Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic,progressive,adult-onset,neurodegenerative disorder characte rized by autonomic dysfunction symptoms,parkinsonian features,and cerebellar signs in va rious combinations.An early di...Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic,progressive,adult-onset,neurodegenerative disorder characte rized by autonomic dysfunction symptoms,parkinsonian features,and cerebellar signs in va rious combinations.An early diagnosis of multiple system atrophy is of utmost impo rtance for the proper prevention and management of its potentially fatal complications leading to the poor prognosis of these patients.The current diagnostic criteria incorporate several clinical red flags and magnetic resonance imaging marke rs supporting diagnosis of multiple system atrophy.Nonetheless,especially in the early disease stage,it can be challenging to differentiate multiple system atrophy from mimic disorders,in particular Parkinson’s disease.Electromyography of the external anal sphincter represents a useful neurophysiological tool for diffe rential diagnosis since it can provide indirect evidence of Onuf’s nucleus degeneration,which is a pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy.However,the diagnostic value of external anal sphincter electromyography has been a matter of debate for three decades due to controve rsial reports in the literature.In this review,after a brief ove rview of the electrophysiological methodology,we first aimed to critically analyze the available knowledge on the diagnostic role of external anal sphincter electromyography.We discussed the conflicting evidence on the clinical correlations of neurogenic abnormalities found at external anal sphincter electro myography.Finally,we repo rted recent prognostic findings of a novel classification of electromyography patterns of the external anal sphincter that could pave the way toward the implementation of this neurophysiological technique for survival prediction in patients with multiple system atrophy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is i...BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is involved in the differentiation and progression of the central nervous system, and is widely distributed in peripheral blood, which may be a novel biomarker for MSA.AIM To determine serum GDF15 levels, related factors and their potential diagnostic value in MSA patients, compared with Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients and healthy controls.METHODS A case-control study was conducted, including 49 MSA patients, 50 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured by human enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and the differences between the MSA, PD and control groups were analyzed. Further investigations were performed in different MSA subgroups according to age of onset, sex, clinical subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and disease duration. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysiswas used to evaluate the diagnostic value of GDF15, especially for the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.RESULTS Serum GDF15 levels were significantly higher in MSA patients than in PD patients and healthy controls(P = 0.000). Males and those with a disease duration of more than three years showed higher serum GDF15 levels(P = 0.043 and 0.000;respectively). Serum GDF15 levels may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for MSA patients compared with healthy controls and PD patients(cutoff: 470.42 pg/m L, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 88.0%;cutoff: 1075.91 pg/m L, sensitivity:51.0%, specificity: 96.0%;respectively).CONCLUSION Serum GDF15 levels are significantly higher in MSA patients and provide suggestions on the etiology of MSA.展开更多
