Reversing multidrug resistance by RNA interference through the suppression of MDR1 gene in human hepatoma cells

AIM： To reverse the multidrug resistance （MDR） by RNA interference （RNAi）-mediated MDRI suppression in heparoma cells.METHODS： For reversing MDR by RNAi technology, two different short hairpin RNAs （shRNAs） were designed and constructed into pGenSil-1 plasmid, respectively. They were then transfected into a highly adriarnycin-resistant HepG2 hepatorna cell line （HepG2/ADM）. The RNAi effect on MDR was evaluated by real-time PCR, cell cytotoxicity assay and rhodarnine 123 （Rh123） efflux assy. RESULTS： The stably-transfected clones showed various degrees of reversal of MDR phenotype. Surprisingly, the MDR phenotype was completely reversed in two transfected clones. CONCLUSION： MDR can be reversed by the shRNAmediated MDRI suppression in HepG2/ADM cells, which provides a valuable clue to make multidrug-resistant hepatoma cells sensitive to anti-cancer drugs.

Breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP/ABCG2):its role in multidrug resistance and regulation of its gene expression

Breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2(ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporter identified as a molecular cause of multidrug resistance(MDR) in diverse cancer cells.BCRP physiologically functions as a part of a self-defense mechanism for the organism;it enhances elimination of toxic xenobiotic substances and harmful agents in the gut and biliary tract,as well as through the blood-brain,placental,and possibly blood-testis barriers.BCRP recognizes and transports numerous anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted small therapeutic molecules relatively new in clinical use.Thus,BCRP expression in cancer cells directly causes MDR by active efflux of anticancer drugs.Because BCRP is also known to be a stem cell marker,its expression in cancer cells could be a manifestation of metabolic and signaling pathways that confer multiple mechanisms of drug resistance,self-renewal(stemness),and invasiveness(aggressiveness),and thereby impart a poor prognosis.Therefore,blocking BCRP-mediated active efflux may provide a therapeutic benefit for cancers.Delineating the precise molecular mechanisms for BCRP gene expression may lead to identification of a novel molecular target to modulate BCRP-mediated MDR.Current evidence suggests that BCRP gene transcription is regulated by a number of trans-acting elements including hypoxia inducible factor 1α,estrogen receptor,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.Furthermore,alternative promoter usage,demethylation of the BCRP promoter,and histone modification are likely associated with drug-induced BCRP overexpression in cancer cells.Finally,PI3K/AKT signaling may play a critical role in modulating BCRP function under a variety of conditions.These biological events seem involved in a complicated manner.Untangling the events would be an essential first step to developing a method to modulate BCRP function to aid patients with cancer.This review will present a synopsis of the impact of BCRP-mediated MDR in cancer cells,and the molecular mechanisms of acquired MDR currently postulated in a variety of human cancers.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and multidrug resistance 1 gene to refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children

BACKGROUND： There are two hypotheses for the underlying cause of refractory epilepsy： ＂target＂ and ＂transport＂. Studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） is over-expressed in refractory epilepsy. Multidrug resistance 1 （MDR1） gene encodes for P-glycoprotein, the primary ATP-binding cassette transporter in the human body. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene have been associated with refractory epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the association between BDNF gene C270T polymorphism and MDR1 T-129C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children through the use of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control, genetic association study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2005 to November 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 84 cases of unrelated children with epilepsy, including 41 cases of refractory epilepsy and 43 cases of drug-responsive epilepsy, were enrolled. An additional 30 healthy, Chinese Han children, whose ages and gender matched the refractory epilepsy patients, were selected as normal controls. METHODS： Venous blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood specimens. C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Association analysis using the Ftest and Chi-square test was statistically performed between C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene. RESULTS： The distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, as well as C and T allele frequencies, in the BDNF gene was not significantly different between the refractory epilepsy group, drug-responsive epilepsy group, or the normal control group （P 〉 0.05）. The distribution of TT genotype and T allele frequencies of the MDR1 gene was significantly different in the refractory epilepsy group compared with the drug-responsive epilepsy and normal control groups （P 〈 0.05）. Comparison of haplotype combinations demonstrated that there were no significant differences in combinations of TT＋CC, -FI-＋CT, TC＋CC, and TC＋CT among the three groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： C270T polymorphism of the BDNF gene was not associated with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children, but T-129C polymorphism in the MDR1 gene was associated with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children. The TT genotype and T allele frequencies could serve as susceptibility loci for refractory epilepsy. Interactions between C270T in BDNF gene and T-129C in MDR1 gene were not observed in refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children.

