Perianal tuberculous ulcer with active pulmonary,intestinal and orificial tuberculosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Orificial tuberculosis is a rare type of tuberculosis,which is easy to be misdiagnosed,and can cause great damage to the perianal skin and mucosa.Early diagnosis can avoid further erosion of the perianal muscle tissue by tuberculosis bacteria.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of disseminated tuberculosis in a 62-year-old male patient with a perianal tuberculous ulcer and active pulmonary tuberculosis,intestinal tuberculosis and orificial tuberculosis.This is an extremely rare case of cutaneous tuberculosis of the anus,which was misdiagnosed for nearly a year.The patient received conventional treatment in other medical institutions,but specific treatment was delayed.Ultimately,proper diagnosis and treatment with standard anti-tuberculosis drugs for one year led to complete cure.CONCLUSION For skin ulcers that do not heal with repeated conventional treatments,consider ulcers caused by rare bacteria,such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using molecular biology technology

Objective:To present an integrated molecular biology dedicated system for tuberculosis diagnosis.Methods:One hundred and five sputum specimens from patients strongly suspected by clinical parameters of tuberculosis were studied by Ziehl-Neelsen staining,by cultivation on solid medium and by a balanced hemincsted fluorometric PCR system(Orange C3TB) that could preserve worker safety and produce a rather pure material free of potential inhibitors. DNA amplification was performed in a low cost tuberculosis termocycler-fluorotneter.Produced double stranded DNA was flurometrically detected.The whole reaction was conducted in one single tube which would not be opened after adding the processed sample in order to minimize the risk of cross contamination with amplicons.Results:The assay was able to delect 30 bacillus per sample mL with 99.8%interassay variation coefficient.PCR was positive in 23(21.9%) tested samples(21 of them were smear negative).In our study it showed a preliminary sensitivity of 94.5%for sputum and an overall specificity of 98.7%.Conclusions:Total run time of the test is 4 h with 2.5 real working time.All PCR positive samples are also positive by microbiological culture and clinical criteria.Results show that it could be a very useful tool to increase detection efficiency of tuberculosis disease in low bacilus load samples.Furthermore,its low cost and friendly using make it feasible to run in poor regions.

Boarding issue in a commercial flight for patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that airborne transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) to other passengers or crew members can occur during long flights. As such, non-infectious TB patients are usually allowed to undertake air travel after taking the appropriate anti-TB drugs. However, the global guidelines for air travel for patients with TB are inconsistent and insufficiently detailed with respect to cavitary pulmonary TB(CPTB).CASE SUMMARY Here, we report a case in which a patient with multiple CPTB was permitted air travel, following negative sputum acid-fast bacilli smear tests after administration of proper anti-TB medication. The patient’s culture results were pending.CONCLUSION This case revealed that more specific guidelines regulating air travel for patients with CPTB are necessary.

Bronchial Washing to Diagnose Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Introduction: Bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) when sputum smears are negative. However, its indication has not been standardized. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to assess the diagnostic value of bronchial washing in patients suspected with pulmonary TB. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB in Kosin university gospel hospital, a tertiary hospital with 969 beds in South Korea, from March 2017 to December 2018. We obtained three serial sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture, and all patients underwent bronchoscopy with bronchial washing for AFB smear and culture. Results: Fifty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) was diagnosed in 42/56 (75%) patients. Among the patients with smear-positive sputum, 14/14 (100%) showed culture-positive sputum, while smear- and culture-positive bronchial washing were seen in 7/14 (50%) and 12/14 (85.7%) patients, respectively. Among the patients with SNPT, 17/42 (40.47%) had culture-negative sputum and were diagnosed using the bronchoscopic washing. Conclusions: For patients with smear-negative sputum, it is necessary to perform bronchoscopic washing to increase the diagnostic rate of pulmonary TB. To control the transmission of pulmonary TB, it is necessary to use a fast and accurate examination method.

Stool as Appropriate Sample for the Diagnosis of <i>Mycobacterium</i><i>tuberculosis</i>by Gene Xpert Test

Background: Diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a challenge. Symptoms are nonspecific. Young children are unable to expectorate sputum samples;the procedures for obtaining respiratory samples are invasive. Thus Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures and smears often are not performed. Stool samples were used as an alternative to respiratory samples for the diagnosis of pediatric PTB using stool Xpert MTB/RIF and its sensitivity for detecting the DNA of MTB in stool was determined. Methods: The study was a laboratory-based cross-sectional prospective design. Stool specimen was collected from PTB suspected children (<15 years) attended in Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital Nairobi and Kiambu District Hospital from September 2013 to March 2014. Stool for Xpert was processed in two ways, direct and prior extraction of DNA using QIAGEN stool DNA extraction kit. Result: A total sample of 91 stool specimen was collected from patients. Of these 53 (58.2%) had sputum ZN smear microscopy. Six (11.3%) of them were confirmed smear positive for PTB. Stool Gene Xpert was positive in all the six smear positive children. Four (7.5%) smear negative patients tested positive by stool Gene Xpert test. This association is significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion: This study reports that Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA can be detected in stool using Xpert testing with a higher sensitivity. Therefore stool which can easily be obtained is an appropriate alternative sample for the diagnosis of PTB using Xpert assay for children unable to give respiratory samples. Furthermore Xpert turn round time is less than 2 hours.

