Objective: To evaluate the sedative effect of Diospyros lotus L(D. lotus) extract in mice using the open field and Rota rod tests.Methods: For the sedative and muscle relaxants activities of extract/fractions of the p...Objective: To evaluate the sedative effect of Diospyros lotus L(D. lotus) extract in mice using the open field and Rota rod tests.Methods: For the sedative and muscle relaxants activities of extract/fractions of the plant, invivo open field and phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time were used, while the Roda rod test was employed in animals for the assessment of muscle relaxant activity.Results: Results from this investigation revealed that the extracts of D. lotus have exhibited significant sedative effect in mice(45.98%) at 100 mg/kg i.p. When the extract was partitioned with different solvents, the n-hexane fraction was inactive whereas the chloroform fraction was the most active with 82.67% sedative effect at 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. On the other hand,the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions displayed significant sedative effects(55.65% and40.87%, respectively) at 100 mg/kg i.p. Among the tested extract/fractions, only chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant(P < 0.05) muscle relaxant activity in the Rota rod test.Conclusions: In short, our study provided scientific background to the traditional uses of D.lotus as sedative.展开更多
During initial studies of ECRH in the HL-1M tokamak, non-standard central MHD activities,such as saturated sawtooth, partially saturated sawtooth, double sawtooth, and the strong m = 1 bursts have been observed while ...During initial studies of ECRH in the HL-1M tokamak, non-standard central MHD activities,such as saturated sawtooth, partially saturated sawtooth, double sawtooth, and the strong m = 1 bursts have been observed while changing the heating location, the ECRH power, the plasma density. Complete suppression of sawtooth is achieved for the duration of the ECRH, when the heating power is applied on the high-field side of low-density plasma, and exceeds a threshold value of power. The m = 1 bursts riding on the ramp phase of sawtooth can only be excited when the ECRH location is near the q = 1 surface on the high field side. The conditions under which the various relaxation activities are produced or suppressed are described. Experimental results imply that the energetic electrons generated during ECRH are responsible for the modification/or stabilization/or excitation of the instability. Near the q = 1 surface, the passing electrons play the role of reducing the shear and tending to stabilize the sawtooth activity, while the barely-trapped electrons play the role of enhancing or driving an internal kink instability.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materi...Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control,PMR(Jacobsen group),and aromatherapy.The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups,and at the same time as completing the questionnaire,vital signs were also measured and recorded.Results:The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group(P<0.001).The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group(P<0.001).Moreover,data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR(P=008)and aromatherapy(P<0.001)groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion:The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics,aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.展开更多
Objective:To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training(PMRT)in the nursing field in China,and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field....Objective:To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training(PMRT)in the nursing field in China,and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field.Methods:The bibliometric method was adopted in“progressive muscle relaxation training”or“PMRT,”and“nursing.”The established database was included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and the Wanfang Medical Network.The relevant articles in the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP)were analyzed.Results:A total of 169 literatures were included.The journals,years,and regions of literature publication were uneven,mainly originating from the eastern region(43.19%),and listed the application of progressive muscle relaxation training in the field of nursing in China.Intervention literature information was mainly dominated by experimental studies(97%).Conclusion:The related research and application of progressive muscle relaxation training in nursing in China is increasing,but there is a lack of objective evaluation of outcome indicators and a short intervention period.Further research should be conducted in the future to effectively guide the development of PMRT in the field of nursing in China.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety,depression,and quality of life in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods:Sixty-one patients with CSVD in the Dep...Objective:To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety,depression,and quality of life in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods:Sixty-one patients with CSVD in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary hospital were divided into an observation group(28 patients)and a control group(33 patients)by lottery method.The control group received conventional nursing care,while the observation group received progressive muscle relaxation training interventions in addition to the conventional care.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL)were used to compare the effects before the intervention,7 days after the intervention,and 30 days after the intervention.Results:Over time,at different time points after the intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of patients with CSVD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05),and these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation training can improve anxiety and depression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease and can effectively enhance their quality of life.展开更多
This paper continues to study the central relaxing schemes for system of hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the local relaxation approximation. Two classes of relaxing systems with stiff source term are introduced...This paper continues to study the central relaxing schemes for system of hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the local relaxation approximation. Two classes of relaxing systems with stiff source term are introduced to approximate system of conservation laws in curvilinear coordinates. Based on them, the semi-implicit relaxing schemes are con- structed as in [6, 12] without using any linear or nonlinear Riemann solvers. Numerical experiments for one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems are presented to demon- strate the performance and resolution of the current schemes.展开更多
基金supported by HEC,Pakistan with grant number112-26510-2PS1-258
文摘Objective: To evaluate the sedative effect of Diospyros lotus L(D. lotus) extract in mice using the open field and Rota rod tests.Methods: For the sedative and muscle relaxants activities of extract/fractions of the plant, invivo open field and phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time were used, while the Roda rod test was employed in animals for the assessment of muscle relaxant activity.Results: Results from this investigation revealed that the extracts of D. lotus have exhibited significant sedative effect in mice(45.98%) at 100 mg/kg i.p. When the extract was partitioned with different solvents, the n-hexane fraction was inactive whereas the chloroform fraction was the most active with 82.67% sedative effect at 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. On the other hand,the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions displayed significant sedative effects(55.65% and40.87%, respectively) at 100 mg/kg i.p. Among the tested extract/fractions, only chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant(P < 0.05) muscle relaxant activity in the Rota rod test.Conclusions: In short, our study provided scientific background to the traditional uses of D.lotus as sedative.
