We systematically calculated the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(208)Os,^(208)Pt,^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,^(208)Po,^(208)Rn,^(208)Ra,and ^(132,136) Xe when bombarded on ^(232) Th and ^(248) Cm at Coulomb barrier energie...We systematically calculated the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(208)Os,^(208)Pt,^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,^(208)Po,^(208)Rn,^(208)Ra,and ^(132,136) Xe when bombarded on ^(232) Th and ^(248) Cm at Coulomb barrier energies within the dinuclear system model.These results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.The influence of Coulomb and shell effects on actinide production in these reactions has been rigorously studied.We calculated and analyzed the potential energy surface (PES) and total kinetic energy (TKE) mass distributions for the reactions involving ^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,and ^(208) Po with ^(248) Cm and ^(232)Th.The PES and TKE spectra shed light on the fragment formation mechanisms in multinucleon transfer reactions,with clear indications of isospin and shell effects.The production cross sections for multinucleon transfer products show a strong dependence on isobar projectiles with a mass number A=208.Isobar projectiles with high N/Z ratios are advantageous for generating neutron-rich target-like fragments.Conversely,products induced by isobar projectiles with larger charge numbers tend to shift toward proton-rich regions.The intertwining of the Coulomb potential and shell effect is evident in the production cross sections of actinide isotopes.Drawing from reactions induced by radioactive projectiles,we anticipate the discovery of several new actinide isotopes near the nuclear drip lines,extending our reach into the superheavy nuclei domain.展开更多
Within the framework of the dinuclear system model,the multinucleon transfer dynamics for nearly symmetric nuclear collisions has been investigated.The reaction mechanism in the systems of 198Pt+198Pt and 204Hg+198Pt ...Within the framework of the dinuclear system model,the multinucleon transfer dynamics for nearly symmetric nuclear collisions has been investigated.The reaction mechanism in the systems of 198Pt+198Pt and 204Hg+198Pt was investigated at beam energies around the Coulomb barrier.It was found that the isotopic yields are enhanced with increased incident energy in the domain of proton-rich nuclides.However,the production on the neutron-rich side weakly depends on the energy.The angular distribution with the beam energy was also analyzed in the multinucleon transfer reactions.Projectile-like fragments were produced toward the forward emission with increasing incident energy.The target-like fragments manifested the opposite trend in the transfer reactions.展开更多
The production mechanism of heavy neutronrich nuclei is investigated by using the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(136;148)Xe+^(208)Pb and ^(238)U+^(208)Pb in the framework of a dinuclear system model. The evapora...The production mechanism of heavy neutronrich nuclei is investigated by using the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(136;148)Xe+^(208)Pb and ^(238)U+^(208)Pb in the framework of a dinuclear system model. The evaporation residual cross sections of target-like fragments are studied with the reaction system ^(148)Xe+^(208)Pb at near barrier energies. The results show that the final isotopic production cross sections in the neutron-deficient side are very sensitive to incident energy while it is not sensitive in the neutron-rich side. Comparing the isotopic production cross sections for the reactions of ^(208)Pb bombarded with stable and radioactive projectiles, we find that neutron-rich radioactive beams can significantly increase the production cross sections of heavy neutron-rich nuclei.展开更多
The mechanism of multinucleon transfer reactions has been investigated within the dinuclear system model, in which the sequential nucleon transfer is described by solving a set of microscopically derived master equati...The mechanism of multinucleon transfer reactions has been investigated within the dinuclear system model, in which the sequential nucleon transfer is described by solving a set of microscopically derived master equations. The transfer dynamics in the reaction of^(136)Xe+^(208)Pb near Coulomb barrier energies is thoroughly analyzed. It is found that the total kinetic energies of primary fragments are dissipated from the relative motion energy of two touching nuclei and exhibit a symmetric distribution along the fragment mass. The angular distribution of the projectile-like fragments moves forward with increasing beam energy. However, the target-like fragments exhibit an opposite trend. The shell effect is pronounced due to the fragment yields in multinucleon transfer reactions.展开更多
A method based on the dinuclear system(DNS)is proposed to describe the angular distribution of products in multinucleon transfer(MNT)reactions.By considering fluctuation effects,the angular distributions of reactions ...A method based on the dinuclear system(DNS)is proposed to describe the angular distribution of products in multinucleon transfer(MNT)reactions.By considering fluctuation effects,the angular distributions of reactions involving^(136)Xe+^(208)Pb,^(136)Xe+^(209)Bi,^(86)Kr+^(166)Er,^(84)Kr+^(209)Bi,and^(84)Kr+^(208)Pb are examined,demonstrating good agreement with experimental data.Moreover,the double differential cross-sections(dσ^(2)/dl_(i)dΘand dσ^(2)/dZdΘ)of reactions^(136)Xe+^(208)Pb and^(136)Xe+^(209)Bi are analyzed to explore the mechanism of angular distribution in MNT reactions.Additionally,the optimal angles for detecting N=126 isotopes are determined via an analysis on the influence of proton and neutron numbers of the projectiles on the angular distribution of the N=126 isotopic line.The results of this study can provide valuable insights for experimental detection.展开更多
