Overview of China's Antarctic research progress 1984–2016

It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980 s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering.

Hazardous waste incineration in a rotary kiln:a review

Hazardous waste output in the world is increasing every year.To achieve higher efficiency and lower pollution,the incin-eration technology for hazardous waste needs to be studied further.This study mainly reviews the research progress in incineration,slagging,and pollutant emission in the rotary kiln in China and abroad in the last 10 years,and conducts a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the research.Considering that there are many variables involved in the incineration process,the incineration law cannot be validated in a limited timeframe by experiments.Researchers often use computer simulations to predict and verify the incineration process through experiments and to provide reference opinions for com-mercial operations.Through the analysis of the research progress in rotary kilns,it is observed that the basic research in rotary kilns is becoming mature.The latest research trend in rotary kilns is interdisciplinary and mixed research.From a new perspective,further research should be focused on a comparative analysis of the rotary kiln and the cement kiln,full life cycle assessment of the impact factors of rotary kiln on the environment,the impact of the factory treatment process on the workers’health,etc.The research direction of rotary kiln in China and abroad for the future has been predicted reasonably.

The role of multilateral organizations and governments in advancing social innovation in health care delivery

Background:Despite great medical advances and scientific progress over the past century,one billion people globally still lack access to basic health care services.In the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development social innovation models aim to provide effective solutions that bridge the health care delivery gap,address equity and create social value.This commentary highlights the roles of multilateral organizations and governments in creating an enabling environment where social innovations can more effectively integrate into health systems to maximize their impact on beneficiaries.Main text:The integration of social innovations into health systems is essential to ensure their sustainability and the wide dissemination of their impact.Effective partnerships,strong engagement with and endorsement by governments and communities,regulations,trust and sometimes willingness are key factors to enhance system integration,replication and dissemination of the models.Three examples of social innovations selected by the Social Innovation in Health Initiative illustrate the importance of engaging with governments and communities in order to link,integrate and synergize their efforts.Key challenges that they encountered,and lessons learnt are highlighted.Multilateral organizations and governments increasingly engage in promoting and supporting the development,testing and dissemination of social innovations to address the health care delivery gap.They play an important role in creating an enabling environment.This includes promoting the concept of social innovation in health care delivery,spreading social innovation approach and lessons learnt,fostering partnerships and leveraging resources,convening communities,health system actors and various stakeholders to work together across disciplines and sectors,and nurturing capacity in countries.Conclusions:Multilateral organizations and local and national governments have a critical role to play in creating an enabling environment where social innovations can flourish.In supporting and disseminating social innovation approach,multilateral organizations and governments have a great opportunity to accelerate Universal Health Coverage and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

What if communities held the solutions for universal health coverage?

This commentary highlights the value of community-engaged social innovations to advance health care delivery in low-and middle-income countries and to accelerate universal health coverage.It emphasizes the importance of research to guide the innovators on what works,what does not work to make their innovations sustainable and to replicate and scale them up as relevant.It also helps to demonstrate impact and to enhance uptake within the health systems.