Coenzyme Q10(Co Q10) is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway and also functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Co Q10 deficiency has been implicated in many clinical disorders and aging. Pri...Coenzyme Q10(Co Q10) is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway and also functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Co Q10 deficiency has been implicated in many clinical disorders and aging. Primary Co Q10 deficiency is a group of recessively inherited diseases caused by mutations in any gene involved in the Co Q10 biosynthesis pathway. Although primary Co Q10 deficiency is rare, its diagnosis is important because it is potentially treatable with exogenous Co Q10. Multiple system atrophy(MSA) was recently shown to be linked to mutations in the COQ2 gene, one of the genes involved in the Co Q10 biosynthesis pathway. MSA is relatively common in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases characterized by Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and autonomic failures. Because COQ2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of MSA, oral Co Q10 supplementation may be beneficial for MSA, as for other primary Co Q10 deficiencies. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors that inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol, as well as the synthesis of mevalonate, a critical intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. Statin therapy has been associ-ated with a variety of muscle complaints from myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. Statin treatment carries a potential risk of Co Q10 deficiency, although no definite evidence has implicated CQ10 deficiency as the cause of statinrelated myopathy.展开更多
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variable combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa, cerebellar ataxia and pyrami...Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variable combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal symptoms. The pathological hallmark of MSA is the oligodendrocytic glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) consisting of α-synuclein, and so MSA, together with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), is an α-synucleinopathy. Currently few effective biomarkers have been identified for the diagnosis or prognosis of MSA, and there is no established therapy to delay its progression. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, neuropathology, genetics, clinical presentation and diagnostic biomarkers of MSA, as well as recent advances in its treatment.展开更多
Alpha-synucleinopathies(α-synucleinopathies)are a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases comprising Parkinson’s disease(PD),dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB),and multiple system atrophy(MSA).Although in all these ...Alpha-synucleinopathies(α-synucleinopathies)are a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases comprising Parkinson’s disease(PD),dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB),and multiple system atrophy(MSA).Although in all these diseases there exist abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)aggregates in nerve tissues,the pathological lesions formed byα-syn aggregates and their cellular locations are quite different.In PD and DLB,the hallmark pathological lesions are Lewy bodies(LBs)and Lewy neurites(LNs),which are localized in the neuronal somata and processes.In MSA,the characteristic pathologic structures are glial cytoplasmic inclusions,which are deposited in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes.The fact that PD and MSA have distinct pathologicalα-syn lesions suggest that different mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of the two diseases.In this review article,we compare the clinical manifestations and pathological features of PD and MSA,the two common synucleinopathies,and discuss the potential mechanisms for the formation ofα-syn aggregates and their pathologic roles in PD and MSA.展开更多