Multinucleon transfer in low-energy heavy-ion collisions is increasingly considered a promising approach for generating exotic nuclei.Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in multinucleon transfer processes pr...Multinucleon transfer in low-energy heavy-ion collisions is increasingly considered a promising approach for generating exotic nuclei.Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in multinucleon transfer processes presents significant challenges for the theoretical investigation of nuclear reactions.A Langevin equation model was developed and employed to investigate multinucleon transfer processes.The^(40)Ar+^(232)Th reaction was simulated,and the calculated Wilczyński plot was used to verify the model.Additionally,to study the dynamics of multinucleon transfer reactions,the^(136)Xe+^(238)U and^(136)Xe+^(209)Bi reactions were simulated,and the corresponding TKE-mass and angular distributions were computed to analyze the energy dissipation and scattering angles.This investigation enhances our understanding of the dynamics involved in multinucleon transfer processes.展开更多
The main progresses in the multinucleon transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. After a short presentation of the experimental progress and theoretical progress, the predicted product...The main progresses in the multinucleon transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. After a short presentation of the experimental progress and theoretical progress, the predicted production cross sections for unknown neutron-rich heavy nuclei and the trans-uranium nuclei are presented.展开更多
Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system(DNS)model,and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GE...Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system(DNS)model,and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GEMINI++.The production cross sections of^(40,48)Ca+^(124)Sn and^(64)Ni+^(130)Te based on the DNS model+GEMINI++are calculated and compared with experimental data.The calculated results reproduce experimental data.The cross sections of fusion-evaporation,fragmentation,and multinucleon transfer reactions in the region are also provided in this paper.The results show that in the region,fusion-evaporation and fragmentation reactions have good results in the relatively proton-rich region,but in the extreme proton-deficient region,the MNT reaction is still promising for synthesizing proton-rich nuclei.展开更多
A new nuclide (238)Th has been produced via multinucleon transferreaction by 60 MeV/u 18O ion irradiation of the natural uranium. The thorium wasradiochemically separated from the fixture of uranium and reaction produ...A new nuclide (238)Th has been produced via multinucleon transferreaction by 60 MeV/u 18O ion irradiation of the natural uranium. The thorium wasradiochemically separated from the fixture of uranium and reaction products. Theactivity of thorium was measured by using an HPGe detector and a planar HPGedetector. The 238Th has been identified for the first time by measuring the growthand decay of the 7-rays from its daughter 238Pa. The half-life of 238Th was determinedto be 9.4f2.0 min. In addition, a new 7-ray of 89.010.3 keV with TI/2=8.911.5minwas found in the 7 spectrum gated with X-rays of Pa and assigned to 238Th P-- decaybased on measurements of transition energy and half life.展开更多
The 230Ra has been produced via multinucleon transfer and dissipative fragmentation of heavy target in the 60 MeV/u 18O ion reaction with natural thorium. The radium was radiochemically separated from irradiated thori...The 230Ra has been produced via multinucleon transfer and dissipative fragmentation of heavy target in the 60 MeV/u 18O ion reaction with natural thorium. The radium was radiochemically separated from irradiated thorium targets. 230Ac was obtained by 230Ra β-→230Ac. Thin Ra sources were prepared for observing fission fragments from β-delayed fission of 230Ac. The sources were exposed to the mica fission track detectors and measured by a HPGe γ detector. The two fission events were obtained and could been assigned to the β-delayed fission of 230Ac. The β-delayed fission probability of 230Ac was determined to be (1.19±0.85)×10-8.展开更多
In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improv...In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model(ImQMD)and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model(UrQMD),are reviewed.The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion,multinucleon transrer,fragmentation,collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models.The constraints on the isospin asymmetric muclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed,and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well.Finally,we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism,the descriptions of various observables,the constraint on the nuclear equation of state,as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12105241, 12175072)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20210788)+3 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Double-Innovation Doctoral Program (No. JSSCBS20211013)University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No. 21KJB140026)Lv Yang Jin Feng (No. YZLYJFJH2021YXBS130)Key Laboratory of High-Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy,Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. IMPKFKT2021001)。
