Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure...Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure(N-MCN) with interconnected micro-meso-macroporous structure and a polydopamine protection shell has been designed as an effective sulfur host for high-performance Li-S batteries. The advanced 3D hierarchically porous framework with the characteristics of the generalized Murray's law largely improves electrolyte diffusion, facilitates electrons/ions transfer and provides strong chemisorption for active species, leading to the synergistic structural and chemical confinement of polysulfides. As a result,the obtained P@S/N-MCN electrode with high areal sulfur loading demonstrates high capacity at high current densities after long cycles. This work reveals that following the generalized Murray's law is feasible to design high-performance sulfur cathode materials for potentially practical Li-S battery applications.展开更多
Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV) in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed w...Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV) in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed with Bioedit.ModelTest v.3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data.Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using PhyML.The phylogenetic signal of the dataset wa.s investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built using BEAST.Results:The phylogenetic trees showed two main clades.The clade Ⅰincluding eight strains isolated from West Australia.The clade Ⅱ was characterized by at least four epidemic entries,three of which localized in Northern West Australia and one in Papua New Guinea.The estimated mean evolutionary rate value of the MVEV envelope gene wa.s0.407 × 10^(-3) substitution/site/year(95%HPD:0.623 × 10~4-0.780× 10^(-3)).Population dynamics defines a relative constant population until the year 2000.when a reduction occurred,probably due to a bottleneck.Conclusions:This study has been useful in supporting the probable connection between climate changes and viral evolution also by the vector point of view:multidisciplinary monitoring studies are important to prevent new viral epidemics inside and outside new endemic areas.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0202602, 2021YFE0115800]National Natural Science Foundation of China [22275142, U22B6011, U20A20122, 21671155]+4 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities-Plan 111 from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Education of China [Grant No. B20002]Sinopec Ministry of Science and Technology Basic Prospective Research Project [218025-9]Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2021CFB082]Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology [K2021042]the Open Key Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing [Wuhan University of Technology, 2022-KF-10]。
文摘Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure(N-MCN) with interconnected micro-meso-macroporous structure and a polydopamine protection shell has been designed as an effective sulfur host for high-performance Li-S batteries. The advanced 3D hierarchically porous framework with the characteristics of the generalized Murray's law largely improves electrolyte diffusion, facilitates electrons/ions transfer and provides strong chemisorption for active species, leading to the synergistic structural and chemical confinement of polysulfides. As a result,the obtained P@S/N-MCN electrode with high areal sulfur loading demonstrates high capacity at high current densities after long cycles. This work reveals that following the generalized Murray's law is feasible to design high-performance sulfur cathode materials for potentially practical Li-S battery applications.
文摘Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV) in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed with Bioedit.ModelTest v.3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data.Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using PhyML.The phylogenetic signal of the dataset wa.s investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built using BEAST.Results:The phylogenetic trees showed two main clades.The clade Ⅰincluding eight strains isolated from West Australia.The clade Ⅱ was characterized by at least four epidemic entries,three of which localized in Northern West Australia and one in Papua New Guinea.The estimated mean evolutionary rate value of the MVEV envelope gene wa.s0.407 × 10^(-3) substitution/site/year(95%HPD:0.623 × 10~4-0.780× 10^(-3)).Population dynamics defines a relative constant population until the year 2000.when a reduction occurred,probably due to a bottleneck.Conclusions:This study has been useful in supporting the probable connection between climate changes and viral evolution also by the vector point of view:multidisciplinary monitoring studies are important to prevent new viral epidemics inside and outside new endemic areas.