Expression of multidrug resistance 1 gene and C3435T genetic polymorphism in peripheral blood of patients with intractable epilepsy

BACKGROUND： Increased expression of multidrug resistance 1 （MDR1） mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with intractable epilepsy is not due to epilepsy drugs, but epilepsy behavior. Monitoring MDR1 expression in peripheral blood is a target for MDR1 gene evaluation. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influence of antiepileptic drugs and seizures on MDR expression in intractable epilepsy, and to analyze the genetic polymorphisms of C3435T in the MDRl gene. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Factorial designs and comparative observations at the experimental center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University between October 2003 and October 2004. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 120 subjects were recruited from the epilepsy clinical department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College. Four groups （n = 30） were classified according to statistical factorial design： intractable epilepsy, treatment response, no treatment, and normal control groups. METHODS： One-step semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction technology was used to test expressions of the MDR1 gene in 120 subjects. C3435T polymorphisms in intractable epilepsy group and normal control groups were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of MDR1 mRNA in the four groups, and C3435T genetic polymorphisms in intractable epilepsy and normal control groups. RESULTS： MDRl gene expression was increased in the intractable epilepsy group, due to the factor seizures, but not the antiepileptic drugs. However, the interaction between the two factors was not statistically significant. Of the 30 subjects in the intractable epilepsy group, the following genotypes were exhibited： 3 （10%） C/C genotype, 9 （30%） C/T genotype, and 18 （60%） T/T genotype at the site of C3435T, while 4 （13%）, 10 （33%）, and 16 （53%） subjects were determined to express these genotypes in the normal control group, respectively. C and T allele frequency were 25% and 75% in the intractable epilepsy group, and 30% and 70% in the normal control group, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSION： Results demonstrated that seizures, not antiepileptic drugs, induced MDR1 gene expression in intractable epilepsy. Genetic polymorphisms of C3435T in the MDR1 gene did not contribute to the development of multidrug resistance in patients with intractable epilepsy.

Chitosan/pshRNA Plasmid Nanoparticles Targeting MDR1 Gene Reverse Paclitaxel Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells

In order to investigate the effect of chitosan/pshRNA plasmid nanoparticles targeting MDR1 genes on the resistance of A2780/TS cells to paclitaxel, chitosan/pshRNA plasmid nanoparti- cles were synthesized by means of a complex coacervation technique and transfected into A2780/TS cells. The cells transfected with MDRl-targeted chitosan/pshRNA plasmid nanoparticles were experimental cells and the cells transfected with chitosan/pGPU6/GFP/Neo no-load plasmid nanoparticles served as negative control cells. Morphological features of the nanoparticles were observed under transmission electron microscope （TEM）. MDR1 mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Half-inhibitory concentration （IC50） ofpaclitaxel for A2780/TS cells was determined by MTT method. TEM showed that the nanoparticles were round-shaped, smooth in surface and the diameters varied from 80 to 120 nm. The MDR1 mRNA in the transfected cells was significantly decreased by 17.6%, 27.8% and 52.6% on the post-transfection day 2, 4 and 7 when compared with that in A2780/TS cells control （P〈0.05）. MTT assay revealed that the relative reversal efficiency was increased over time and was 29.6%, 51.2% and 61.3% respectively in the transfected cells 2, 4, 7 days after transfection and IC_50 （0.197±0.003, 0.144±0.001, 0.120±0.004） were decreased with difference being significant when compared with that in A2780/TS （0.269±0.003） cells control （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that chitosan/pshRNA plasmid nanoparticles targeting MDR1 can effectively reverse the paclitaxel resistance in A2780/TS cells in a time-dependent manner.

