Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms,often inconsistently.This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on ...Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms,often inconsistently.This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly context-dependent.Recent attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity experts.This work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions,creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on biodiversity.We have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity studies.While quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included,information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking,shallow,or based on broad and heterogeneous classifications.We discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process,and ultimately propose a common framework.This will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe,and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management policies.The standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions.展开更多
城市生物多样性是生物多样性保护和城市生态建设的重要内容。为全面了解欧洲城市生物多样性的研究进展,进而为我国城市生物多样性研究和开展国际合作提供参考,文章利用Web of Science数据库进行检索,获取1998年以来欧洲各国有关城市生...城市生物多样性是生物多样性保护和城市生态建设的重要内容。为全面了解欧洲城市生物多样性的研究进展,进而为我国城市生物多样性研究和开展国际合作提供参考,文章利用Web of Science数据库进行检索,获取1998年以来欧洲各国有关城市生物多样性的相关研究文献共554篇。通过对文献内容的整理分析发现:城市生物多样性研究在欧洲发达国家成果颇丰,且研究对象涉及植物、昆虫、鸟类以及哺乳动物多个生物类群;不同生物类群受城市环境的影响存在差异,植物多样性和传粉昆虫多样性更可能受到城市环境的积极影响,而甲虫、鸟类和哺乳动物在城市中多样性较低;人为活动与栖息地质量是影响城市生物多样性的主要因素,此外,城市外来物种的增加以及专化种的减少可能导致生物同质化。基于文献分析结果和生物多样性保护工作实践,指出未来城市生物多样性研究应该更加趋向于多尺度、多领域、多学科的交叉,以及科学研究成果的实践落地性和指导性。展开更多
基金This review was funded by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 through the COST Association(www.cost.eu):COST Action CA18207:BOTTOMS-UP–Biodiversity of Temperate Forest Taxa Orienting Management Sustainability by Unifying Perspectives.TC and TS acknowledge the support of the NBFC to the University of Padova,funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,PNRR,Missione 4 Componente 2,“Dalla ricerca all’impresa”,Investimento 1.4,Project CN00000033.
文摘Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms,often inconsistently.This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly context-dependent.Recent attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity experts.This work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions,creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on biodiversity.We have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity studies.While quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included,information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking,shallow,or based on broad and heterogeneous classifications.We discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process,and ultimately propose a common framework.This will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe,and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management policies.The standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions.
文摘城市生物多样性是生物多样性保护和城市生态建设的重要内容。为全面了解欧洲城市生物多样性的研究进展,进而为我国城市生物多样性研究和开展国际合作提供参考,文章利用Web of Science数据库进行检索,获取1998年以来欧洲各国有关城市生物多样性的相关研究文献共554篇。通过对文献内容的整理分析发现:城市生物多样性研究在欧洲发达国家成果颇丰,且研究对象涉及植物、昆虫、鸟类以及哺乳动物多个生物类群;不同生物类群受城市环境的影响存在差异,植物多样性和传粉昆虫多样性更可能受到城市环境的积极影响,而甲虫、鸟类和哺乳动物在城市中多样性较低;人为活动与栖息地质量是影响城市生物多样性的主要因素,此外,城市外来物种的增加以及专化种的减少可能导致生物同质化。基于文献分析结果和生物多样性保护工作实践,指出未来城市生物多样性研究应该更加趋向于多尺度、多领域、多学科的交叉,以及科学研究成果的实践落地性和指导性。