Active Case Finding of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Aba Federal Prison, Abia State, Nigeria

Background: Conditions in prisons favour rapid transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease, resulting in higher prevalence rates of TB in prisons than in the corresponding general population. However, in many developing countries with high TB burden, passive case-finding remains the usual approach to case detection of TB in prisons. On this premise, the Abia State TB Control Programme conducted a pilot study to assess the contribution of active case finding to tuberculosis control in Aba Federal Prison. Methods: The inmates were clinically screened and those with symptoms suggestive of TB cases were tested by sputum smear microscopy. Results: Out of the total number of 477 prison inmates present in the prison at the time of study, 449 (94.1%) were clinically screened for history of cough of 2 weeks’ duration;52 (10.42%) met the inclusion criteria for sputum smear microscopy. Eleven of the 52 (21.15%) tested for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by direct smear light microscopy were positive for AFB. One inmate was on anti-tuberculosis therapy;this with the 11 cases detected in the course of this study gave a total of 12 inmates of Aba prison with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the time of this study. This gives a minimum point prevalence rate of 2405 cases per 100,000 prison inmates. Four of the 11 prison cells had at least one smear positive case with 7 of the 11 cases concentrated in two cells. The age group of 25 - 34 years had the highest number of sputum positive cases. Conclusion: Active case-finding resulted in detection of 11 new cases of sputum positive tuberculosis (an increase in detection rate of 1100%) and the prevalence of sputum positive TB is very high (2405 cases per 100,000 prison inmates) in Aba prison. There is an urgent need to institute more effective TB case-finding and control in the prison.

Tuberculosis in Takayasu arteritis: a retrospective study in 1105 Chinese patients

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection has been reported to have a possible relationship with the occurrence and clinical course of Takayasu arteritis (TA). We aimed to describe the characteristics of TB in a large population of TA patients. Methods We included a total of 1105 patients with TA, who were hospitalized between January 1992 and December 2017. Comparisons of clinical features were made according to the presence of TB. Results Among the 1105 patients, 109 (9.9%) had TB, including 53 patients (48.6%) diagnosed with TB before the onset of TA, 23 (21.1%) with a concurrent diagnosis of TB and TA, and 24 patients (22.0%) who developed TB after TA. Pulmonary TB was the most frequently identified (97 patients, 89.0%). Patients with TB had more frequent involvement of the pulmonary artery and experienced more chest discomfort and constitutional symptoms but had less interventional treatment. Demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, and use of steroids were similar between patients with and without TB. Conclusions The proportion of Chinese TA patients with TB was not low, and about half of the patients had TB before TA. Pulmonary TB was the most common. Pulmonary artery involvement and pulmonary hypertension was more frequent in TA patients with TB.

Cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients newly infected with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis determined using plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase:an observational study

Objective: PulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosis infection can trigger cellular and humoral innate immune responses, which may cause death of the pathogen and or host cells/tissue. We aimed to determine the cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients with pulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosis infection based on plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels.Methods: In this observational study, patients newly infected with pulmonaryMycobacterium tuberculosis (n=31;age 37-62 years) and age-matched uninfected volunteers (n=50) were recruited as test and control volunteers, respectively in Owo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria (AUO/MLS/VII/2009/212). Anti-hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and plasma TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SOD, and MDA were determined by colorimetry,Plasmodium by Giemsa thick blood film staining, and acid-fast bacilli in sputum were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen staining.Results: All participants had normal blood glucose levels and tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, anti-hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, andPlasmodium spp., and had no medical history of cancer. Infected patients had significantly higher plasma MDA and TNF-α levels and significantly lower SOD levels compared with control subjects (allP<0.05).Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicited a cytotoxic response by phagocytes, evidenced by significant increases in MDA and TNF-α and a significant decrease in SOD levels.