文摘During initial studies of ECRH in the HL-1M tokamak, non-standard central MHD activities,such as saturated sawtooth, partially saturated sawtooth, double sawtooth, and the strong m = 1 bursts have been observed while changing the heating location, the ECRH power, the plasma density. Complete suppression of sawtooth is achieved for the duration of the ECRH, when the heating power is applied on the high-field side of low-density plasma, and exceeds a threshold value of power. The m = 1 bursts riding on the ramp phase of sawtooth can only be excited when the ECRH location is near the q = 1 surface on the high field side. The conditions under which the various relaxation activities are produced or suppressed are described. Experimental results imply that the energetic electrons generated during ECRH are responsible for the modification/or stabilization/or excitation of the instability. Near the q = 1 surface, the passing electrons play the role of reducing the shear and tending to stabilize the sawtooth activity, while the barely-trapped electrons play the role of enhancing or driving an internal kink instability.
基金financially supported by Arak University of Medical Sciences.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control,PMR(Jacobsen group),and aromatherapy.The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups,and at the same time as completing the questionnaire,vital signs were also measured and recorded.Results:The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group(P<0.001).The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group(P<0.001).Moreover,data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR(P=008)and aromatherapy(P<0.001)groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion:The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics,aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.
文摘Objective:To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training(PMRT)in the nursing field in China,and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field.Methods:The bibliometric method was adopted in“progressive muscle relaxation training”or“PMRT,”and“nursing.”The established database was included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and the Wanfang Medical Network.The relevant articles in the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP)were analyzed.Results:A total of 169 literatures were included.The journals,years,and regions of literature publication were uneven,mainly originating from the eastern region(43.19%),and listed the application of progressive muscle relaxation training in the field of nursing in China.Intervention literature information was mainly dominated by experimental studies(97%).Conclusion:The related research and application of progressive muscle relaxation training in nursing in China is increasing,but there is a lack of objective evaluation of outcome indicators and a short intervention period.Further research should be conducted in the future to effectively guide the development of PMRT in the field of nursing in China.
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety,depression,and quality of life in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods:Sixty-one patients with CSVD in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary hospital were divided into an observation group(28 patients)and a control group(33 patients)by lottery method.The control group received conventional nursing care,while the observation group received progressive muscle relaxation training interventions in addition to the conventional care.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL)were used to compare the effects before the intervention,7 days after the intervention,and 30 days after the intervention.Results:Over time,at different time points after the intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of patients with CSVD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05),and these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation training can improve anxiety and depression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease and can effectively enhance their quality of life.
基金This project supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.19901031), the specialFunds for Major State
文摘This paper continues to study the central relaxing schemes for system of hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the local relaxation approximation. Two classes of relaxing systems with stiff source term are introduced to approximate system of conservation laws in curvilinear coordinates. Based on them, the semi-implicit relaxing schemes are con- structed as in [6, 12] without using any linear or nonlinear Riemann solvers. Numerical experiments for one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems are presented to demon- strate the performance and resolution of the current schemes.
