Analysis of NPK in Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata Biomasses for Preparation of an Organic Fertilizers Formula for Young Tea Plants (Musa acuminata) and Studying of Their Nutrient Release Capacity in the Biodegradation Process

This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Camellia sinensis 116.80 ± 0.08 mg and 66.00 ± 0.14 mg respectively. The highest K content (106.80 ± 0.04 mg) was observed in Musa acuminata. Next, all three types of plant materials were allowed to decompose in water for 3 weeks, and a sample from each was analyzed for NPK after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week during decomposition. A significant increase in the release of N, P, and K by the Camellia sinensis to water (P Musa acuminate were not significantly changed (P > 0.05) over time. The ratio for N:P:K was calculated for raw biomass samples and decomposed samples to find the best fitting N:P:K ratio to apply to young tea plants as organic fertilizers. In addition to that, the microbial insight of these organic compounds was analyzed by observing how microbial population increased with decomposition by the enumeration of the total microbial count. A considerable increment in total microbial count was observed up to 3.28 × 106, 1.21 × 1010, 2.18 × 108, and 6.49 × 107 CFU/ml for Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, Musa accuminata (leaves), and Musa accuminata (trunk) respectively. The presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen solubilizing bacteria (NSB) throughout the decomposition period was confirmed by their growth on NBRIP and a modified nutrient medium that was specifically designed for the identification of ammonifiers respectively. Prepared fertilizer samples were applied to young tea plants that were grown in the Mawanella area in Sri Lanka (7°15'12.42"N 80°26'47.62"E) and according to the results, it is clear that fertilizer mixture 1 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana trunk) and fertilizer mixture 2 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana leaves) has the potential to increase the growth of young tea plants.

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

大蕉(Musaparadisiaca ABB Linn.)花序愈伤组织的诱导及其体细胞胚发生

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4￣5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上增殖。胚性愈伤组织转移到体细胞胚诱导培养基中可诱导出体细胞胚。体细胞胚在成熟培养基上培养2个月后转移到含有0.2mg·L-16-BA的分化培养基上可以萌发,进而形成再生植株。组织学切片证明所诱导的愈伤组织是胚性组织,其所产生的体胚具有典型的单子叶植物体细胞胚的组织结构。

Preparation of antioxidant film from Musa sapientum Linn. peel extract and fruit

Musa sapientum Linn.(commonly called Kluai Namwa;KNW)is a herbaceous plant of the Musaceae family, which is extensively cultivated throughout Thailand. Peel of green KNW contains various effective compounds of tannins and flavonoids, which provide usefulness in antibacterial, antioxidant activities (1)Fruit starch from green KNW is also useful in the thickeners, binding, especially biopolymer agents [2,3].

Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Badnavirus in the Banana (Musa spp) Major Growing Areas in Burkina Faso

Banana streak virus (BSV) and Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) are two badnaviruses commonly found in all banana growing areas of the world. It is a threat to the production and improvement of Musa germplasm. In Burkina Faso, the presence of badnaviruses was reported in banana producing regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BSV and SCBV in banana production areas of Burkina Faso. A survey followed by a symptomatologic study was conducted in banana plantations in 27 localities of the nine main banana producing regions from July to October 2018 and September to December 2020. In all, 251 leaf samples were collected and analysed for BSV and SCBV infection by Indirect Antigen Coated Plate Assay-ELISA followed by amplification of the RT/RNase H region using Polymerase chain reaction with Badna FP/RP and SCBV F/R primers, respectively. A variety of symptoms were observed on almost all plant organs which were revealed due to BSV by symptomatologic study. The results of serological and molecular diagnosis revealed a high overall prevalence of BSV in 80.48% of the samples tested. BSV was distributed in seven survey regions out of nine with prevalence ranging from 10% to 100% in North, Centre, Centre West, Hauts Bassins, Cascades, Centre East and Boucle of Mouhoun regions. Very low prevalence was recorded for SCBV in Cascades and East Centre region with 4.35 and 12.5%, respectively. Species detection using specific primers to each species revealed three main species: Banana streak Obino l’ewaï virus (BSOLV), Goldfinger virus (BSGFV) and Imové virus (BSIMV) in the samples tested, respectively in the proportions of 23%, 8% and 0.8%. Co-infection between BSV species was also detected.