SAT-TB联合FQ-PCR检测在痰涂片阴性肺结核诊断中的效能

目的:分析RNA恒温扩增实时检测技术(SAT-TB)联合荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测在痰涂片阴性肺结核患者诊断中的效能。方法:选取2020年7月至2022年7月该院收治的75例疑似痰涂片阴性肺结核患者进行前瞻性研究。采集所有患者肺泡灌洗液标本,采用SAT-TB、FQ-PCR法进行检测,以结核分枝杆菌痰培养结果为“金标准”,比较SAT-TB、FQ-PCR单项及联合检测在痰涂片阴性肺结核诊断中的效能。结果:金标准结果显示,75例疑似痰涂片阴性肺结核患者中,阳性48例,阴性27例;SAT-TB检测结果显示,阳性36例,阴性39例;FQ-PCR检测结果显示,阳性37例,阴性38例;SAT-TB联合FQ-PCR检测结果显示,阳性47例,阴性28例;SAT-TB联合FQ-PCR检测诊断痰涂片阴性肺结核的灵敏度、准确度均高于SAT-TB、FQ-PCR单项检测诊断,漏诊率低于SAT-TB、FQ-PCR单项检测诊断,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SAT-TB联合FQ-PCR检测诊断痰涂片阴性肺结核的效能高于二者单项检测诊断效能。

Interleukin 17-Producing γδ T Cells Increased in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Although it has been known that γδ T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tb）, the mechanisms by which the γδ T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis （TB） have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors （HD） were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of γδ T cells in IL-17-producing cells （59.2%） and IL-17-producing cells in γδ T cells （19.4%） in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those in HD （43.9% and 7.7%, respectively）. In addition, the proportions of IFN-T-producing γδ T cells in TB patients were obviously lower than that in HD. Upon re-stimulated with M. tb heat-treated antigen （M. tb-HAg） in vitro, fewer IL-17-producing γδ T cells were generated from HD and TB patients, whereas IFN-T-producing γδ T cells were increased in TB patients compared to that in HD. Our findings in TB patients and healthy human were consistent with other murine investigation that the IL-17- producing γδ T cells were main source of IL-17 in mouse model of BCG infection, suggesting that γδ T cells might be involved in the formation of tubercular granuloma in pulmonary TB patients, but need further identification.

Indicators for prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity detected with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Background:The diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)remains a challenge in clinic,especially for sputum negative pulmonary TB.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)has higher sensitivity than sputum for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).However,bronchoscopy is invasive and costly,and not suitable for all patients.In order to make TB patients get more benefit from BALF for diagnosis,we explore which indicator might be used to optimize the choice of bronchoscopy.Methods:A total of 1539 sputum-smear-negative pulmonary TB suspects who underwent bronchoscopy were recruited for evaluation.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of Mtb detection in sputum and BALF were compared.Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals were used to assess variables that associated with positive acid-fast bacilli(AFB)smear,Mtb culture and nucleic acid amplification test(NAAT)of BALF in sputum-negative and non-sputum-producing pulmonary TB suspects.Results:BALF has significantly higher sensitivity(63.4%)than sputum(43.5%)for Mtb detection by culture and NAAT.19.7%(122/620)sputum-negative and 40.0%(163/408)non-sputum-producing suspects had positive bacteriological results in BALF.Among sputum-negative and non-sputum-producing pulmonary TB suspects,the positivity of Mtb detection in BALF is associated with a younger age,the presence of pulmonary cavities and a positive result of interferon-gamma release assay(IGRA).Sputum-negative patients under 35 years old with positive IGRA and pulmonary cavity had 84.8%positivity of Mtb in BALF.Conclusions:Our study indicated that combination of age,the presence of pulmonary cavity,and the result of IGRA is useful to predict the positivity of Mtb detection in BALF among sputum-negative and non-sputum producing pulmonary TB suspects.Those who are under 35 years old,positive for the presence of pulmonary cavity and IGRA,should undergo bronchoscopy to collect BAFL for Mtb tests,as they have the highest possibility to get bacteriologically confirmation of TB.

痰与支气管肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌FQ-PCR检测对涂阴肺结核诊断价值的比较

目的探讨呼吸道痰标本和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)Mtb-DNA检测对涂阴肺结核的诊断价值。方法选择福州肺科医院2009年7月至2009年12月胸部影像学疑为肺结核但至少3份痰涂片镜检Mtb阴性,或胸部影像学无法排除肺结核需进一步检查的患者共51例,所有入选患者初诊根据临床症状、体征、胸部影像学结果分为疑似结核组(24例)和待排结核组(27例)。均行抗结核抗体、红细胞沉降率检测及PPD试验,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)定性及定量检测两组患者痰和BALF中的Mtb-DNA。结果疑似结核组和待排结核组各有22例和2例确诊肺结核,确诊的24例中痰FQ-PCR敏感度为45.8%(11/24),特异度为96.3%(26/27),Youden指数42.1%;BALF FQ-PCR的敏感度为75.0%(18/24),特异度96.3%(26/27),Youden指数71.3%。结论 FQ-PCR检测BALF Mtb较痰更为敏感,对影像学疑诊但痰涂片阴性的结核患者有很高的实用价值,尤其适用于无痰的患者。

