordinates,the azimuth between the target and reference station is solved first,then the radial range between the target and reference station is figured out,finally the location of the target is obtained.Simultaneously,the simulation and comparison analysis are given in detail,and show that the polar solving method has the better fuzzy performance than that of rectangular coordinate.

基于RSSI和TDOA分层融合的无线定位算法

目前对于时间差定位差(Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA)的算法中,存在着定位偏差大、时间接收存在偏差等问题,直接导致定位精度受到很大影响。在各项定位算法中,基于接收信号强度定位算法(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI),具有覆盖面积广、精度高的特点,因此提出采用RSSI算法筛选修正过后进行TDOA算法的分层融合算法,使得整体的定位精度得到进一步提升。此分层融合算法可以提高定位精度,尽可能地减小因外部环境变化导致的定位误差。通过仿真可以看出,和现有的融合算法比较,该分层融合算法的可行性和稳定性有一定提升。

基于TDOA算法的特种车辆优先通行交通信号系统设计

为保证特种车辆能及时通行,解决社会车辆在面对红灯时不敢让、不及时让的问题,文中提出了一种基于TDOA定位算法的特种车辆交通信号系统。该系统采用TDOA算法对特种车辆进行定位,使用树莓派2代B板、stm32f103zet6最小系统板、声音传感器等对交通灯发出信号指令,以实现特种车的快速通行。

Wireless Location Determination for Mobile Objects Based on GSM in Intelligent Transportation Systems

The mobile object (MO) location determination technologies which can be used in intelligent transportation system (ITS) are studied in this paper. The principles and characteristics of wireless location determination technologies are introduced and the characteristics of GSM useful for location determination are also summarized. An experimental positioning system based on GSM is proposed, and the architecture is described. TOA method based on GSM signals and TDOA method are used in the experimental system. Moreover, the methods are simulated. The performance of the positioning methods is assessed in the simulation environment, and the accuracy for 67% mobile stations (MS) is 70m in urban areas.

基于IFA和TDOA的变压器局部放电特高频定位方法

非线性球面方程组的求解是变压器局部放电定位的关键技术之一,针对定位算法对时延误差敏感、容易陷入局部最优或误解等问题,提出基于改进萤火虫算法的变压器局部放电特高频定位方法。给出局部放电的定位模型和目标函数,对定位算法的适应度函数进行改进,对萤火虫算法的初始种群选择策略和萤火虫个体更新策略进行改进。仿真过程中,在理论时延下验证改进算法的可行性,通过改变时延大小模拟实际测量时的时延误差,并与其他定位算法进行对比,发现改进的定位算法平均定位误差为10.53 cm,满足定位精度要求。通过实验进一步验证了该算法的有效性和适用性。

基于TDOA的无人机集群协同单目标定位

无源定位作为现代信息化战场中电子侦察的重要技术,可以在自身不辐射电磁波的情况下实现对敌方目标的精确定位。以高灵活性、高安全性的无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)集群为接收站,研究基于到达时差测量的辐射源定位方法。作为高机动平台,UAV集群的位置误差更大,基于该情况对Chan算法、Taylor算法进行改进,并提出了一种粒子群泰勒协同的解算方法。与其他方法的定位结果进行对比,仿真结果表明所提的方法定位精度接近克拉美罗下界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB),解决了Taylor算法的初值问题。

Solution and simulation algorithm of microseismic events location to three-dimensional model by comprehensive location method based on Matlab

The essential for microseismic monitoring is fast and accurate calculation of seismic wave source location. The precision of most traditional microseismic monitoring processes of mines, using TDOA location method in two-dimensional space to position the microseismic events, as well as the accuracy of positioning microseismic events, may be reduced by the two-dimensional model and simple method, and ill-conditioned equations produced by TDOA location method will increase the positioning error. This article, based on inversion theory, studies the mathematical model of TDOA location method, polariza- tion analysis location method, and comprehensive difference location method of adding angle factor in the traditional TDOA location method. The feasibility of three methods is verified by numerical simulation and analysis of the positioning error of them. The results show that the comprehensive location method of adding angle difference has strong positioning stability and high positioning accuracy, and it may reduce the impact effectively about ill-conditioned equations to positioning results. Comprehensive location method with the data of actual measure may get better positioning results.

Multiple moving sources passive location based on multiset canonical correlation analysis

To solve the problem of multiple moving sources passive location, a novel blind source separa- tion （BSS） algorithm based on the muhiset canonical correlation analysis （MCCA） is presented by exploiting the different temporal structure of uncorrelated source signals first, and then on the basis of this algorithm, a novel multiple moving sources passive location method is proposed using time difference of arrival （TDOA） and frequency difference of arrival （FDOA） measurements. The key technique of this location method is TDOA and FDOA joint estimation, which is based on BSS. By blindly separating mixed signals from multiple moving sources, the multiple sources location problem can be translated to each source location in turn, and the effect of interference and noise can also he removed. The simulation results illustrate that the performance of the MCCA algorithm is very good with relatively light computation burden, and the location algorithm is relatively simple and effective.