In multiple sclerosis, gray matter atrophy is extensive, and cognitive deficits and mood disorders are frequently encountered. It has been conjectured that focal atrophy is associated with emotional decline. However, ...In multiple sclerosis, gray matter atrophy is extensive, and cognitive deficits and mood disorders are frequently encountered. It has been conjectured that focal atrophy is associated with emotional decline. However, conventional MRI has revealed that the pathological characteristics cannot fully account for the mood disorders. Moreover, there is no correlation between cognitive disorders and MRI results in clinically isolated syndromes or in cases of definite multiple sclerosis. In this casecontrol study, voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed on 11 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and the results show that these patients exhibit gray matter atrophy. Moreover, the gray matter atrophy in the superior and middle gyri of the right frontal lobe in patients with multiple sclerosis was correlated with scores from the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The scores obtained with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were associated with gray matter atrophy in the middle gyrus of the left frontal lobe, the superior and middle gyrus of the right frontal lobe, the middle gyrus of the left cingulate, the superior and middle gyri of the left frontal lobe, and the triangular area of the left frontal lobe. However, there was no statistical significance. These findings suggest that the cingulate and frontal cortices of the dominant hemisphere are the most severely atrophic regions of the brain, and this atrophy is correlated with cognitive decline and emotional abnormalities.展开更多
目的探讨多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)患者并发尿潴留的临床特征以及发生尿潴留的影响因素。方法纳入2021年9月至2022年12月于北京中医药大学东方医院门诊就诊的MSA患者100例,根据膀胱残余尿量将患者分为无尿潴留组(残余尿...目的探讨多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)患者并发尿潴留的临床特征以及发生尿潴留的影响因素。方法纳入2021年9月至2022年12月于北京中医药大学东方医院门诊就诊的MSA患者100例,根据膀胱残余尿量将患者分为无尿潴留组(残余尿量<100 mL)和尿潴留组(残余尿量≥100 mL),分析两组患者间性别、年龄、受教育年限、既往病史、病程、临床分型、临床诊断等级、直立性低血压、卧位高血压、性功能障碍以及相关量表评分差异。采用二元Logistic回归筛选影响MSA患者发生尿潴留的危险因素。结果MSA患者发生尿潴留47例(47.0%)。与无尿潴留组比较,尿潴留组很可能的MSA患者占比更高(P<0.05),统一MSA评分量表(UMSARS)-Ⅰ、日间尿频、尿急、急迫性尿失禁评分均更高(均P<0.05)。急迫性尿失禁是MSA患者发生尿潴留的独立危险因素(OR=1.995,P=0.010)。结论MSA患者发生尿潴留较为普遍,其中急迫性尿失禁是MSA伴发尿潴留的独立危险因素。展开更多
采用感官定量描述分析法(SQDA)对A(JA1~JA3)、B(JB1~JB3)、C(JC1~JC3)三组复合香型白酒9个样品的风味结构进行分析,结果表明:三组复合香型白酒在香气评分上差异不显著,粮香、焦香、麦芽香突出,在口感评分上差异显著,A组白酒各维度口感...采用感官定量描述分析法(SQDA)对A(JA1~JA3)、B(JB1~JB3)、C(JC1~JC3)三组复合香型白酒9个样品的风味结构进行分析,结果表明:三组复合香型白酒在香气评分上差异不显著,粮香、焦香、麦芽香突出,在口感评分上差异显著,A组白酒各维度口感评分高于其他两组。采用顶空-气相色谱质谱联用技术(HS-GC-MS)对3种白酒挥发性化合物组成进行检测分析,共检测到148种挥发性物质。相关性分析结果显示,异丁醛、3-甲基呋喃、二甲基二硫醚、巴豆酸、环氧丙烷、丙烯醛和草酸只在A组白酒中被检测出来,丁酸乙酯在B组白酒中含量最高,JA3中含量偏低,表明3组白酒样品间存在明显的风味物质种类和含量差异。同步结合特征差异代谢物分析挖掘出74个VIP>1的潜在差异代谢物,A vs B组、A vs C组、B vs C组分别有14种、7种、4种化合物呈现极显著性差异(p<0.01),这些含量具有显著差异性的化合物可能与复合香型白酒风味特征的差异具有重要联系。综上所述,本研究采用两种技术协同分析,获得了3种白酒更全面的挥发性风味信息,解析了三组复合香型白酒的风味结构特征及差异,为深入研究复合香型白酒风味形成的机理奠定了基础。展开更多
多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)属于α-突触核蛋白病,病理改变是α-突触核蛋白在少突胶质细胞中球状聚集,形成胶质细胞胞质包涵体,导致神经纤维束的损伤。另外,铁的过量沉积可以通过产生自由基对神经元细胞造成伤害。两者的...多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)属于α-突触核蛋白病,病理改变是α-突触核蛋白在少突胶质细胞中球状聚集,形成胶质细胞胞质包涵体,导致神经纤维束的损伤。另外,铁的过量沉积可以通过产生自由基对神经元细胞造成伤害。两者的病理改变可以间接用扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)及定量磁敏感成像(quantitative susceptibility mapping,QSM)以影像学的方式表现出来。目前,MSA的诊断主要依靠临床,但MRI在辅助诊断方面也扮演着重要的角色。本文就QSM与DTI序列在MSA中的应用进行综述。展开更多
目的系统评价血清神经丝轻链蛋白(neurofilament light chain protein,NfL)在神经退行性疾病及不同认知损害程度患者中的变化。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和中国生物医学文献库数据库,纳入阿尔茨海...目的系统评价血清神经丝轻链蛋白(neurofilament light chain protein,NfL)在神经退行性疾病及不同认知损害程度患者中的变化。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和中国生物医学文献库数据库,纳入阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)、多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)、进行性核上性麻痹(progressive supranuclear palsy,PSP)患者和健康对照均有血清NfL值的队列或病例对照研究,检索时间为建库至2023年4月30日。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评价纳入研究的风险偏倚,采用RevMan 5.4软件统计分析暴露组与非暴露组间的血清NfL值差异,合并效应量采用标准均数差(standard mean difference,SMD)及95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)表示。结果纳入43篇文献,共提取了62项对比研究。对PD、AD、MSA、PSP与各自健康对照组分组比较,四组分别纳入9项、24项、9项、8项研究。PD组[SMD=0.27,95%CI(0.17,0.36)]、AD组[SMD=0.97,95%CI(0.70,1.23)]、MSA组[SMD=1.51,95%CI(0.97,2.05)]、PSP组[SMD=1.54,95%CI(1.14,1.93)]血清NfL水平均高于各自健康对照组。对帕金森病认知正常(PD normal cognitive,PD-NC)与帕金森病痴呆(PD with dementia,PD-D)、阿尔茨海默病轻度认知减退(AD mild cognitive impairment,AD-MCI)与阿尔茨海默病痴呆(AD with dementia,AD-D)分组比较,两对比组分别纳入3项和9项研究,PD-D患者血清NfL水平高于PD-NC患者[SMD=0.92,95%CI(0.63,1.20)],AD-D患者血清NfL水平高于AD-MCI患者[SMD=0.61,95%CI(0.49,0.72)]。结论PD、AD、MSA、PSP患者血清NfL水平较健康人群升高,且认知损害程度越大,血清NfL水平越高,血清NfL可能是神经退行性疾病潜在的外周生物标志物,能够进一步反映认知水平的下降。展开更多