Synergistic Effect of Hyperthermia and Neferine on Reverse Multidrug Resistance in Adriamycin-resistant SGC7901/ADM Gastric Cancer Cells

Multidrug resistance（MDR） plays a major obstacle to successful gastric cancer chemotherapy.The purpose of this study was to investigate the MDR reversal effect and mechanisms of hyperthermia in combination with neferine（Nef） in adriamycin（ADM） resistant human SGC7901/ADM gastric cancer cells.The MDR cells were heated at 42℃ and 45℃ for 30 min alone or combined with 10 μg/mL Nef.The cytotoxic effect of ADM was evaluated by MTT assay.Cellular plasma membrane lipid fluidity was detected by fluorescence polarization technique.Intracellular accumulation of ADM was monitored with high performance liquid chromatography.Mdr-1 mRNA,P-glycoprotein（P-gp）,γH2AX expression and γH2AX foci formation were determined by real-time PCR,Western blot and immunocytochemical staining respectively.It was found that different heating methods induced different cytotoxic effects.Water submerged hyperthermia had the strongest cytotoxicity of ADM and Nef combined with hyperthermia had a synergistic cytotoxicity of ADM in the MDR cells.The water submerged hyperthermia increased the cell membrane fluidity.Both water submerged hyperthermia and Nef increased the intracellular accumulation of ADM.The water submerged hyperthermia and Nef down-regulated the expression of mdr-1 mRNA and P-gp.The water submerged hyperthermia could damage DNA and increase the γH2AX expression of SGC7901/ADM cells.The higher temperature was,the worse effect was.Our results show that combined treatment of hyperthermia with Nef can synergistically reverse MDR in human SGC7901/ADM gastric cancer cells.

Detection and clinical significance of multidrug resistance-1 mRNA in bone marrow cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR

Objective： Multidrug resistance（MDR） is one of the most important reasons for treatment failure and recurrence of acute leukemia. Its manifestations are different in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL） which may be due to different detection methods. This study was to detect the expression of MDR1 mRNA in bone marrow cells of children with ALL by real-time fluorescence- quantitative reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction（FQ-RT-PCR）, and combine minimal residual desease（MRD） detection by flow cytometry（FCM） and to study their relationship with treatment response and prognosis of ALL. Methods：The MDR1 mRNA levels in bone marrow cells from 67 children with ALL[28 had newly diagnosed disease, 27 had achieved complete remission（CR）, 12 recurrent] and 22 children without leukemia were detected by FQ-RT-PCR. MRD was detected by FCM. The patients were observed for 9-101 months, with a median of 64 months. Results：Standard curves of human MDR1 and GAPDH genes were constructed successfully. MDR1 mRNA was detected in all children with a positive rate of 100%. The mRNA level of MDR1 was similar among the newly diagnosed ALL group, CR group, and control group（P 〉 0.05）, but significantly higher in the recurrence group than that in newly diagnosed disease group and control group（0.50 ± 0.55 vs. 0.09 ± 0.26 and 0.12 ± 0.23, P〈 0.05）. 54 ALL patients were followed up, and it was found that MDR1 mRNA level was significantly higher in ALL patients within 3 years duration than that of ALL patients with 3-6 years and over 6 years duration（0.63 ± 0.56 vs. 0.11 ± 0.12 and 0.04 ± 0.06, P〈 0.01）. For the 28 children with newly diagnosed disease, the MDR1 mRNA level was similar between WBC 〉 50 ~ 109 group and WBC〈50 × 10^9 group（P〉 0.05）. In the 33 CR patients, the MDR1 mRNA level was significantly higher in MRD〉10a group than that in MRD〈10a group（0.39 ± 0.47 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：The sensitivity and specificity of FQ-RT-PCR in detecting MDR1 mRNA in bone marrowy cells of children with ALL patients are high. MDR1 mRNA is expressed in children with and without leukemia. MDR1 mRNA is highly expressed in the CR ALL patients with high MRD, recurrence and short duration（within 3 years）. Monitoring MRD and the MDR1 mRNA level might be helpful for individual treatment.

