Media Representation of Muslims and Islam From 2011-2019: A Meta Analysis

Media is a powerful tool to portray,represent and influence perceptions towards a particular ideology and religion in the present age of technology.Present study presents the findings about the role of media regarding Muslims and Islamic beliefs and identity.For the purpose a meta-analysis of 353 published studies from were critically reviewed and examined.The detailed quantitative analysis focuses on the geographical distribution,techniques,hypothesis,forms of media and time duration of published data whereas,qualitative analysis examined the most prestigious and well-known studied subject matters.Results from this study give the impression that most of the studies extends to European or western countries and on the other hand Islamic states and media belonged to them have been avoided.Findings also shed light on low volume of comparative studies,lack of perceptibility and scarcity of internet based quality work.A large number of researches focused on the trends of war on terror,links of Muslims in terror related incidences,Islamic extremism and migration.Furthermore,analysis and data of this study reveals the fact of negatively portraying the image and identity of Muslims.The religion of Islam as whole represented as religion associated with extremism,terror,violence and intolerance.Suggestions based on analysis are also taken into account.

Tasawwuf and Its Role in Minimizing Corruption and Insurgency Among Muslims in Northern Nigeria

Tasawwuf which refers to as zuhd during the time of the prophet is being distorted with new concept contrary to the teachings of the prophet and his companions. As a result, it is misunderstood by some Muslims and few bothers to look into its reality. The current practiced of tasawwuf to some extend contradictory to the zuhd displayed during the time of the prophet and his companions. The adulteration in it has made many Muslims not to pay attention： less learning or benefitting from its fruits. The current corrupt situation among Muslims in Northern Nigeria can be attributed to absence of zuhd. The fact that corrupt mind can lead to many problems, generated into insurgency： causing a lot of damages and loss of life and property. Therefore, the implementation of zuhd according to the teachings and practice of the prophet, his companions, and early Sunni scholars can be of assistance in reducing the level of corruption among Muslims in Northern Nigeria, This can be achieved through proper Islamic education mainly for the attainment of Allah＇s pleasure. By this, a Muslim seeks for the worldly gains as a means to an end, and deceased from following his whims and caprices.

Beijing Ox Street in the Eyes of Muslims

Around a 1,000-year-old mosque in Niu Jie （Ox Street） in the Xuanwu District in southern Beijing, there live some 12,000 Musliras, generation after generation. They are the witnesses to the vicissitudes of life in this age-old street.

A Qualitative Study on Belief,Perception,and Health Effects on Standing Zikr Among Thai Muslims in Nakhon Nayok Province

Many Muslims residing in Nakhon Nayok province state the importance of Standing Zikr as a common ritual activity which has been associated with Muslims’health and wellbeing.This study aimed to explore belief,perception,and health effects regarding Standing Zikr.Fifteen Muslim participants who had been practicing Standing Zikr for at least one year were interviewed.Data was collected by conducting face-to-face in-depth interview at participants’home and analyzed using the content analysis method of qualitative analysis.Based on our result,Standing Zikr was practiced since childhood with the support of family members and Muslim coordinators well-versed in the practice Standing Zikr.Amongst our Muslim participants,they had perceived benefits on physical and mental health,with reports of improved quality of life.There were some concerns in applying Standing Zikr for religion-related exercise(e.g.,comparable sensitivity between exercise and Zikr).We conclude that Standing Zikr had positive outcomes on physical and mental health,while also improving the quality of life of Muslim participants.Applying Standing Zikr had a high sensitiveness.Hence,understanding the belief,perception,and health benefits of Zikr are needed to enhance the relationship between healthcare providers and Muslim patients.

COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection among Muslims in Turkey: Religiosity and Fear of Death

This study aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine refusal and religiosity and fear of death among Muslims living in Turkey. This cross-sectional study was conducted online with 1046 adults aged 18 and older. The Ok-Religious Attitude Scale (Islam) (ORASI) (8 items) and Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale (TPDAS) (20 items) were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and binary logistic regression. A p-value of 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, vaccine rejection was 7.19 times higher among single people, 50.55 times higher among workers and tradesmen, and 3.36 times higher among people who did not have COVID-19. As religiosity increased, the risk of vaccine refusal decreased 1.037-fold.

