Real-time in situ observation of P53-mediated cascade activation of apoptotic pathways with nucleic acid multicolor fluorescent probes based on symmetrical gold nanostars

T-2 toxin,one of the most dangerous natural pollutants,induces apoptosis through multiple pathways.Amongst,P53 mediated apoptosis pathway,an important collection of molecules,plays a key role in cell vital activity.Real-time monitoring of upstream and downstream activation relationships of P53 mRNA,Bax mRNA,and cytochrome c(Cyt c)in signaling pathways is of great significance for understanding the apoptotic machinery in human physiology.In this work,a novel nucleic acid multicolor fluorescent probe,based on silica-coated symmetric gold nanostars(S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)),was developed for highly sensitive in situ real-time imaging of P53 mRNA,Bax mRNA,and Cyt c during T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis.The nucleic acid chains modified with carboxyl groups were modified on the surface of S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)by amide reaction.The complementary chains of targeted mRNA and the aptamer of targeted Cyt c were modified with different fluorophores,respectively,and successfully hybridized on S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)surface.When targets were present,the fluorescent chains bound to the targets and detached from the material,resulting in the quenched fluorescence being revived.The probes based on S-AuNSs showed excellent performance is partly ascribed to the presence of 20 symmetric“hot spots”.Notably,the amide-bonded probe exhibited excellent anti-interference capability against biological agents(nucleases and biothiols).During the real-time fluorescence imaging of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis,the corresponding fluorescence signals of P53 mRNA,Bax mRNA,and Cyt c were observed sequentially.Therefore,S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)probe not only provides a novel tool for real-time monitoring of apoptosis pathways cascade but also has considerable potential in disease diagnosis and pharmaceutical medical.

Lanthanide coordinated multicolor fluorescent polymeric hydrogels for bio-inspired shape/color switchable actuation through local diffusion of Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)ions

Lanthanide coordinated multicolor fluorescent polymeric hydrogels(MFPHs)are quite promising for various applications because of their sharp fluorescence bands and high color purity.However,few attempts have been carried out to locally regulate their fluorescence switching or shape deforming behaviors,but such studies are very useful for patterned materials with disparate functions.Herein,the picolinate moieties that can sensitize Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)luminescence via antenna effect were chemically introduced into interpenetrating double networks to produce a robust kind of lanthanide coordinated MFPHs.Upon varying the doping ratio of Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+),fluorescence colors of the obtained hydrogels were continuously regulated from green to orange and then red.Importantly,spatial fluorescence color control within the hydrogel matrix could be facilely realized by controlled diffusion of Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)ions,producing a number of 2D hydrogel objects with local multicolor fluorescent patterns.Furthermore,the differential swelling capacities between the fluorescent patterned and non-fluorescent parts led to interesting 2D-to-3D shape deformation to give well-defined multicolor fluorescent 3D hydrogel configurations.Based on these results,bio-inspired synergistic color/shape changeable actuators were demonstrated.The present study provided a promising strategy to achieve the local fluorescence and shape control within lanthanide coordinated hydrogels,and is expected to be expanded for fabricating useful patterned materials with disparate functions.

Chromosome analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line KYSE 410-4 by repetitive multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization

Chromosome aberrations are distinctive features of human malignant tumors. Analysis of chromosomal changes can illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of cancer. To establish the technique of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization （M-FISH） for identifying chromosome aberrations in esophageal carcinoma cell line KYSE 410-4, four pools of 6-color whole-chromosome painting probes have been designed and hybridized on the same metaphase spread by four rounds of repetitive FISH. Repetitive 6-color M-FISH was successfully established and the cytogenetic abnormalities in KYSE 410-4 cells were characterized. Chromosome gains occurred at 2q, 3, 8, 17p, and X. An isochromosome 3q was visualized in the cell line, which might be one intermediate mechanism leading to 3p losses and/or 3q gains. Furthermore, 16 structural arrangements were detected, including four derivative chromosomes. The rearrangement of the centromeric regions accounted for approximately 44% of all rearrangements. The results added a more complete and accurate information of the genetic alterations to the classical cytogenetic description of KYSE 410-4 and provided a detailed cytogenetic background data for appropriate use of the cell line. The established 6-color M-FISH was useful for analyzing chromosomes in the whole genome of human tumors.