Reversion of Multidrug-Resistance by Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in K562/DNR Cell Line

Objective：To observe the reversion of multi-drug resistance by proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in K562/DNR cell line and to analyze the possible mechanism of reversion of multidrug-resistance.Methods：MTT method was used to determine the drug resistance of K562/DNR cells and the cellular toxicity of bortezomib.K562/DNR cells were cultured for 12 hours,24 hours and 36 hours with 100 μg/ml DNR only or plus 4 μg/L bortezomib.The expressions of NF-κB,IκB and P-gp of K562/DNR were detected with Western blot method,the activity of NF-κB was tested by ELISA method and the apoptosis rate was observed in each group respectively.Results：The IC50 of DNR on cells of K562/S and K562/DNR groups were 1.16 μg/ml and 50.43 μg/mL,respectively.The drug-resistant fold was 43.47.The IC10 of PS-341 on Cell strain K562/DNR was 4 μg/L.Therefore,4 μg/L was selected as the concentration for PS-341 to reverse drug-resistance in this study.DNR induced down-regulation of IκB expression,up-regulation of NF-κB and P-gp expression.After treatment with PS-341,a proteasome inhibitor,the IκB degradation was inhibited,IκB expression increased,NF-κB and P-gp expression decreased in a time dependent manner.Compared to DNR group,the NF-κB p65 activity of DNR＋PS-341 group was decreased.Compared to corresponding DNR group,DNR induced apoptosis rate increases after addition of PS-341 in a time dependent manner.Conclusion：Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib can convert the leukemia cell drug resistance.The mechanism may be that bortezomib decreases the degradation of IκB and the expression of NF-κB and P-gp,therefore induces the apoptosis of multi-drug resistant cells.

EFFECTS OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY ON MDR1 AND MRP GENE EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCER

Objective: To investigate the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the expression of drug resistance genes, multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), in patients with primary breast cancer. Methods: MDR1 and MRP expression were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 20 patients with primary breast cancer, before and after chemotherapy. Results: Before chemotherapy, MDR1 and MRP expression can be detected in 15 cases (75%) and 18 cases (90%) respectively. After chemotherapy, expression of MDR1 is not significantly different from that before chemotherapy, but expression of MRP is significantly different from that before chemotherapy. Conclusion: Expression of drug resistance gene MRP, but not MDR1, is enhanced in patients with primary breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

非M3型急性白血病患者中MUC1基因和MDR1基因表达及其与临床疗效的关系

背景与目的:MUC1基因在胃癌、卵巢癌、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性淋巴瘤等肿瘤中有表达,在急性白血病患者中有较高的表达。但MUC1基因和多药耐药基因(MDR1)相互关系以及两者的表达与急性白血病治疗效果的关系尚有待探讨。本研究拟探讨MUC1基因与MDR1基因表达及其与非M3型急性白血病患者治疗效果的关系。方法:应用逆转录鄄聚合酶链反应(RT鄄PCR)法检测34例初治非M3型急性白血病患者MUC1和MDR1的表达,并观察两种基因表达及其与临床疗效的关系。结果:34例初治非M3型急性白血病患者中MUC1基因阳性率为50%,MDR1基因阳性率为29.4%。MUC1基因阳性患者的MDR1阳性率为52.9%,明显高于MUC1阴性者的5.9%(P=0.003)。MUC1基因阴性者完全缓解(CR)率达94.1%,阳性患者CR率52.9%,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05);MDR1基因阴性者CR率为91.7%,明显高于阳性患者的50.0%(P<0.05)。MUC1基因和MDR1基因均阳性者CR率为55.6%,MUC1基因和MDR1基因均阴性者16例,全部获得CR。结论:非M3型急性白血病MUC1基因阳性者MDR1基因表达率较高,MUC1基因及MDR1基因均为阴性者治疗缓解率高。提示联合检测MUC1基因和MDR1基因对判断初治非M3型急性白血病的疗效有良好的预测作用,可作为临床判断疗效的一项有意义的指标。