The Muslims in France and the French Model of Integration

Local seasonal migrations have long been common in France,and the migrations can be throughout the whole Europe.The identification and assessment of such migration in European countries trace back to 1805 under the Napoleonic Empire regime,when nationality was based on jus sanguinis(Latin,right of blood)with the ultimate purpose of ensuring sufficient recruits in the Napoleonic armies,which is unlike the Republican France today that defines nationality on the basis of jus soli(Latin,right of the soil,also known as birthright citizenship).At the beginning of the 21st century,immigration has become a major challenge to the French domestic policy,and is closely linked to the issues of public safety,national identity,labor market,development of the European Union public policy,and the integration of the second generation by the secular,republican French model.The migration within and outside of the Europe demonstrates four conceptual issues:European residents’country of origin,French nationality,the exercising of French citizenship,and the construction of a personal identity in the context of a more and more complex family ethnic composition after the restructuring.

Monday Morning Among the Muslims

Heat,history and culture of the Hui ethnic group—those are the three things first coming to mind when I think of Xi’an,capital city of northwest China’s Shaanxi Province.The Hui people are Xi’an’s native Muslim

Political Aspirations,Participations and Influence of Turkish Muslims in Germany

Germany invited large number of guest workers from Turkey to revitalize its economy after WWII.Following decades of development,the Muslim population has become the largest minority group in Germany making up 5%of today’s German population.The main Muslim political aspiration is to be able to retain Turkish nationality but also access to German citizenship,and to promote the diversified development of German society to recognize their Muslim identity as well.In order to achieve their own political aspirations,they participate in German politics through German political parties,civil society groups and mass media.Their activities not only have great influence on both domestic politics and diplomatic relations,but also in improving their living conditions in Germany.However,the law in both countries will keep them from receiving German citizenship,let alone the dual nationality.Because of the inherent contradiction between Islam and Christianism,Germany has not yet become a truly pluralistic society.

Beware the Demon of Love Jihad! The Gendered and Sexual Abjectification of Muslim Masculinities by Hindu Nationalists on Twitter

In this paper,I examine the Twitter accounts of right-wing extremist groups(RWEGs)in India,arguing that the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is central to the narratives of Hindu supremacist groups.The abjectification process on Twitter serves as a rhetorical device to:a)criticize and problematize Muslim masculinities;b)idealize and glorify Hindu and white masculinities;c)promote Hindu and white masculine nationalist projects;and d)unify Hindu supremacists against Muslim others.By analyzing the gender ideologies expressed implicitly or explicitly on the Twitter accounts of RWEGs,and using the“Love Jihad”conspiracy case as a focal point,I demonstrate how the abjectification of Muslim masculinities is constructed in opposition to the idealized Hindu masculinities.This study highlights the intersection of gender and nationalism in the digital discourse of Hindu supremacist groups,offering insights into the mechanisms through which social media platforms are used to reinforce and propagate Islamophobic ideologies.

The Application of Newmark’s Metaphor Theory in Novel Translation--A Case Study of“the Jade King:History of a Chinese Muslim Family”

This paper examines the metaphorical part of“The Jade King:History of a Chinese Muslim Family”,Hoda’s novel,under the guidance of Newmark’s theory of metaphor.Newmark proposes six categories of metaphors,namely Dead Metaphor,ClichéMetaphor,Stock or Standard Metaphor,Adapted Metaphor,Recent Metaphor,Original Metaphor;and seven strategies of metaphor translation,including reproducing the same image in the target language,replacing the image in the source language with a standard target language image,translation of metaphor by simile,translation of metaphor(or simile)by simile plus sense,conversion of metaphor to sense,deletion and same metaphor combined with sense.They can provide a strong theoretical support for analyzing the expressions of metaphors in novels and their translation methods.By deeply analyzing the expressions of metaphor and its translation methods in novels,it not only helps to understand the metaphorical meaning and cultural connotation of the original works,but also helps to explore the cultural differences and challenges faced by English and Chinese bilingualism in the process of metaphor translation,thereby significantly improving the translation level and promoting the development of translation research.

Literature review of type 2 diabetes mellitus among minority Muslim populations in Israel

This review surveys the literature published on the characteristics and implications of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) for the Arab andBedouin populations of Israel. T2 DM is a global health problem. The rapid rise in its prevalence in the Arab and Bedouin populations in Israel is responsible for their lower life expectancy compared to Israeli Jews. The increased prevalence of T2 DM corresponds to increased rates of obesity in these populations. A major risk group is adult Arab women aged 55-64 years. In this group obesity reaches 70%. There are several genetic and nutritional explanations for this increase. We found high hospitalization rates for micro and macrovascular complications among diabetic patients of Arab and Bedouin origin. Despite the high prevalence of diabetes and its negative health implications, there is evidence that care and counseling relating to nutrition, physical activity and self-examination of the feet are unsatisfactory. Economic difficulties are frequently cited as the reason for inadequate medical care. Other proposed reasons include faith in traditional therapy and misconceptions about drugs and their side effects. In Israel, the quality indicators program is based on one of the world's leading information systems and deals with the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The program's baseline data pointed to health inequality between minority populations and the general population in several areas, including monitoring and control of diabetes. Based on these data, a pilot intervention program was planned, aimed at minority populations. This program led to a decrease in inequality and served as the basis for a broader, more comprehensive intervention that has entered the implementation stage. Interventions that were shown to be effective in other Arabic countries may serve as models for diabetes management in the Arab and Bedouin populations in Israel.

