Katoba Tradition on the Muna Ethnic Community at Muna Barat Regency,Southeast Celebes,Indonesia

This study aims to describe the procession of katoba tradition performance on the Muna ethnic community at Muna Barat Regency,Southeast Celebes,Indonesia.This research is qualitative.This research was conducted at Guali village,Kusambi Sub-district of Muna Barat Regency,Southeast Celebes,Indonesia.Data sources of this research consist of primary and secondary data.In this study,the informants were determined purposively.To dig up information,both in the form of primary and secondary data,two techniques were used,namely observation and in-depth interviews.In this study,data analysis was done descriptively,qualitatively,and interpretively.The results of this research show that katoba tradition on the Muna ethnic community is carried out in four stages,namely:(i)performing ablution,(ii)performing kangkilo(circumcision),(iii)giving katoba advice,and(iv)reciting katoba pledge and haroa rasul prayer.The character educational value contained in katoba tradition on the Muna ethnic community is reflected in katoba advice guideline that must be taught to the katoba participant.The katoba advice guidelines are as follows:(a)dososo(regretting),(b)dofekakodoho dhosa(avoiding sins),(c)dotehi kamokula moghane(obeying father),(d)dotehi kamokula robhine(obeying mother),(e)dotehi poisaha(obeying older brothers/sisters),(f)doasiagho poaiha(loving younger brothers/sisters),and(g)miina daeala haku naasi(not taking the other people’s rights).

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Coronavirus (Covid-19) among Laboratory & Nursing Students of Hadhramout University, in Mukalla City, Yemen

Background: As future healthcare providers, nursing students must have high-quality knowledge and be able to respond to rapid changes in any situation, such as the pandemic Covid-19. The condition of these students reflects the readiness of nursing students to face the increasing cases in the country. Since December 2019, coronavirus (Covid-19), a novel infectious disease that emerged, has spread worldwide, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the infection is a “pandemic” and no country or region can be considered safe. The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus a global health emergency (pandemic) on January 30, 2020. The novel coronavirus is a highly contagious disease, and the current outbreak has affected a large portion of the population around the world. Public health and social interventions play a critical role in reducing the number of infections and deaths until the vaccine is available to all. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward Coronavirus (Covid-19) among Laboratory & Nursing students of Hadhramout University, in Mukalla City, Yemen. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional. Stratified random sampling is used in sample selection to ensure that laboratory and nursing students total of 130 (70, 60) were included in the study. The sample was randomly selected from one hundred students, 50 laboratory students, and 50 nursing students studying at Hadhramout College. Time of study from October to December 2021. Results: The statistical analysis of data collected in this study showed that the awareness of coronavirus knowledge was high, as indicated by the percentage of correct answers. 78% of the nursing students obtained the highest percentage of knowledge about coronavirus, while more than 75% of the laboratory students, relied on social media as their main source of Covid-19 information. The College of Nursing students got the highest percentage of resource information about the Coronavirus 44%. Also we reported negative attitudes in general among nursing students and laboratory students at Hadhramout University, with 31% and 35% of nursing students and laboratory students respectively. On the other hands, we noted that (39%) of nursing students received a greater percentage of practice about Coronavirus than (37%) of laboratory students. So, they had a negative practice in general. Conclusion: The present study shows that knowledge about coronavirus is high, but attitudes and practices toward coronavirus (Covid-19) among laboratory and nursing students at Hadhramout University in Mukalla, Yemen, are generally negative.

日本封建时代的地方自治权

日本封建时代的地方自治权 ,既有相当于西欧“特恩权”的“不输”、“不入”权 ,像威尼斯那样实行自治的城市———、平野、博多等 ,还有农村自治组织“”。幕府时代实行权威与权力二元分离的间接统治体制 ,天皇和将军分别是权威性君主和权力性君主。将军名义上是全国的最高统治者 ,实质上只是天领 (直辖地 )和大名的君主 ;大名是大名领国的君主 ;大小主独立行使领地的统治权。德川时代的“町役人”和“村方三役”全权管理城下町和农村。

木那场口翡翠及其皮壳的宝石学特征

帕敢场区是缅甸最重要的翡翠矿区,木那场口是帕敢场区中的著名场口之一。本文对木那场口翡翠及其皮壳的宝石矿物学特征进行详细探究,为后续研究木那场口翡翠提供相关资料。选取木那场口产出的翡翠样品,对其进行了外观特征观察、偏光显微镜观察以及X射线粉末衍射测试。结果表明,木那场口翡翠样品皮壳呈白色到黄褐色,多为细沙皮,皮薄且皮肉界限清楚,内部质地较致密,透明度较好,常见絮状飘花。木那场口翡翠样品的显微结构呈自形晶粒结构,包括纤维交织结构、柱状变晶结构或不等粒变晶结构。木那翡翠原石样品及其皮壳的主要矿物组成均为硬玉,其玉肉中含有绿辉石,皮壳含有高岭石、软锰矿、三水铝石、赤铁矿及钠长石。

从封禁到开禁——清乾隆时期对穆纳山木场的管理

清代的穆纳山木场是封禁区,但地方官吏和商人结伙营私,偷砍盗运,弊病丛生,清政府迫于形势,将穆纳山木植开禁,招商砍运,设口稽查,并制定了具体的管理措施。文章主要论述清朝对穆纳山由封禁到开禁的转变过程及原因,并对穆纳山木场的管理措施、效果等进行分析。