巴西MUSA粉烧结试验研究和生产实践

为降低烧结配矿成本,使用非主流矿巴西MUSA粉替代主流矿是配矿方案之一。通过烧结杯对比试验,研究了巴西MUSA粉对烧结过程和烧结矿性能的影响,确定了巴西MUSA粉合适配比结构并将其应用于实际烧结和高炉生产中,达到了提升烧结矿产量质量指标和支撑高炉保持高产、低耗、顺行状态的效果。烧结和高炉生产实践表明,配加巴西MUSA粉替代主流矿可行且降低了配矿成本。

Improvement of Selected Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Parameters of Banana (Musa acuminata L.) Using Potassium Silicate under Drought Stress Condition Grown in vitro

Drought stress has become more common in recent years as a result of climate change impacts on the production of banana crops and other fruit trees.The growth and productivity of Musa spp are severely impacted by the gradual degradation of water resources and the erratic distribution pattern of annual precipitation amount.The aim of the work includes increased drought tolerance in light of water scarcity in the world as a result of the bananas’being gluttonous for water needs.This investigation was carried out from 2019 to 2020 to study the effect of potassium silicate on morphological growth and biochemical parameters of Musa acuminata L under drought stress by PEG.As a result,drought stress reduced the morphological characteristics such as shoots number,shoot length,roots number,and survival percentage and biochemical characteristics such as chlorophyll a,b,carotenoids,stomatal status,and RWC.While proline content increased in the leaf of M.acuminata L.Media complemented with K2SiO3(2 to 6 mM)either individually or in combination with PEG led to an improvement in all morphological and biochemical characteristics.The activities of CAT,POD,and PPO enzymes increased significantly compared to control.Furthermore,the lowest PPO,CAT,and POD activity were achieved.Additionally,K2SiO3 treatments under drought stress successfully enhanced the leaf stomatal behavior.Our results suggest that K2SiO3 can help to maintain plant integrity in the tested cultivar under drought stress.

Diversity and Distribution of Wild Musa in Nagaland, India

The state of Nagaland is located in a region known to be a micro-centre of Musa evolution. The prevailing agro-climatic conditions are known to support various members of the genus. This study documents 12 species, which is an ideal representation of the rich diversity of this genus in an area of 16,579 sq. km. The various species were classified using morphological descriptors based on INIBAP, 1996 following the subsequent collection of the live specimen. The various species documented have been found to exist in single populations or in association with other species and their distribution depends on the varying altitudinal profile as well as the agro-climatic and topographical condition of the environment.

Ethanol extract of Annona muricata Linn fruit perform antidiabetic effect on type 2 diabetic mice through α-glucosidase inhibition

Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diabetic mice were randomly grouped and given 50 mg/kg acarbose or AME(200 mg/kg,100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg)for four weeks.The body weight,postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured during the administration.After the administration,a glucose tolerance test was performed,and the levels of triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in mice were detected by biochemical test kits.The inhibitory activity of AME onα-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro was determined by enzyme inhibition tests.Results:AME significantly reduced weight gain,postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein levels in T2DM mice;enhanced glucose tolerance and pancreaticβ-cell function of T2DM mice;inhibitedα-glucosidase activity in mouse intestine in an noncompetitive manner.Conclusion:AME may noncompetitive inhibitα-glucosidase activity and reduce postprandial glucose intake to achieve a therapeutic and regulatory effect on type 2 diabetes.