Synergistic fluorescent hydrogel actuators with selective spatial shape/color-changing behaviors via interfacial supramolecular assembly

Biomimetic intelligent polymeric hydrogel actuators with cooperative fluorescence-color switchable behaviors are expected to find great potential applications in soft robotics,visual detection/display,and camouflage applications.However,it remains challenging to realize the spatial manipulation of synergistic shape/color-changing behaviors.Herein,we report an interfacial supramolecular assembly(ISA)approach that enables the construction of robust fluorescent polymeric hydrogel actuators with spatially anisotropic structures.On the basis of this ISA approach,diverse 2D/3D soft fluorescent hydrogel actuators,including chameleon-and octopi-shaped ones with spatially anisotropic structures,were facilely assembled from two different fluorescent hydrogel building blocks sharing the same physically cross-linked agar network.Spatially control over synergistic shape/color-changing behaviors was then realized in one single anisotropic hydrogel actuator.The proposed ISA approach is universal and expected to open promising avenues for developing powerful bioinspired intelligent soft actuators/robotics with selective spatial shape/color-changing behaviors.

Controlling molecular assembly on time scale:Time-dependent multicolor fluorescence for information encryption

Dynamic assembly on time scale is common in biological systems but rare for artificial materials,especially for smart luminescent materials.Programming molecular assembly in a spatio-temporal manner and resulting in white-light-including multicolor fluorescence with time-dynamic features remains challenging.Herein,controlling molecular assembly on time scale is achieved by integrating a pH-responsive motif to a transient alkaline solution which is fabricated by activators(NaOH)and deactivators(esters),leading to automatic assembly on time scale and time-dependent multicolor fluorescence changing from blue to white and yellow.The kinetics of the assembly process is dependent on the ester hydrolysis process,which can be controlled by varying ester concentrations,temperature,initial pH,stirring rate and ester structures.This dynamic fluorescent system can be further developed for intelligent fluorescent materials such as fluorescent ink,three-dimension(3D)codes and even four-dimension(4D)codes,exhibiting a promising potential for information encryption.

Dynamic Crosslinked Phosphorescent Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Terpyridine Films with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Shape Memory

Achieving versatile room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials,especially with tunable mechanical properties and shape memory is attractive and essential but rarely reported.Here,a strategy was reported to realize multi-functional RTP films with multicolor fluorescence,ultralong afterglow,adjustable mechanical properties,and shape memory through the synergistic dynamic interaction of lanthanide(Ln~Ⅲ)-terpyridine coordination,borate ester bonds,and hydrogen bondings in a poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)matrix.By varying the amount of borax,the mechanical properties of the films could be finely controlled due to the change of crosslinking degree of dynamic borate ester bonds in PVA.The assembly and disassembly of borate ester bonds upon the trigger of borax and acid were applied as reversible linkage to achieve programmable shape memory behavior.In addition,the films displayed both fascinating multicolor fluorescence and ultralong afterglow characteristics due to the presence of Ln III doping and confinement of terpyridine in PVA.This study provides a new avenue to impart modulable mechanical strength and shape memory to RTP materials.

Hydrogels with UCST behavior and UV/temperature-induced multicolor fluorescence for synergistic coding and encryption

The development of hydrogels capable of emitting multicolor fluorescence presents a promising avenue for addressing concerns related to information leakage and distortion of sensitive data.The integration of multifactorinduced tunable fluorescence with a unique upper critical solution temperature(UCST)behavior in hydrogels significantly contributes to the development of multi-dimensional and multi-level information storage materials that can dynamically display information as well as offer a high level of security and protection for information.However,the fusion of these advantageous properties into hydrogels intended for information storage and display remains a considerable challenge.In this context,we introduce a novel three-dimensional(3D)fluorescent code-producing hydrogel array fabricated via vat photopolymerization(VP)3D printing,a technique offers a sustainable and efficient approach.This array unites the desired properties,capable of sequentially revealing concealed information through two distinct steps:(i)a heat-induced phase transition,and(ii)multicolor fluorescence triggered by ultraviolet(UV)/temperature exposure under specific conditions(i.e.,certain UV irradiation duration,heating time,and wavelength).The reversible transparency and reprogrammable fluorescence emission properties of these hydrogels are expected to significantly enhance the processes of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.This advancement could potentially revolutionize the field of information security.