文摘We systematically calculated the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(208)Os,^(208)Pt,^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,^(208)Po,^(208)Rn,^(208)Ra,and ^(132,136) Xe when bombarded on ^(232) Th and ^(248) Cm at Coulomb barrier energies within the dinuclear system model.These results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.The influence of Coulomb and shell effects on actinide production in these reactions has been rigorously studied.We calculated and analyzed the potential energy surface (PES) and total kinetic energy (TKE) mass distributions for the reactions involving ^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,and ^(208) Po with ^(248) Cm and ^(232)Th.The PES and TKE spectra shed light on the fragment formation mechanisms in multinucleon transfer reactions,with clear indications of isospin and shell effects.The production cross sections for multinucleon transfer products show a strong dependence on isobar projectiles with a mass number A=208.Isobar projectiles with high N/Z ratios are advantageous for generating neutron-rich target-like fragments.Conversely,products induced by isobar projectiles with larger charge numbers tend to shift toward proton-rich regions.The intertwining of the Coulomb potential and shell effect is evident in the production cross sections of actinide isotopes.Drawing from reactions induced by radioactive projectiles,we anticipate the discovery of several new actinide isotopes near the nuclear drip lines,extending our reach into the superheavy nuclei domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11722546 and 11675226)the Talent Program of South China University of Technology。
文摘Within the framework of the dinuclear system model,the multinucleon transfer dynamics for nearly symmetric nuclear collisions has been investigated.The reaction mechanism in the systems of 198Pt+198Pt and 204Hg+198Pt was investigated at beam energies around the Coulomb barrier.It was found that the isotopic yields are enhanced with increased incident energy in the domain of proton-rich nuclides.However,the production on the neutron-rich side weakly depends on the energy.The angular distribution with the beam energy was also analyzed in the multinucleon transfer reactions.Projectile-like fragments were produced toward the forward emission with increasing incident energy.The target-like fragments manifested the opposite trend in the transfer reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.11635003,11025524 and 11161130520the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2010CB832903+1 种基金the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme(Fp7-PEOPLE-2010-IRSES)under Grant Agreement Project No.269131the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M600956)
文摘The production mechanism of heavy neutronrich nuclei is investigated by using the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(136;148)Xe+^(208)Pb and ^(238)U+^(208)Pb in the framework of a dinuclear system model. The evaporation residual cross sections of target-like fragments are studied with the reaction system ^(148)Xe+^(208)Pb at near barrier energies. The results show that the final isotopic production cross sections in the neutron-deficient side are very sensitive to incident energy while it is not sensitive in the neutron-rich side. Comparing the isotopic production cross sections for the reactions of ^(208)Pb bombarded with stable and radioactive projectiles, we find that neutron-rich radioactive beams can significantly increase the production cross sections of heavy neutron-rich nuclei.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11722546 and 11675226)the Talent Program of South China University of Technology(No.K5180470)
文摘The mechanism of multinucleon transfer reactions has been investigated within the dinuclear system model, in which the sequential nucleon transfer is described by solving a set of microscopically derived master equations. The transfer dynamics in the reaction of^(136)Xe+^(208)Pb near Coulomb barrier energies is thoroughly analyzed. It is found that the total kinetic energies of primary fragments are dissipated from the relative motion energy of two touching nuclei and exhibit a symmetric distribution along the fragment mass. The angular distribution of the projectile-like fragments moves forward with increasing beam energy. However, the target-like fragments exhibit an opposite trend. The shell effect is pronounced due to the fragment yields in multinucleon transfer reactions.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2021B0301030006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175151,12105181,11847235)the Steady Support Program for Higher Education Institutions of Shenzhen(20200817005440001)。
文摘A method based on the dinuclear system(DNS)is proposed to describe the angular distribution of products in multinucleon transfer(MNT)reactions.By considering fluctuation effects,the angular distributions of reactions involving^(136)Xe+^(208)Pb,^(136)Xe+^(209)Bi,^(86)Kr+^(166)Er,^(84)Kr+^(209)Bi,and^(84)Kr+^(208)Pb are examined,demonstrating good agreement with experimental data.Moreover,the double differential cross-sections(dσ^(2)/dl_(i)dΘand dσ^(2)/dZdΘ)of reactions^(136)Xe+^(208)Pb and^(136)Xe+^(209)Bi are analyzed to explore the mechanism of angular distribution in MNT reactions.Additionally,the optimal angles for detecting N=126 isotopes are determined via an analysis on the influence of proton and neutron numbers of the projectiles on the angular distribution of the N=126 isotopic line.The results of this study can provide valuable insights for experimental detection.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12135004,11635003 and 11961141004)。
文摘Multinucleon transfer in low-energy heavy-ion collisions is increasingly considered a promising approach for generating exotic nuclei.Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in multinucleon transfer processes presents significant challenges for the theoretical investigation of nuclear reactions.A Langevin equation model was developed and employed to investigate multinucleon transfer processes.The^(40)Ar+^(232)Th reaction was simulated,and the calculated Wilczyński plot was used to verify the model.Additionally,to study the dynamics of multinucleon transfer reactions,the^(136)Xe+^(238)U and^(136)Xe+^(209)Bi reactions were simulated,and the corresponding TKE-mass and angular distributions were computed to analyze the energy dissipation and scattering angles.This investigation enhances our understanding of the dynamics involved in multinucleon transfer processes.