RNAi抑制NANOG表达对肝癌细胞HepG2中MDR1表达及阿霉素敏感性的影响

目的探讨抑制NANOG表达对肝癌细胞HepG2中多药耐药基因1(multidrug resistance gene 1,MDR1)表达及阿霉素敏感性的影响。方法将靶向NANOG基因的特异性siRNA转染肝癌细胞HepG2,Real-time PCR和Western blot检测siRNA沉默NANOG基因后NANOG、MDR1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,平板克隆形成实验检测沉默NANOG基因后对细胞增殖能力的影响,流式细胞术检测沉默NANOG基因后对细胞周期的影响,CCK-8法检测沉默NANOG基因后HepG2细胞对阿霉素的敏感性情况。结果靶向NANOG基因特异性siRNA转染肝癌细胞HepG2后,能有效抑制NANOG mRNA和蛋白表达,与Mock组比值分别为(0.32±0.05)和(0.38±0.08);与Mock组比较,沉默NANOG基因后,细胞克隆形成率下降[(8.51±3.63)%vs(17.13±2.24)%,P<0.05],进入G0/G1期的细胞比例增多[(75.33±8.21)%vs(57.81±5.05)%,P<0.05],HepG2细胞对阿霉素的敏感性增强(P<0.05),HepG2细胞内MDR1 mRNA和蛋白表达下降,与Mock组比值分别为(0.35±0.06)和(0.41±0.08)。结论抑制NANOG表达可引起肝癌细胞HepG2中MDR1的表达下调并增强细胞对阿霉素的敏感性。

MDR1 C1236T、G2677T/A、C3435T的基因多态性对中国汉族肾移植患者环孢素药动学的影响(英文)

目的探讨中国汉族人中肾移植患者的多药耐药基因（MDR1）外显子exon12 C1236T、exon21 G2677T／A、exon26 C3435T的单核苷酸多态性对免疫抑制剂环孢素（CsA）药动学的影响。方法采用聚合酶联反应和限制性内切片段长度多态性（PCRRFLP）的方法对89例肾移植术后的患者进行MDR1基因分型。单克隆抗体荧光免疫偏振法测定患者术后CsA的谷浓度（c0）及服药后2h浓度（c2）。比较不同基因型之间CsA浓度剂量比值的差异。结果在89例肾移植患者中，等位基因1236T、2677T、2677A、3435T突变频率分别为66％、43％、18％和37％。肾移植术后1mo内，G2677T／A基因多态性与CsA的药动学有相关性，2个等位基因都发生突变的患者，其剂量校正c0，在术后1～7d、8～15d和16～30d比野生型分别提高51％（P=0．005）、32％（P=0．002）和63％（P〈0．001）。在术后16～30d，无论携带有1个或2个突变等位基因的患者，剂量校正c2都要比野生型患者高26％（P=0．007）和19％（P=0．041）。C1236T的剂量校正c0在术后8～15d和16～30d各基因型之间差异显著，但以CC型与CT型差异最为显著，而CC型与TT型在16—30d，则差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。C3435T的不同基因型之间，剂量校正c0、c2差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在中国汉族肾移植患者中，MDRI的exon12 C1236T和exon21 G26771A的单核苷酸多态性与移植术后1mo内CsA的药动学有相关性。但把这种相关性应用在在临床上，对MDR1进行遗传学检测，以优化CsA的剂量，尚待进一步的研究。

人多药耐药基因1(mdr1)的克隆及重组腺病毒制备

目的:构建表达多药耐药基因1(MDR1)的重组腺病毒表达系统。方法:用基因工程技术将多药耐药基因1的cDNA亚克隆至穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV上,然后在细菌内与pAdEasy同源重组,经脂质体转染293细胞包装、扩增腺病毒颗粒。将重组腺病毒Ad5-mdr1感染小鼠单个核细胞,通过荧光显微镜及流式细胞仪进行检测。结果:酶切鉴定及PCR结果证明多药耐药基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功,构建的人多药耐药基因1(mdr1)重组腺病毒载体的效价达到8.3×1011pfu/ml。对小鼠单个核细胞的感染效率可达10%～15%,转染小鼠单个核细胞细胞48h后,可检测到mdr1基因的表达。结论:成功构建了表达多药耐药基因1的重组腺病毒载体,为后续对mdr1的相关研究创造了条件。

