多功能热电织物用于可穿戴无线传感系统

Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables,such as wearable power generation,self-powered sensing,and personal thermal management.However,with the rapid development of Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),higher standards for comfort,multifunctionality,and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed,and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices.Herein,we present a multifunctional,wearable,and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s^(-1)air permeability and a stretchability of 120%.The device coupled with a wireless transmission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone application(APP).Furthermore,an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling,enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP.Additionally,we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP.This novel thermoelectric fabricbased wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.

Deformable Textile‑Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator Knitted with Multifunctional Sensing Fibers for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting

Fibers and textiles that harvest mechanical energy via the triboelectric effect are promising candidates as power supplies for wearable electronics.However,triboelectric fibers and textiles are often hindered by problems such as complex fabrication processes,limited length,performances below the state-of-the-art of 2D planar configurations,etc.Here,we demonstrated a scalable fabrication of core-sheath-structured elastomer triboelectric fibers that combine silicone hollow tubes with gelelectrodes.Gel-electrodes were fabricated via a facile freeze–thawing process of blending polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),gelatin,glycerin,poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),and sodium chloride(NaCl).Such fibers can also be knitted into deformable triboelectric nanogenerator textiles with high electrical outputs up to 106 V and 0.8μA,which could work as reliable power supplies for small electronics.Moreover,we demonstrated fabric materials recognition,Morse code communication,and human-motion-recognition capabilities,making such triboelectric fiber platform an exciting avenue for multifunctional wearable systems and human–machine interaction.

An integrated flexible multifunctional sensing system for simultaneous monitoring of environment signals

With the rapid development of portable devices and internet of things,the requirement of system wearability and integration accelerates the investigation of flexible multifunctional sensors.In this study,we developed an integrated flexible sensing system with four nanowire-based sensors and a Ni microwire-based temperature sensor.The four nanowirebased sensors are three kinds of photodetectors responding to lights with different wavelengths and a gas sensor.Due to the large surface volume ratio and considerable sub wavelength effect,all the nanowire-based sensors show good sensing response and excellent linear relationship between sensitivity and temperature.The as-fabricated flexible sensing system can simultaneously detect environmental parameters,including temperature change,light intensities from UV-Visible to near infrared regions,and harmful gas concentration.Our flexible multifunctional sensing system therefore opens up a new way for the emerging portable and wearable electronics.

Bioinspired Nanostructured Superwetting Thin-Films in a Self-supported form Enabled“Miniature Umbrella”for Weather Monitoring and Water Rescue

Two-dimensional(2D)soft materials,especially in their self-supported forms,demonstrate attractive properties to realize biomimetic morphing and ultrasensitive sensing.Although extensive efforts on design of self-supported functional membranes and integrated systems have been devoted,there still remains an unexplored regime of the combination of mechanical,electrical and surface wetting properties for specific functions.Here,we report a self-supported film featured with elastic,thin,conductive and superhydrophobic characteristics.Through a well-defined surface modification strategy,the surface wettability and mechanical sensing can be effectively balanced.The resulted film can function as a smart umbrella to achieve real-time simulated raining with diverse frequencies and intensity.In addition,the integrated umbrella can even response sensitively to the sunlight and demonstrate a positively correlation of current signals with the intensity of sun illumination.Moreover,the superhydrophobic umbrella can be further employed to realize water rescue,which can take the underwater object onto water surface,load and rapidly transport the considerable weight.More importantly,the whole process of loaded objects and water flow velocity can be precisely detected.The self-supported smart umbrella can effectively monitor the weather and realize a smart water rescue,demonstrating significant potentials in multifunctional sensing and directional actuation in the presence of water.

Silk Fibroin‑Based Wearable All‑Fiber Multifunctional Sensor for Smart Clothing

Wearable sensing technology enables the interaction between the physical world and the digital world,as takes an irreplaceable role in development of the Internet of Things(IoT),and artificial intelligence(AI).However,increasing requirements posed by rapid development of wearable electronic information technology bring about many for wearable sensing technology,such as the demands for ultrahigh flexibility,air permeability,excellent biocompatibility,and multifunctional integration.Herein,we propose a wearable all-fiber multifunctional sensor(AFMS)based on a biocompatible material,i.e.,silk fibroin.A simple two-layer configuration of a silk fiber film and an interdigital Ag nanowires(AgNWs)electrode was designed to construct the AFMS,in which silk fibroin simultaneously serves as a fundamental supporting component and a functional sensing component.Electrospinning and spray coating technologies were introduced to process the silk fiber film and the AgNWs electrode.The all-fiber configuration allows AFMS to possess ultrahigh flexibility and good air permeability,and silk fibroin enables the AFMS to have excellent biocompatibility.More importantly,benefiting from the all-fiber structure and the environmentally sensitive dielectric property of silk fibroin,the AFMS presented multiple sensing characteristics,including pressure sensing,temperature sensing,and humidity sensing.Among them,the pressure sensing function reached a high sensitivity of 2.27 pF/kPa(7.5%/kPa)and a remarkable resolution of~26 Pa in the low pressure range.Additionally,the outstanding mechanical reliability and sensing stability of AFMS were proven by a systematic experiment.In addition,the AFMS was successfully applied for smart mask for breathing monitoring and a smart glove for bending angle recognition of finger joints.Multiple sensing characteristics combined with prominent fundamental features enable the AFMS tremendous potential in the smart sensing field,e.g.,smart clothing.