文摘The main progresses in the multinucleon transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. After a short presentation of the experimental progress and theoretical progress, the predicted production cross sections for unknown neutron-rich heavy nuclei and the trans-uranium nuclei are presented.
基金the ational Natural Science Foundation of China(12175064,U2167203)Hunan Provincial Education Department(Key project 20A290)。
文摘Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system(DNS)model,and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GEMINI++.The production cross sections of^(40,48)Ca+^(124)Sn and^(64)Ni+^(130)Te based on the DNS model+GEMINI++are calculated and compared with experimental data.The calculated results reproduce experimental data.The cross sections of fusion-evaporation,fragmentation,and multinucleon transfer reactions in the region are also provided in this paper.The results show that in the region,fusion-evaporation and fragmentation reactions have good results in the relatively proton-rich region,but in the extreme proton-deficient region,the MNT reaction is still promising for synthesizing proton-rich nuclei.
文摘A new nuclide (238)Th has been produced via multinucleon transferreaction by 60 MeV/u 18O ion irradiation of the natural uranium. The thorium wasradiochemically separated from the fixture of uranium and reaction products. Theactivity of thorium was measured by using an HPGe detector and a planar HPGedetector. The 238Th has been identified for the first time by measuring the growthand decay of the 7-rays from its daughter 238Pa. The half-life of 238Th was determinedto be 9.4f2.0 min. In addition, a new 7-ray of 89.010.3 keV with TI/2=8.911.5minwas found in the 7 spectrum gated with X-rays of Pa and assigned to 238Th P-- decaybased on measurements of transition energy and half life.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaMajor State Basic Research Development Program, Chinese Aca
文摘The 230Ra has been produced via multinucleon transfer and dissipative fragmentation of heavy target in the 60 MeV/u 18O ion reaction with natural thorium. The radium was radiochemically separated from irradiated thorium targets. 230Ac was obtained by 230Ra β-→230Ac. Thin Ra sources were prepared for observing fission fragments from β-delayed fission of 230Ac. The sources were exposed to the mica fission track detectors and measured by a HPGe γ detector. The two fission events were obtained and could been assigned to the β-delayed fission of 230Ac. The β-delayed fission probability of 230Ac was determined to be (1.19±0.85)×10-8.
基金Yingxun Zhang acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875323,11875125,11475262,10675172,11075215,11475262,11790323,11790324,11790325,and 11961141003)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0404404)+15 种基金the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project(No.WDJC-2019-13)Ning Wang acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1867212 and 11422548)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2015G XNSFDA139004,2017G XNSFG A198001)Qingfeng Li acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875125,11847315,11375062,11505057,11947410,and 11747312)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18A050002)the“Ten-Thousand Talent Program”of Zhejiang ProvinceJunlong Tian acknowledges the supports in part by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.11961131010 and 11475004)Li Ou acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11965004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2016GXNSFFA380001)Foundation of Guangxi Innovative Team and Distinguished Scholar in Institutions of Higher EducationMin Liu acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875323)Kai Zhao acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11675266,11005155,11475262,11275052,11375062,11547312,and 11275068)the National Key Basic Research Developm ent Program of China(Nos.2007CB209900 and 2013CB834404)Xizhen Wu acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10235020,10979023,11005155,11365004,11475004,and 11675266)Zhuxia Li acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.19975073,10175093,10175089,10235030,11275052,11375062,11475262,11475004,11875323,and 11875125)the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(Nos.G20000774 and 2007CB209900).
文摘In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model(ImQMD)and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model(UrQMD),are reviewed.The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion,multinucleon transrer,fragmentation,collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models.The constraints on the isospin asymmetric muclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed,and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well.Finally,we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism,the descriptions of various observables,the constraint on the nuclear equation of state,as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.