mdr1基因在多药耐药相关的几种人胃癌细胞系的表达

目的探讨mdr1在多药耐药相关的几种人胃癌细胞系中的转录、翻译、P-gp功能变动趋势。方法培养SGC7901/VCR(人胃癌多药耐药细胞亚系)、SGC7901和BGC823(人胃腺癌细胞系)于RPMI1640,用RT-PCR和原位杂交检测mdr1mRNA的表达,用免疫印迹和免疫组化检测P-gp的表达,用流式细胞仪检测阿霉素在细胞内的蓄积。结果半定量RT-PCR显示,SGC7901/VCRmdr1和β-actin吸收峰面积之比为5.63,SGC7901为0.61,BGC823为0.85。杂交信号呈紫蓝色颗粒,分布于胞质。免疫印迹显示SGC7901/VCRP-gp的表达最强,SGC7901最弱。P-gp阳性呈棕黄色颗粒,位于细胞膜上。SGC7901中,少数细胞P-gp表达极强。SGC7901/VCR平均光密度为(1.8310±0.8401),SGC7901为(0.3590±0.2512),BGC823为(0.6260±0.4996)(P<0.05)。SGC7901/VCR阿霉素特异荧光强度为(6.59±50.30),SGC7901为(35.88±14.55),BGC823为(27.44±7.06)(P<0.001)。结论在多药耐药相关的人胃癌细胞系SGC7901/VCR、SGC7901和BGC823中,mdr1基因均表达,P-gp具有药物外排功能,SGC7901/VCR的mdr1表达最强,SGC7901最弱,BGC823居中。

食管鳞癌中MDR1基因的表达与多药耐药的关系

目的探讨MDR1基因与食管鳞癌多药耐药的关系。方法逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测80例食管鳞癌、不典型增生及正常食管组织中MDR1基因的表达水平,并比较食管鳞癌组织中MDR1基因表达与不同临床参数之间的关系。利用阿霉素(ADM)药物浓度递增细胞培养方法建立食管癌多药耐药细胞Eca109/ADM,利用RT-PCR、流式细胞术及激光共聚焦显微镜检测Eca109/ADM细胞中MDR1基因及蛋白表达水平。结果 MDR1基因在食管鳞癌中的表达水平显著高于不典型增生及正常食管组织(P<0.05)。食管鳞癌中MDR1基因表达与食管癌细胞分化程度、有无淋巴结转移及浸润深度密切相关(P<0.05)。Eca109/ADM细胞中MDR1基因及蛋白表达水平显著高于其亲代细胞Eca109中的表达水平(P<0.05)。结论 MDR1基因在食管鳞癌中的异常高表达可能参与了多药耐药的形成。

MDR1、BCRP和LRP基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨多药耐药基因(MDR1)、乳腺癌耐药蛋白(BCRP)及肺耐药蛋白(LRP)mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其相互关系,分析它们与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系。方法采用RT-PCR方法检测2007年1月至2007年12月在宁夏医科大学附属医院手术切除的42例乳腺癌组织、42例癌旁组织及50例乳腺良性病变中MDR1、BCRP和LRP mRNA的表达。结果乳腺癌组织中MDR1、BCRP、LRP mRNA的阳性表达率分别为40.47%、38.09%及61.90%,与癌旁组织及乳腺良性病变组织相比阳性表达率均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。MDR1mRNA表达与绝经状况呈完全正相关(r=0.398,P<0.01),与腋窝淋巴结状况呈完全正相关(r=0.398,P<0.01);BCRP mRNA表达与腋窝淋巴结状况呈正相关(r=0.355,P<0.05);LRP mRNA表达与绝经状况、年龄、腋窝淋巴结状况及肿瘤大小之间均无相关性(P>0.05);MDR1mRNA和BCRP mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.652,P<0.01),LRP mRNA与MDR1mRNA表达无相关性(r=0.147,P>0.05);LRP mRNA和BCRP mRNA表达无相关性(r=0.111,P>0.05)。2个耐药基因共表达率为47.61%,2种或3种耐药基因共表达率为61.89%。结论乳腺癌组织中存在耐药基因MDR1、BCRP和LRP的表达,单基因和多基因协同作用,以多基因共表达为主;检测MDR1和BCRP基因表达水平可辅助临床判断乳腺癌患者的预后。

靶向mdr1不同位点的siRNA对两种耐药细胞MDR的逆转效果

目的:探讨靶向mdr14个不同位点的siRNAs对胃癌耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR和人红白血病耐药细胞K562/A02的作用效果.方法:设计并体外转录合成4条靶向mdr1的siRNAs(mdr1si326、mdr1si1513、mdr1si2631及mdr1si3071),分别转染SGC7901/VCR细胞和K562/A02细胞,用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学检测mdr1mRNA与P-gp的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞内阿霉素(ADR)的蓄积,MTT法检测细胞对阿霉素的敏感性.结果:4条siRNAs对人胃癌细胞SGC7901/VCRmdr1介导的MDR逆转效果由高到低依次为mdr1si326、mdr1si2631、mdr1si3071及mdr1si1513;对人红白血病细胞K562/A02mdr1介导的MDR逆转效果由高到低依次为mdr1si326、mdr1si2631、mdr1si3071及mdr1si1513.结论:4条siRNAs对SGC7901/VCR和K562/A02两种耐药细胞作用效果趋势相似.

