We systematically calculated the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(208)Os,^(208)Pt,^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,^(208)Po,^(208)Rn,^(208)Ra,and ^(132,136) Xe when bombarded on ^(232) Th and ^(248) Cm at Coulomb barrier energie...We systematically calculated the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(208)Os,^(208)Pt,^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,^(208)Po,^(208)Rn,^(208)Ra,and ^(132,136) Xe when bombarded on ^(232) Th and ^(248) Cm at Coulomb barrier energies within the dinuclear system model.These results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.The influence of Coulomb and shell effects on actinide production in these reactions has been rigorously studied.We calculated and analyzed the potential energy surface (PES) and total kinetic energy (TKE) mass distributions for the reactions involving ^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,and ^(208) Po with ^(248) Cm and ^(232)Th.The PES and TKE spectra shed light on the fragment formation mechanisms in multinucleon transfer reactions,with clear indications of isospin and shell effects.The production cross sections for multinucleon transfer products show a strong dependence on isobar projectiles with a mass number A=208.Isobar projectiles with high N/Z ratios are advantageous for generating neutron-rich target-like fragments.Conversely,products induced by isobar projectiles with larger charge numbers tend to shift toward proton-rich regions.The intertwining of the Coulomb potential and shell effect is evident in the production cross sections of actinide isotopes.Drawing from reactions induced by radioactive projectiles,we anticipate the discovery of several new actinide isotopes near the nuclear drip lines,extending our reach into the superheavy nuclei domain.展开更多
Within the framework of the dinuclear system model,the multinucleon transfer dynamics for nearly symmetric nuclear collisions has been investigated.The reaction mechanism in the systems of 198Pt+198Pt and 204Hg+198Pt ...Within the framework of the dinuclear system model,the multinucleon transfer dynamics for nearly symmetric nuclear collisions has been investigated.The reaction mechanism in the systems of 198Pt+198Pt and 204Hg+198Pt was investigated at beam energies around the Coulomb barrier.It was found that the isotopic yields are enhanced with increased incident energy in the domain of proton-rich nuclides.However,the production on the neutron-rich side weakly depends on the energy.The angular distribution with the beam energy was also analyzed in the multinucleon transfer reactions.Projectile-like fragments were produced toward the forward emission with increasing incident energy.The target-like fragments manifested the opposite trend in the transfer reactions.展开更多
Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system(DNS)model,and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GE...Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system(DNS)model,and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GEMINI++.The production cross sections of^(40,48)Ca+^(124)Sn and^(64)Ni+^(130)Te based on the DNS model+GEMINI++are calculated and compared with experimental data.The calculated results reproduce experimental data.The cross sections of fusion-evaporation,fragmentation,and multinucleon transfer reactions in the region are also provided in this paper.The results show that in the region,fusion-evaporation and fragmentation reactions have good results in the relatively proton-rich region,but in the extreme proton-deficient region,the MNT reaction is still promising for synthesizing proton-rich nuclei.展开更多
In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improv...In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model(ImQMD)and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model(UrQMD),are reviewed.The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion,multinucleon transrer,fragmentation,collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models.The constraints on the isospin asymmetric muclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed,and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well.Finally,we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism,the descriptions of various observables,the constraint on the nuclear equation of state,as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.展开更多
197Au were irradiated with 47 MeV/u 12C ions. Iridium was produced via the multinucleon transfer reactions in bombardments of 197Au with 12C. and was separated radiochemically from Au and the mixture of the reaction p...197Au were irradiated with 47 MeV/u 12C ions. Iridium was produced via the multinucleon transfer reactions in bombardments of 197Au with 12C. and was separated radiochemically from Au and the mixture of the reaction products. The γ radioactivities of Ir isotopes were measured by using a HPGe detector. The production cross sections of Ir isotopes were determined from activities of Ir isotopes at the end of bombardment and the other relative data. It has been found that the cross sections for neutron-rich isotopes of iridium show an exponential dependence on the values of Qgg. Our experimental results also demonstrate lack of correlation between the cross sections and Qgg in the case of neutron-deficient isotopes of iridium. The fact can be explained from that neutron-rich isotopes of iridium were produced in the deep inelastic transfer reactions.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12105241, 12175072)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20210788)+3 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Double-Innovation Doctoral Program (No. JSSCBS20211013)University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No. 21KJB140026)Lv Yang Jin Feng (No. YZLYJFJH2021YXBS130)Key Laboratory of High-Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy,Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. IMPKFKT2021001)。