基金supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (’Ricerca Corrente’2020-2021)(to MT)。
文摘Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic,progressive,adult-onset,neurodegenerative disorder characte rized by autonomic dysfunction symptoms,parkinsonian features,and cerebellar signs in va rious combinations.An early diagnosis of multiple system atrophy is of utmost impo rtance for the proper prevention and management of its potentially fatal complications leading to the poor prognosis of these patients.The current diagnostic criteria incorporate several clinical red flags and magnetic resonance imaging marke rs supporting diagnosis of multiple system atrophy.Nonetheless,especially in the early disease stage,it can be challenging to differentiate multiple system atrophy from mimic disorders,in particular Parkinson’s disease.Electromyography of the external anal sphincter represents a useful neurophysiological tool for diffe rential diagnosis since it can provide indirect evidence of Onuf’s nucleus degeneration,which is a pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy.However,the diagnostic value of external anal sphincter electromyography has been a matter of debate for three decades due to controve rsial reports in the literature.In this review,after a brief ove rview of the electrophysiological methodology,we first aimed to critically analyze the available knowledge on the diagnostic role of external anal sphincter electromyography.We discussed the conflicting evidence on the clinical correlations of neurogenic abnormalities found at external anal sphincter electro myography.Finally,we repo rted recent prognostic findings of a novel classification of electromyography patterns of the external anal sphincter that could pave the way toward the implementation of this neurophysiological technique for survival prediction in patients with multiple system atrophy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771373Key Research and Development Plan of Zibo City,No.2019ZC010169 and No.2019ZC010166.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is involved in the differentiation and progression of the central nervous system, and is widely distributed in peripheral blood, which may be a novel biomarker for MSA.AIM To determine serum GDF15 levels, related factors and their potential diagnostic value in MSA patients, compared with Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients and healthy controls.METHODS A case-control study was conducted, including 49 MSA patients, 50 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured by human enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and the differences between the MSA, PD and control groups were analyzed. Further investigations were performed in different MSA subgroups according to age of onset, sex, clinical subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and disease duration. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysiswas used to evaluate the diagnostic value of GDF15, especially for the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.RESULTS Serum GDF15 levels were significantly higher in MSA patients than in PD patients and healthy controls(P = 0.000). Males and those with a disease duration of more than three years showed higher serum GDF15 levels(P = 0.043 and 0.000;respectively). Serum GDF15 levels may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for MSA patients compared with healthy controls and PD patients(cutoff: 470.42 pg/m L, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 88.0%;cutoff: 1075.91 pg/m L, sensitivity:51.0%, specificity: 96.0%;respectively).CONCLUSION Serum GDF15 levels are significantly higher in MSA patients and provide suggestions on the etiology of MSA.