Celebrating Diversity of Humanity, Struggling for Peace, and Establishing Culture of Coexistence

The Qur＇an embraces cultural pluralism, emphasising that “People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. ”（Q. 49： 13）. Moreover, peace is the most fundamental value in the Qur＇an and Islam. The majority of the classical Muslim jurists, especially Hanafi school, emphasised that the reason for Muslims＇ fight against non-Muslims is Muslims＇ defense themselves against attacks, not non-Muslims＇ faith. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi （d. 1960） states that the only kind of jihad that is appropriate for the present age is spiritual or moraljihad. Furthermore, regarding Qur＇anic approach to relations between Muslims and the People of the Book, Muslim scholars, in general, advocate sincere relations and trust between Muslims and the People of the Book. In addition, Said Nursi is one of the great Muslim scholars in interfaith dialogue in the 20th century. Finally, there is the need for establishing culture of coexistence, which practised before within a religious tradition such as Islamic tradition for many centuries in the history. Through achieving a culture of coexistence and peace, most conflicts can be resolved.

Services and Applications Based on Mobile User’s Location Detection and Prediction

Many wireless applications are deployed and available to customers via their mobile phones. Variety of these applications and services are based on determination of the current or future location of mobile user. Location based services (LBS) are one of the vital applications which are subdivided into two main categories: economical category and public category. Economic applications include mobile marketing, entertainment and tracking applications. Whereas, emergency cases, safety, traffic management, Muslims’ applications and public information applications are sort of public applications. The first part of the paper presents a new proposed system with developed procedure to recreate public and economic applications with high positioning accuracy and good authentication of users’ data. The developed system is created to enhance both location based services and network allocation resources within mobile network platform using either normal or GPS supported mobile equipment. The second part of the paper introduces future location prediction of mobile user dependent applications. New algorithm is developed depending on utilizing both intra-cell Movement Pattern algorithm (ICMP) [1] and hybrid uplink time Difference of Arrival and Assisted GPS technique (UTDOA_AGPS) [2]. It has been noticed that ICMP algorithm outperforms other future location prediction algorithms with high precision and within suitable time (less than 220) msec. However, UTDOA_AGPS guarantees high precession of mobile user independent of the surrounding environment. The proposed technique is used to enhance reliability and efficiency of location based services using cellular network platform.

On Language, Culture and Diversity in Spain

The Iberian Peninsula was first inhabited by Celts, Iberians, Carthaginians, Romans, Visigoths, and later Berbers. How is it possible that in a spam of only 50 years, the Berbers were able to go pass the Pyrenees and practically ruled what today is Portugal, Spain, and region of France？ This article attempts to uncover the sociological aspects that helped the Berbers and Arabs rule the Iberian Peninsula quite rapidly. It was due to the commonalities and not the differences that Spain＇s political leaders went from Arian Visigoths to Muslims for the next 800 years. Ignacio Olague＇s book La Revoluci6n Isldmica en Occidente （The Islamic Revolution in the West）, also translated as Les Arabes N＇ont Jamais Envahi l＇Espagne （The Arabs Never Invaded Spain）, serves as one instrument to shed light to how this historical event took place. The result of this fusion of cultures not only created a rich civilization that would planted the seeds of the Renaissance three centuries before it began in Italy, but also contributed to the formation of a new language （between 720-750 AD）： El castellano o espahol （Spanish language）, which today is the official language in 21 st countries.

Muslim Education During the Period of Political Turmoil, 1921-1935： The Case of Colonial Bengal

This paper discusses the state of Muslim education in colonial Bengal during the crucial years of 1920s and 1930s. It evaluates the impact of some of the post war reforms introduced by the colonial government to improve Muslim education, and shows how these reforms influenced the progress of the community. It also analyzes how the relationship between Hindus and Muslims gradually deteriorated as a result of these educational reforms. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the educational reforms introduced during the period of intense political and financial crises.