文摘We systematically calculated the multinucleon transfer reactions of ^(208)Os,^(208)Pt,^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,^(208)Po,^(208)Rn,^(208)Ra,and ^(132,136) Xe when bombarded on ^(232) Th and ^(248) Cm at Coulomb barrier energies within the dinuclear system model.These results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.The influence of Coulomb and shell effects on actinide production in these reactions has been rigorously studied.We calculated and analyzed the potential energy surface (PES) and total kinetic energy (TKE) mass distributions for the reactions involving ^(208)Hg,^(208)Pb,and ^(208) Po with ^(248) Cm and ^(232)Th.The PES and TKE spectra shed light on the fragment formation mechanisms in multinucleon transfer reactions,with clear indications of isospin and shell effects.The production cross sections for multinucleon transfer products show a strong dependence on isobar projectiles with a mass number A=208.Isobar projectiles with high N/Z ratios are advantageous for generating neutron-rich target-like fragments.Conversely,products induced by isobar projectiles with larger charge numbers tend to shift toward proton-rich regions.The intertwining of the Coulomb potential and shell effect is evident in the production cross sections of actinide isotopes.Drawing from reactions induced by radioactive projectiles,we anticipate the discovery of several new actinide isotopes near the nuclear drip lines,extending our reach into the superheavy nuclei domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11722546 and 11675226)the Talent Program of South China University of Technology。
文摘Within the framework of the dinuclear system model,the multinucleon transfer dynamics for nearly symmetric nuclear collisions has been investigated.The reaction mechanism in the systems of 198Pt+198Pt and 204Hg+198Pt was investigated at beam energies around the Coulomb barrier.It was found that the isotopic yields are enhanced with increased incident energy in the domain of proton-rich nuclides.However,the production on the neutron-rich side weakly depends on the energy.The angular distribution with the beam energy was also analyzed in the multinucleon transfer reactions.Projectile-like fragments were produced toward the forward emission with increasing incident energy.The target-like fragments manifested the opposite trend in the transfer reactions.
基金the ational Natural Science Foundation of China(12175064,U2167203)Hunan Provincial Education Department(Key project 20A290)。
文摘Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system(DNS)model,and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GEMINI++.The production cross sections of^(40,48)Ca+^(124)Sn and^(64)Ni+^(130)Te based on the DNS model+GEMINI++are calculated and compared with experimental data.The calculated results reproduce experimental data.The cross sections of fusion-evaporation,fragmentation,and multinucleon transfer reactions in the region are also provided in this paper.The results show that in the region,fusion-evaporation and fragmentation reactions have good results in the relatively proton-rich region,but in the extreme proton-deficient region,the MNT reaction is still promising for synthesizing proton-rich nuclei.
基金Yingxun Zhang acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875323,11875125,11475262,10675172,11075215,11475262,11790323,11790324,11790325,and 11961141003)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0404404)+15 种基金the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project(No.WDJC-2019-13)Ning Wang acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1867212 and 11422548)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2015G XNSFDA139004,2017G XNSFG A198001)Qingfeng Li acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875125,11847315,11375062,11505057,11947410,and 11747312)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18A050002)the“Ten-Thousand Talent Program”of Zhejiang ProvinceJunlong Tian acknowledges the supports in part by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.11961131010 and 11475004)Li Ou acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11965004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2016GXNSFFA380001)Foundation of Guangxi Innovative Team and Distinguished Scholar in Institutions of Higher EducationMin Liu acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875323)Kai Zhao acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11675266,11005155,11475262,11275052,11375062,11547312,and 11275068)the National Key Basic Research Developm ent Program of China(Nos.2007CB209900 and 2013CB834404)Xizhen Wu acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10235020,10979023,11005155,11365004,11475004,and 11675266)Zhuxia Li acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.19975073,10175093,10175089,10235030,11275052,11375062,11475262,11475004,11875323,and 11875125)the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(Nos.G20000774 and 2007CB209900).
文摘In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model(ImQMD)and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model(UrQMD),are reviewed.The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion,multinucleon transrer,fragmentation,collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models.The constraints on the isospin asymmetric muclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed,and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well.Finally,we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism,the descriptions of various observables,the constraint on the nuclear equation of state,as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10575118)
文摘197Au were irradiated with 47 MeV/u 12C ions. Iridium was produced via the multinucleon transfer reactions in bombardments of 197Au with 12C. and was separated radiochemically from Au and the mixture of the reaction products. The γ radioactivities of Ir isotopes were measured by using a HPGe detector. The production cross sections of Ir isotopes were determined from activities of Ir isotopes at the end of bombardment and the other relative data. It has been found that the cross sections for neutron-rich isotopes of iridium show an exponential dependence on the values of Qgg. Our experimental results also demonstrate lack of correlation between the cross sections and Qgg in the case of neutron-deficient isotopes of iridium. The fact can be explained from that neutron-rich isotopes of iridium were produced in the deep inelastic transfer reactions.