文摘Coenzyme Q10(Co Q10) is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway and also functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Co Q10 deficiency has been implicated in many clinical disorders and aging. Primary Co Q10 deficiency is a group of recessively inherited diseases caused by mutations in any gene involved in the Co Q10 biosynthesis pathway. Although primary Co Q10 deficiency is rare, its diagnosis is important because it is potentially treatable with exogenous Co Q10. Multiple system atrophy(MSA) was recently shown to be linked to mutations in the COQ2 gene, one of the genes involved in the Co Q10 biosynthesis pathway. MSA is relatively common in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases characterized by Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and autonomic failures. Because COQ2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of MSA, oral Co Q10 supplementation may be beneficial for MSA, as for other primary Co Q10 deficiencies. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors that inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol, as well as the synthesis of mevalonate, a critical intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. Statin therapy has been associ-ated with a variety of muscle complaints from myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. Statin treatment carries a potential risk of Co Q10 deficiency, although no definite evidence has implicated CQ10 deficiency as the cause of statinrelated myopathy.
文摘Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variable combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal symptoms. The pathological hallmark of MSA is the oligodendrocytic glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) consisting of α-synuclein, and so MSA, together with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), is an α-synucleinopathy. Currently few effective biomarkers have been identified for the diagnosis or prognosis of MSA, and there is no established therapy to delay its progression. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, neuropathology, genetics, clinical presentation and diagnostic biomarkers of MSA, as well as recent advances in its treatment.
基金the authors are supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of China(81671244,81371200,and 81401042)a special fund from Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease,Ministry of Education(PXM2019_026283_000002)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z161100005116011,Z171100000117013)Beijing Municipal commission of Health and Family Planning(PXM2017_026283_000002).
文摘Alpha-synucleinopathies(α-synucleinopathies)are a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases comprising Parkinson’s disease(PD),dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB),and multiple system atrophy(MSA).Although in all these diseases there exist abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)aggregates in nerve tissues,the pathological lesions formed byα-syn aggregates and their cellular locations are quite different.In PD and DLB,the hallmark pathological lesions are Lewy bodies(LBs)and Lewy neurites(LNs),which are localized in the neuronal somata and processes.In MSA,the characteristic pathologic structures are glial cytoplasmic inclusions,which are deposited in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes.The fact that PD and MSA have distinct pathologicalα-syn lesions suggest that different mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of the two diseases.In this review article,we compare the clinical manifestations and pathological features of PD and MSA,the two common synucleinopathies,and discuss the potential mechanisms for the formation ofα-syn aggregates and their pathologic roles in PD and MSA.
文摘In multiple sclerosis, gray matter atrophy is extensive, and cognitive deficits and mood disorders are frequently encountered. It has been conjectured that focal atrophy is associated with emotional decline. However, conventional MRI has revealed that the pathological characteristics cannot fully account for the mood disorders. Moreover, there is no correlation between cognitive disorders and MRI results in clinically isolated syndromes or in cases of definite multiple sclerosis. In this casecontrol study, voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed on 11 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and the results show that these patients exhibit gray matter atrophy. Moreover, the gray matter atrophy in the superior and middle gyri of the right frontal lobe in patients with multiple sclerosis was correlated with scores from the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The scores obtained with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were associated with gray matter atrophy in the middle gyrus of the left frontal lobe, the superior and middle gyrus of the right frontal lobe, the middle gyrus of the left cingulate, the superior and middle gyri of the left frontal lobe, and the triangular area of the left frontal lobe. However, there was no statistical significance. These findings suggest that the cingulate and frontal cortices of the dominant hemisphere are the most severely atrophic regions of the brain, and this atrophy is correlated with cognitive decline and emotional abnormalities.
