Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)has evolved into a key technology for ubiquitous living and the domain of interest has remained active in research owing to its extensive range of applications.In spite of this,it is chall...Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)has evolved into a key technology for ubiquitous living and the domain of interest has remained active in research owing to its extensive range of applications.In spite of this,it is challenging to design energy-efficient WSN.The routing approaches are leveraged to reduce the utilization of energy and prolonging the lifespan of network.In order to solve the restricted energy problem,it is essential to reduce the energy utilization of data,transmitted from the routing protocol and improve network development.In this background,the current study proposes a novel Differential Evolution with Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Enabled Multi-hop Routing Protocol(DEAOA-MHRP)for WSN.The aim of the proposed DEAOA-MHRP model is select the optimal routes to reach the destination in WSN.To accomplish this,DEAOA-MHRP model initially integrates the concepts of Different Evolution(DE)and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithms(AOA)to improve convergence rate and solution quality.Besides,the inclusion of DE in traditional AOA helps in overcoming local optima problems.In addition,the proposed DEAOA-MRP technique derives a fitness function comprising two input variables such as residual energy and distance.In order to ensure the energy efficient performance of DEAOA-MHRP model,a detailed comparative study was conducted and the results established its superior performance over recent approaches.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Internet technology,millimeter wave(mmWave)will be used as a supplement to 5G low frequency bands to meet the extremely high system capacity requirements of 5G in hot spots.Although 5...With the rapid development of the Internet technology,millimeter wave(mmWave)will be used as a supplement to 5G low frequency bands to meet the extremely high system capacity requirements of 5G in hot spots.Although 5G mmWave communication can adapt to the needs of 5G network and carry a large amount of transmitted data,transmission stability has become one of the key technical issues of 5G network mmWave communication due to problems such as strong attenuation and poor penetration of mmWave.In order to improve the efficiency of the mmWave multi-hop transmission,we propose a 5G mmWave multi-hop transmission method based on network coding,which can adapt to the current wireless network environment,improve spectrum efficiency and increase network throughput.Based on MATLAB simulation experiments,it is verified that the proposed method can greatly improve the transmission efficiency and reduce the signal loss under the premise of ensuring the accurate signal transmission.展开更多
Closed-form bounds for the end-to-end performance of multihop communications with non-regenerative relays over Nakagami-m fading channels are investigated.Upper and lower bounds of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio...Closed-form bounds for the end-to-end performance of multihop communications with non-regenerative relays over Nakagami-m fading channels are investigated.Upper and lower bounds of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)are first developed by using the monotonicity.Then,the probability density functions(PDFs),the cumulative distribution functions,and the momentgenerating functions(MGFs)of the bounds are derived.Using these results,the bounds for the outage and average bit error probability(ABEP)are obtained.Numerical and simulation results are executed to validate the tightness of the proposed bounds.展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number(RGP 2/142/43)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R237)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQU4310373DSR14).
文摘Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)has evolved into a key technology for ubiquitous living and the domain of interest has remained active in research owing to its extensive range of applications.In spite of this,it is challenging to design energy-efficient WSN.The routing approaches are leveraged to reduce the utilization of energy and prolonging the lifespan of network.In order to solve the restricted energy problem,it is essential to reduce the energy utilization of data,transmitted from the routing protocol and improve network development.In this background,the current study proposes a novel Differential Evolution with Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Enabled Multi-hop Routing Protocol(DEAOA-MHRP)for WSN.The aim of the proposed DEAOA-MHRP model is select the optimal routes to reach the destination in WSN.To accomplish this,DEAOA-MHRP model initially integrates the concepts of Different Evolution(DE)and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithms(AOA)to improve convergence rate and solution quality.Besides,the inclusion of DE in traditional AOA helps in overcoming local optima problems.In addition,the proposed DEAOA-MRP technique derives a fitness function comprising two input variables such as residual energy and distance.In order to ensure the energy efficient performance of DEAOA-MHRP model,a detailed comparative study was conducted and the results established its superior performance over recent approaches.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61871339,61731012,61971365)Key Laboratory of Digital Fujian on IoT Communication,Architecture and Security Technology(No.2010499)+1 种基金National Ministry of Science and Technology,863 Project(No.2015AA01A705)Industry-University Cooperation Project of Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(No.2020H6001).
文摘With the rapid development of the Internet technology,millimeter wave(mmWave)will be used as a supplement to 5G low frequency bands to meet the extremely high system capacity requirements of 5G in hot spots.Although 5G mmWave communication can adapt to the needs of 5G network and carry a large amount of transmitted data,transmission stability has become one of the key technical issues of 5G network mmWave communication due to problems such as strong attenuation and poor penetration of mmWave.In order to improve the efficiency of the mmWave multi-hop transmission,we propose a 5G mmWave multi-hop transmission method based on network coding,which can adapt to the current wireless network environment,improve spectrum efficiency and increase network throughput.Based on MATLAB simulation experiments,it is verified that the proposed method can greatly improve the transmission efficiency and reduce the signal loss under the premise of ensuring the accurate signal transmission.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2007CB310604 and 2009CB320401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60772108).
文摘Closed-form bounds for the end-to-end performance of multihop communications with non-regenerative relays over Nakagami-m fading channels are investigated.Upper and lower bounds of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)are first developed by using the monotonicity.Then,the probability density functions(PDFs),the cumulative distribution functions,and the momentgenerating functions(MGFs)of the bounds are derived.Using these results,the bounds for the outage and average bit error probability(ABEP)are obtained.Numerical and simulation results are executed to validate the tightness of the proposed bounds.