儿童急性白血病Bcl-2基因MDR1基因表达及意义(英文)

目的 研究Bcl 2 ,MDR1基因与儿童急性白血病耐药的关系及其临床意义。方法 采用逆转录多聚酶链式反应 (RT PCR)技术 ,对 36例急性白血病患儿及 10例血小板减少性紫癜患儿 (对照 )骨髓单个核细胞中Bcl 2和MDR1基因的表达进行检测。结果 ①初治组、复发组Bcl 2基因表达明显高于对照组 ,差异均有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。初治组、完全缓解组Bcl 2基因表达明显低于复发组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。复发组MDR1基因的表达明显高于对照组、初治组、完全缓解组 (P <0 .0 1或 0 .0 5 )。初治组与对照组间及完全缓解组与对照组间的MDR1表达差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。②Bcl 2和MDR1基因的表达与白血病临床特征如性别、年龄、初诊时白细胞数、骨髓中幼稚细胞百分数及肝、脾、淋巴结肿大程度均无显著相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。③Bcl 2与MDR1基因之间无显著相关性 (rs=0 .30 8,P>0 .0 5 )。结论 Bcl 2和MDR1基因可能通过不同的机制导致白血病的耐药。

MDR1、GSTπ特异性siRNA真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建多药耐药基因(MDR1)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTπ)特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)真核表达载体并检测其表达。方法参照siRNA模板设计原则,设计并化学合成2条siRNA模板序列,退火后将其插入质粒pSilencer2.1-U6,限制性酶切和基因测序进行鉴定。脂质体介导下转染K562/Adr细胞,实时荧光定量PCR分析MDR1、GSTπmRNA的表达,荧光免疫组化检测Pgp、GSTπ蛋白的表达。结果重组质粒pSilenc-er2.1-MDR1、GSTπ经酶切、测序分析表明siRNA模板序列成功插入预计位点,并且序列正确。用pSilencer-mdr1、pSilencer2.1-GSTπ分别转染K562/Adr细胞株,mdr1mRNA表达量下降了71.5%,GSTπmRNA表达量下降了39.8%,荧光免疫组化显示Pgp、GSTπ表达均显著减少(P<0.01)。结论成功构建了MDR1、GSTπ特异性siRNA真核表达载体,该载体可不同程度逆转K562/Adr细胞的多药耐药。

MDR1 shRNA对人脑胶质瘤干细胞多药耐药性实验研究

目的构建多药耐药基因(MDR1)的短发卡RNA表达质粒,并检测其对胶质瘤干细胞药物敏感性的作用。方法培养脑胶质瘤干细胞;根据MDR1的DNA序列设计shRNA,用Siport xp-1脂质体法转染胶质瘤干细胞。分别采用定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和Western blot检测转染前后MDR1 mRNA和蛋白表达情况;使用活细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)对转染后细胞进行药物敏感性试验,评价shRNA对多药耐药性的逆转作用。结果成功构建MDR1 shRNA表达质粒,转染组MDR1 mRNA表达水平有所下降(P<0.05),转染5d组下降最明显;RT-PCR结果显示MDR1 mRNA水平降低,第3、5、7d抑制率分别为78.46%±14.17%,82.02%±11.87%,79.5%±13.27%。Western blot结果显示:shRNA转染组P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的表达降低,第3、5、7d抑制率分别为58.1%±6.5%,39.5%±5.2%,45.8%±8.6%;而药敏实验显示:阿霉素、长春新碱对转染MDR1 shRNA的胶质瘤干细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)均有不同程度降低,且出现凋亡峰(P<0.05)。结论MDR1短发卡RNA可在转录后水平对多药耐药进行调节,下调MDR1基因表达,提高药物敏感性,诱导细胞凋亡。