基于模糊数学的木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料制备

木姜叶柯与玫瑰茄的味觉特性限制了两种原料在食品工业中的广泛使用.为拓展木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄的应用,以木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄为主要原料,采用浸提法制备木姜叶柯及玫瑰茄浸提液,通过对饮料气味、色泽、组织状态和滋味进行权重分析,建立了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料模糊数学感官评价方法;利用单因素试验和正交试验结合模糊数学感官评价法,确定了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方,并对最佳产品的质量指标(可溶性固形物含量、总酸及总多酚质量浓度、澄清度)进行了测定.结果表明:木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方为木姜叶柯浸提液添加量3%,玫瑰茄浸提液添加量4%,柠檬酸添加量0.03%,复配甜味剂(甜度200)添加量0.03%.通过该配方制得的饮料质地均匀透亮、颜色呈玫红色、酸甜适宜,具有木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄特有的香味,其理化指标测定结果为:可溶性固形物含量0.16%±0.01%,总多酚质量浓度107.42±1.90 mg/L,总酸质量浓度0.30±0.01 g/L,澄清度73.62%±1.35%.

飞龙掌血茎和根不同炮制品对小鼠的急性毒性试验

旨在了解飞龙掌血[Toddalia asiatica(Linn)Lam.]茎和根不同炮制对小鼠急性毒性作用。130只KM小鼠适应性喂养3 d后,随机分为13组,包括溶媒组和12个药物试验剂量组(1个药材茎生品组和5个茎炮制组,1个根生品组和5个根炮制组,其中5种药材炮制品包括水煮制品、水洗制品、水蒸制品、酒蒸制品和酒炙制品)。溶媒组小鼠按40 mL/kg给予纯净水灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;茎各炮制品试验组小鼠按40 mL/kg灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;根各炮制品试验组小鼠按30 mL/kg灌胃,给药2次,间隔4~5 h,记录给药后各组小鼠14 d的主要临床症状、体重变化,并统计死亡率。结果表明,飞龙掌血及各炮制品可对小鼠产生急性毒性作用,临床中毒症状有自主活动减少、安静怠动、俯卧和翻正反射消失。炮制品组与溶媒组比较,在14 d内茎和根各炮制品均可致小鼠体重明显降低,且死亡率显著高于溶媒组(P<0.05或P<0.01);而与生品组比较,茎和根的5种炮制品在14 d内对小鼠体重的影响不显著,可有效降低小鼠的死亡率,其中以水煮法效果最佳。水煮、水洗、水蒸、酒蒸、酒炙炮制方法可以减小飞龙掌血茎和根(生品)对小鼠的毒性作用,但对小鼠体脂影响不显著。

香蕉中啶氧菌酯残留行为和膳食风险评估

香蕉生产中普遍使用啶氧菌酯,这可能对消费者健康造成潜在风险。为了评估膳食风险,我们拟研究香蕉中啶氧菌酯残留行为,在海南和云南两地分别开展香蕉中啶氧菌酯消解动态和最终残留试验,于施药后不同时间采样检测样品中啶氧菌酯残留,并计算膳食风险商。结果表明,在添加浓度0.02~1.0 mg/kg范围内,香蕉中啶氧菌酯的平均回收率为101.4%~109.2%,相对标准偏差为2.1%~4.0%,最小检出量为0.01 ng,最低检出浓度为0.02 mg/kg。香蕉中啶氧菌酯降解符合一级动力学方程,降解半衰期为8.7~13.8 d,最终残留量的最大值为0.045 mg/kg,施药60 d后香蕉中啶氧菌酯降解率大于99.62%。我国普通成人啶氧菌酯的估算每日摄入量估计为0.35 mg,风险商(RQ)为0.06,远远小于1。说明在该试验条件下,香蕉中啶氧菌酯的残留水平不会对普通成人造成膳食风险。

海岸桐茎和果实的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术对海岸桐(Guettarda speciosa Linn.)茎和果实的化学成分进行分析。结果显示:海岸桐茎中有35个化合物,包括三萜类12个、环烯醚萜类7个、酚酸及其苷类12个、强心苷类2个、黄酮类1个、苦木素类1个。海岸桐果实中有40个化合物,包括三萜类10个、环烯醚萜类8个、酚酸及其苷类8个、黄酮类8个、甾体类3个、脂肪酸类2个、二萜类1个。海岸桐茎和果实中共有成分18个,包括三萜类7个、环烯醚萜类6个、酚酸类及其苷类4个、黄酮类1个。综上所述,海岸桐茎中富含鞣质类酚酸成分,生态学意义较强;果实含有环烯醚萜类等活性物质,开发利用价值较高。