基于粒子群优化的TDOA声源定位方法

针对平面麦克风阵列的声源三维坐标估计问题,文中在TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival)声源定位算法中引入粒子群优化算法进行位置估计。利用PHAT(Phase Transform)加权函数的广义互相关法计算得到时延差的真实值,结合麦克风的坐标位置,通过几何关系计算出假设声源到达麦克风之间的时延差的估计值。设计时延真实值和估计值差值的平方和为粒子适应度函数,利用粒子群优化算法搜索空间中符合适应度函数的声源点,实现声源位置估计。仿真结果表明,在计算速度与球形插值法相近的情况下,文中所提算法比球形插值法具有更好的鲁棒性和抗噪性。

基于TDOA-Chan的UWB电缆隧道定位算法

针对电缆隧道狭窄长的空间特点,基于UWB定位技术,改进TDOA测距方案,提出基于双向双边TDOA测距的Chan算法与麻雀搜索算法融合的协同定位算法,降低多径环境信号干扰影响,优化初值,提高定位精度和计算效率。

适用于声源定位的气体绝缘输电线路超声导波传播特性研究

基于到达时间差(TDOA)的声源定位方法是当前气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)故障定位的主要方式,声波在GIL结构上的传输特性深刻影响着定位结果的准确性。为进一步提升故障定位精度,该文提出了考虑导波频散与多模态特性的GIL壳体声传输分析模型,以典型220 kV GIL管段为研究对象,建立声波传输有限元模型,研究了导波特性对故障定位的影响,确定了适用于故障定位的超声导波模态以及GIL非直管结构对该模态导波的衰减与时延量,通过现场定位试验验证了分析模型的可行性,为GIL声源故障定位系统的传感器配置与定位阈值设置提供了计算依据。结果表明,在20~60 kHz频带内,F(1,1)模态导波具有能量高、波形形状稳定、抗干扰能力强等特点,使用该模态导波进行故障定位精度较高。GIL非直管结构会对F(1,1)模态导波造成较大的幅值衰减与一定程度的时延,在故障定位中考虑非直管结构衰减与时延影响可以使定位误差降低60%以上。

TDOA被动定位方法及精度分析

本文提出了一种利用多站ＴＤＯＡ信息对辐射源定位的非线性方程组求解方法，该方法简洁准确，无需作迭代运算，计算量小。文中给出了该定位方法的精度分析，最后给出了在具体布站条件下的受控区域内的ＧＤＯＰ分布。

一种改进的TDOA无线传感器网络节点定位算法

传感器组成的无线网络中,准确获取每个传感器节点的位置信息有着非常关键的作用。在分析比较其他定位算法的基础上,采用了以精度较高的距离相关性为理论基础实现的TDOA定位算法,并针对实际情况对算法进行了优化改进。实验中为了得到节点声信号的到达时间差,对信号进行了ⅡR滤波处理和幅值包络分析。仿真和实验结果表明,文章中所设计的TDOA定位算法不仅大大减少了计算量,而且定位结果精确,是可行的。

基于泰勒级数展开的蜂窝TDOA定位算法

基于用户位置的应用已经成为移动数据业务的重要组成部分,使得蜂窝系统用户定位技术成为蜂窝移动通信领域的研究热点。泰勒级数展开算法因为具有精度高和顽健性强等特点而在求解非线性定位方程组中得到了广泛的应用,但它对初始值有很强的依赖性。本文使用最小二乘方法估计用户位置的初始值并使用泰勒级数展开算法确定用户坐标。通过对算法的仿真分析,结果表明本算法具有近似于基于真实值的泰勒级数展开算法的性能。

一种新的稳健的TDOA定位算法

该文提出了一种利用TDOA进行定位的新算法,它利用了有关相对量测误差上限和站址扰动上限的先验知识基础上,对伪线性TDOA方程组进行求解,其算法较为稳定,通过仿真发现可知该算法有较好的性能,在定位精度上比传统定位方法有所提高。

双星TDOA/FDOA定位系统的目标定位精度分析

根据双星时差/频差(TDOA/FDOA)的定位原理,推导了目标定位精度模型,分析了目标定位精度与轨道高度、星间基线长度、TDOA测量精度、FDOA测量精度、卫星速度测量精度、卫星位置测量精度等误差源之间的关系。分析结果表明:测量因素中的FDOA测量精度和卫星速度测量精度,是影响双星定位的关键因素;而TDOA测量精度和卫星位置测量精度,对目标定位精度的影响较小。