Multi-Religious Milieus

Tensta-Rinkeby and Skarholmen are two suburbs of Stockholm which are characterized of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population created by immigration during the last decades. Many of those living in Tensta-Rinkeby and Skaholmen are Muslims, and others are Christians-native Protestants or Catholic and Orthodox immigrants. This article presents data from interviews with Muslim and Christian informants, leaders as well as lay persons, on how they look upon each other across religious borders. The information is classified and interpreted according to models used by scholars in theology of religion. Some informants give vague answers due to the fact that issues of assessing beliefs of others are seldom treated in their churches and mosques. Articulated opinions can be classified from a replacement to an acceptance-model with a bulk of proponents for a fulfillment-model in the middle. Finally the article discusses the importance of how religious actors teach and act in multi-religious milieus.

Between Incomprehensible Evil and a Moral Code of Honor: The Rescuing of the Albanian Jews During the Holocaust

The Holocaust,also known as the Shoah,was the tragic and devastating event of the genocide of European Jews during World War II.Between 1941 and 1945,Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe.The Jews and other racial minorities were rounded up across Europe and slaughtered by the German Nazi regime.Little was done to save,and rescue jews during that dark period,that is why the story of Albania,a small country in the Balkans,in which the entire country protected the Jewish community is so remarkable(Savich,2002).This paper will try to examine the heroic rescuing efforts made by the people of Albania during the holocaust while focusing on the Albanian moral code of honor known as“Besa”.This paper will also provide an overview of the impacts of those action.

Tree and shrub species preferences and planting materials used by sub-religious communities in the village groves of floodplain area of Bangladesh

An exploratory study of the traditional homestead forest of two different religious groups (Hindu and Muslim) in one selected floodplain area of Bangladesh was conducted over a period of six months from January to June 2002. The species' (both tree and shrub) preferences, similarities, use and sources of planting materials, spacing and location of species in the homesteads of both Hindu and Muslim communities were studied. It was found thatMangifera indica as tree species andOcimum sanctum as shrub species were the best preferred species of the Hindu community.Artocarpus heterophyllus as tree species andLawsonia inermis as shrub species were found best preferred by the Muslim community. Floristic similarities between the two groups were found 86.57% in tree species and 78.48% in shrub species. Both seed and seedlings of tree and shrub species as planting materials were used by the highest percentage of both the religious communities. For tree species, homegarden was reported to be the highest source (39%) and for shrub species, nature was the highest source (40%), which was found in the Hindu community. Key words Species preferences - Species similarity - Planting materials - Hindu - Muslim - Homestead forests - Floodplain area - Bangladesh CLC number S72 Document code A Biography: Md. Danesh Miah (1971): male, Assistant Professor in the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai

Prevalence and factors associated with belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in Indonesia:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and its associated factors.Methods:Due to mobility restriction,this study was conducted cross-sectionally via online platforms.The included factors were age,gender,religious identity,marital status,education level,occupation,and living with health workers.Logistic regression was used to assess the association between belief in COVID-19 vaccine with the predictors.Results:A total of 5397 responses were taken into analysis.The prevalence of belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was 62.3%.Whereas factors associated with belief in COVID-19 vaccines were being in the age of 45-54(aOR 1.767;95%CI 1.219-2.562),55-64(aOR 1.703;95%CI 1.219-2.562),and>64(aOR 2.136;95%CI 1.128-4.047),completing education until the secondary level(aOR 1.354;95%CI 1.111-1.650),working as health practitioners(aOR 2,353;95%CI 1.655-3.344),and living with health workers(aOR 1.278,95%CI 1.079-1.514).All religious identities including Muslim(aOR 2.447;95%CI 1.183-5.062),Protestant(aOR 3.615;95%CI 1.703-7.677),Catholic(aOR 4.486;95%CI 2.015-9.987),and Hindu(aOR 3.286;95%CI 1.410-7.655)showed significant association with belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.Conclusions:A high prevalence of belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was evident.Since vaccine compliance is determined by an individual's risk-benefit perception,this study emphasizes the need of raising awareness of the benefits of COVID-19 immunization.

Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of ‘Asabiyyah and Its Impact on the Current Muslim Community

This paper seeks to study the theory of ‘asabiyyah by Ibn Khaldun, a well-known North African historiographer from 14th century. It examines Ibn Khaldun’s original thoughts on ‘asabiyyah and how he did retool it for the beneficial purposes. At the same time, the paper tries to compare the term of ‘asabiyyah as proposed by Ibn Khaldun with the interpretation made by the West in the current world. This study also will give some inputs on the implementation of Ibn Khaldun’s theory of ‘asabiyyah, and it will expose how the theory could benefit the Muslim civilization to soar as a great nation. The descriptive method has been used in this study to present the right information about Ibn Khaldun and his theory. It is hoped that this study could enhance our understanding on the term of ‘asabiyyah in its positive connotation, as the term has been recognized negatively among people today.