NaCl胁迫下pH值和氮素形态对狗牙根生长及钠钾离子调控的影响

以狗牙根〔Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.〕品种‘阳江’(‘Yangjiang’)为实验材料、2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES)为pH缓冲剂,采用水培法研究NaCl胁迫下pH值和氮素形态(铵态氮和硝态氮)对狗牙根生长和钠钾离子调控的影响。结果表明:处理1周后,若不添加MES,铵态氮处理组培养液的pH值下降到pH 4.0左右,而硝态氮处理组培养液的pH值则上升到pH 9.0左右;添加20 mmol·L^(-1)MES的铵态氮处理组培养液的pH值也下降到pH 4.0左右,而硝态氮处理组培养液的pH值则接近pH 7.0。与0 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理组相比,300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理组狗牙根的枝条长度和枝条干质量显著(P<0.05)下降,而根长度、根干质量、根和叶中Na^(+)含量和Na^(+)/K^(+)比、钠钾选择性转运系数、叶Na^(+)和K^(+)的分泌量及分泌物Na^(+)/K^(+)比总体上显著升高。300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,硝态氮处理组狗牙根的枝条长度、根长度、根干质量、根冠比、根中Na^(+)含量总体上显著高于铵态氮处理组,而叶中Na^(+)和K^(+)含量及Na^(+)/K^(+)比、叶Na^(+)和K^(+)的分泌量明显低于铵态氮处理组。300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,20 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组狗牙根的多数生长指标显著高于0 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组,而根和叶中Na^(+)和K^(+)含量及Na^(+)/K^(+)比、钠钾选择性转运系数在0和20 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组间的差异不显著。三因素方差分析结果表明:3个因子的单一和交互作用对多数生长指标、叶中Na^(+)含量和泌盐量相关指标的影响具有统计学意义。研究结果显示:硝态氮能缓解NaCl胁迫对狗牙根的伤害,而用MES缓冲根际酸碱环境对NaCl胁迫下狗牙根生长有一定的促进作用,因此,施用硝态氮或添加MES均有利于提高狗牙根的抗盐性。

南亚热带生境下6种紫珠属植物的光响应模型拟合分析

利用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数模型,对南亚热带生境下的6种紫珠属(Callicarpa)植物进行光合参数分析和光响应曲线拟合。通过对比4种模型计算光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))、暗呼吸速率(R_(d))和表观量子效率(AQE)以及决定系数(R^(2))、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)等参数,筛选出6种紫珠属植物最适光响应模型。结果表明:直角双曲线修正模型是6种紫珠属植物进行光合研究的最适用光响应模型,杜虹花对强光和弱光的利用能力均最高,朝鲜紫珠的光合潜能最大。综上,不同紫珠属植物对光的利用能力既表现出种间差异性,又表现出种间相似性,4种光响应模型在紫珠属植物的光合参数计算上存在较大差异,但在模型的拟合优度和拟合精度上存在一致性。

基于标准汤剂的鲜龙葵果配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的基于标准汤剂的质量评价方法,建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的质量标准。方法制备并计算10批鲜龙葵果标准汤剂及3批配方颗粒的出膏率;以鲜龙葵果药材为对照,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的专属性;采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定鲜龙葵果配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱的含量,并建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的特征图谱,确定4个特征峰及其相对保留时间的规定范围。结果标准汤剂出膏率为(18.21±1.87)%,确定的配方颗粒的出膏率范围为12.75%~23.67%,3批配方颗粒的出膏率分别为15.90%、21.26%、18.01%。标准汤剂中澳洲茄碱含量为(24.54±1.24)mg·g^(-1),澳洲茄边碱的含量为(31.34±1.65)mg·g^(-1);3批配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱含量分别为19.3 mg·g^(-1)、18.5 mg·g^(-1)、20.4 mg·g^(-1);澳洲茄边碱含量分别为23.9 mg·g^(-1)、22.9 mg·g^(-1)、25.8 mg·g^(-1)。识别出4个共有特征峰,以澳洲茄碱为参照物峰,其余3个峰的相对保留时间规定值分别为1.13、1.70、1.85。结论本研究证明鲜龙葵果配方颗粒与标准汤剂具有质量一致性,为制定配方颗粒的质量标准提供了数据支持。