文摘目的探讨多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)患者并发尿潴留的临床特征以及发生尿潴留的影响因素。方法纳入2021年9月至2022年12月于北京中医药大学东方医院门诊就诊的MSA患者100例,根据膀胱残余尿量将患者分为无尿潴留组(残余尿量<100 mL)和尿潴留组(残余尿量≥100 mL),分析两组患者间性别、年龄、受教育年限、既往病史、病程、临床分型、临床诊断等级、直立性低血压、卧位高血压、性功能障碍以及相关量表评分差异。采用二元Logistic回归筛选影响MSA患者发生尿潴留的危险因素。结果MSA患者发生尿潴留47例(47.0%)。与无尿潴留组比较,尿潴留组很可能的MSA患者占比更高(P<0.05),统一MSA评分量表(UMSARS)-Ⅰ、日间尿频、尿急、急迫性尿失禁评分均更高(均P<0.05)。急迫性尿失禁是MSA患者发生尿潴留的独立危险因素(OR=1.995,P=0.010)。结论MSA患者发生尿潴留较为普遍,其中急迫性尿失禁是MSA伴发尿潴留的独立危险因素。
文摘采用感官定量描述分析法(SQDA)对A(JA1~JA3)、B(JB1~JB3)、C(JC1~JC3)三组复合香型白酒9个样品的风味结构进行分析,结果表明:三组复合香型白酒在香气评分上差异不显著,粮香、焦香、麦芽香突出,在口感评分上差异显著,A组白酒各维度口感评分高于其他两组。采用顶空-气相色谱质谱联用技术(HS-GC-MS)对3种白酒挥发性化合物组成进行检测分析,共检测到148种挥发性物质。相关性分析结果显示,异丁醛、3-甲基呋喃、二甲基二硫醚、巴豆酸、环氧丙烷、丙烯醛和草酸只在A组白酒中被检测出来,丁酸乙酯在B组白酒中含量最高,JA3中含量偏低,表明3组白酒样品间存在明显的风味物质种类和含量差异。同步结合特征差异代谢物分析挖掘出74个VIP>1的潜在差异代谢物,A vs B组、A vs C组、B vs C组分别有14种、7种、4种化合物呈现极显著性差异(p<0.01),这些含量具有显著差异性的化合物可能与复合香型白酒风味特征的差异具有重要联系。综上所述,本研究采用两种技术协同分析,获得了3种白酒更全面的挥发性风味信息,解析了三组复合香型白酒的风味结构特征及差异,为深入研究复合香型白酒风味形成的机理奠定了基础。
文摘目的系统评价血清神经丝轻链蛋白(neurofilament light chain protein,NfL)在神经退行性疾病及不同认知损害程度患者中的变化。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和中国生物医学文献库数据库,纳入阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)、多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)、进行性核上性麻痹(progressive supranuclear palsy,PSP)患者和健康对照均有血清NfL值的队列或病例对照研究,检索时间为建库至2023年4月30日。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评价纳入研究的风险偏倚,采用RevMan 5.4软件统计分析暴露组与非暴露组间的血清NfL值差异,合并效应量采用标准均数差(standard mean difference,SMD)及95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)表示。结果纳入43篇文献,共提取了62项对比研究。对PD、AD、MSA、PSP与各自健康对照组分组比较,四组分别纳入9项、24项、9项、8项研究。PD组[SMD=0.27,95%CI(0.17,0.36)]、AD组[SMD=0.97,95%CI(0.70,1.23)]、MSA组[SMD=1.51,95%CI(0.97,2.05)]、PSP组[SMD=1.54,95%CI(1.14,1.93)]血清NfL水平均高于各自健康对照组。对帕金森病认知正常(PD normal cognitive,PD-NC)与帕金森病痴呆(PD with dementia,PD-D)、阿尔茨海默病轻度认知减退(AD mild cognitive impairment,AD-MCI)与阿尔茨海默病痴呆(AD with dementia,AD-D)分组比较,两对比组分别纳入3项和9项研究,PD-D患者血清NfL水平高于PD-NC患者[SMD=0.92,95%CI(0.63,1.20)],AD-D患者血清NfL水平高于AD-MCI患者[SMD=0.61,95%CI(0.49,0.72)]。结论PD、AD、MSA、PSP患者血清NfL水平较健康人群升高,且认知损害程度越大,血清NfL水平越高,血清NfL可能是神经退行性疾病潜在的外周生物标志物,能够进一步反映认知水平的下降。