无花果粗多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

本文以冻干无花果为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取粗多糖类物质,探讨提取溶剂、超声功率、提取温度和提取时间对无花果粗多糖提取率的影响,确定最佳提取参数,并通过DPPH自由基清除实验和总抗氧化能力测定评估无花果粗多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,以去离子水为提取剂,在超声功率为300 W、提取温度为75℃,提取时间为50 min的条件下,无花果多糖提取率最大。抗氧化活性实验结果表明,无花果粗多糖对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用。

中国芭蕉属植物新种:Musa tongbiguanensis(Musaceae)

通过多次的实地考察和对MGIS数据库的整理,应用INIBAP香蕉种质描述规范和simmonds的传统分类法鉴定和描述了在云南分布的芭蕉属植物的新种Musa tongbiguanensis Chen You&Yao-TingWu,该种果指和种子较大,果指棱角明显。

Musa sanguinea Hooker (Musaceae)种内分类的探讨

通过作者2006—2008年对云南芭蕉属植物的多次考察上,发现Musa sanguinea Hooker存在两种类型,通过种内分类,建议将其分为两个亚种。Musa sanguinea Hooker ssp. sanguinea的主要特征是基部花为中性花,果穗水平或向上,Musa sanguinea Hooker ssp. angle的主要特征是基部花为雌花,果穗斜生。

不同混合比例茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶对其青贮饲料营养品质、发酵品质和微生物群落的影响

本试验旨在探究不同混合比例茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶对其青贮饲料营养品质、发酵品质和微生物群落的影响。试验共设置6个茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶的混合比例,分别为:100%芭蕉叶单独青贮(BCK组)、20%茅台酒糟与80%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J20B80组)、40%茅台酒糟与60%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J40B60组)、60%茅台酒糟与40%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J60B40组)、80%茅台酒糟与20%芭蕉叶混合青贮(J80B20组)以及100%茅台酒糟单独青贮(JCK组);每个处理设置3个重复。青贮60 d后,对各组青贮饲料的养分含量、发酵品质和微生物群落进行测定。结果表明:1)与BCK组相比,各混合青贮组青贮饲料粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著提高(P<0.05);其中,J60B40组CP含量最高,显著高于J20B80组和J40B60组(P<0.05)。随着茅台酒糟添加比例的提高,青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势。2)与BCK组相比,各混合青贮组青贮饲料pH均显著降低(P<0.05);J60B40组氨态氮含量最低,显著低于除JCK组外的其他组(P<0.05);J60B40组和J80B20组乳酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);J40B60组和J80B20组丙酸(PA)含量较高,显著高于其他组(P<0.05);J60B40组PA含量显著高于J20B80组、JCK组和BCK组(P<0.05);所有组青贮饲料中均未检测到丁酸。3)在细菌门水平上,仅JCK组青贮饲料的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其余各组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其次是变形菌门;在细菌属水平上,J60B40组和J80B20组的优势菌属为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),相对丰度分别为72.76%和50.92%。在真菌门水平上,除J40B60组外,其余各组的优势菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota);在真菌属水平上,所有组的优势菌属均为其他,其次是毕赤酵母属(Pichia),且均含有少量的裂殖酵母属(Schizosaccharomyces)。综合分析得出,茅台酒糟与芭蕉叶混合青贮可以改善青贮饲料品质,其混合比例为60%茅台酒糟+40%芭蕉叶时青贮品质较好。