Determination of the predictive factors for diagnostic positivity of nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis

Background:Tuberculosis(TB)remains a major threat to human health,and TB diagnostic methods remain unsatisfactory.Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)show higher sensitivity compared with culture for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB(PTB).However,NAATs are expensive and cannot be easily implemented outside major medical centers.To improve the sensitivity of NAATs for PTB diagnosis,we investigated the predictive factors that might optimize NAAT utilization.Methods:A total of 1263 patients with suspected PTB were enrolled for evaluation.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of methods including smear-microbiology,culture of Mtb and NAAT for Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)detection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were compared.Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals were used to assess variables that might be associated with positive NAAT results for sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with suspected PTB.Results:NAAT showed higher sensitivity for Mtb detection(61.1%)when compared with smear(9.0%)and Mtb culture(47.8%).We found that an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate,the presence of cavities,and positive interferon-𝛾release assay(IGRA)results were indicative of positive Mtb detection by NAAT.Moreover,individuals who had all three of these characteristics showed an 86%diagnostic positivity for PTB from Mtb detection by NAAT.Conclusions:Our study suggests that an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate,a positive IGRA result,and the presence of pulmonary cavities are helpful factors for predicting positive Mtb detection by NAAT.Patients with the three positive clinical markers should undergo NAAT for Mtb detection because they are the most likely individuals to be bacteriologically confirmed as having TB.

FQ-PCR检查痰中结核杆菌对肺结核诊断的临床价值

目的探讨荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测痰中结核分枝杆菌对诊断肺结核的临床价值。方法选择2007年4月～2010年1月在我院感染科治疗的100例确诊肺结核患者和100例非结核性呼吸道疾病患者,所有患者均分别用FQ-PCR、痰涂片和Bactec MGIT 960结核杆菌快速培养法进行痰结核杆菌检测,比较分析检测结果。结果检测100例确诊肺结核患者的痰标本,FQ-PCR检出率最高(55%),高于快速培养法(43%)(P<0.05)和痰涂片法(29%)(P<0.01)。以痰培养为标准,FQ-PCR对痰菌检测的敏感性、特异性、阳性预期值、阴性预期值分别为97.8%、93.5%、80.0%和99.3%;FQ-PCR与痰培养法的一致性为94.0%(188/200)。结论FQ-PCR是检查痰中结核杆菌快速、敏感、特异、可定量、简便的方法,值得临床推广用于肺结核诊断,可作为结核杆菌培养法的有效补充。

FQ-PCR法痰结核杆菌DNA检测及其临床应用

目的探讨荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(FQ-PCR)法痰结核杆菌DNA检测及其临床应用。方法分别以FQ-PCR,集菌培养和染色镜检检测入选患者的痰标本,比较各方法在结核病诊断中的作用。结果三种检测方法的敏感性为71.8%,39.0%,26.5%,显示FQ-PCR法敏感度最高。结论FQ-PCR法具有简便、快捷、敏感、特异性高的特点,可以快速及时准确的为临床提供诊断依据。

结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测对菌阴空洞肺结核的诊断效能分析

目的探讨结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增(Xpert)检测对菌阴空洞肺结核的诊断效能。方法选取河北省胸科医院2021年4月至2022年10月期间行手术治疗的124例肺部空洞疾病患者相关病历资料,其中菌阴空洞肺结核86例(观察组),非结核肺部空洞疾病38例(对照组)。收集患者手术标本Xpert检测和外周血结核感染T细胞斑点(T-SPOT)试验结果,分析二者对菌阴空洞肺结核的诊断效能。结果Xpert检测和T-SPOT试验诊断菌阴空洞肺结核的敏感度为68.6%、75.6%,特异度为97.4%、68.4%。Xpert检测的敏感度低于T-SPOT试验(χ^(2)=5.832,P<0.001),特异度高于T-SPOT试验(χ^(2)=21.469,P<0.001)。2种方法在观察组中的阳性检出率均高于对照组[Xpert检测:68.6%(59/86)比2.6%(1/38);T-SPOT试验:75.6%(65/86)比31.6%(12/38)](均P<0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,Xpert检测诊断菌阴空洞肺结核的曲线下面积为0.830,T-SPOT试验的曲线下面积为0.729,Xpert检测的准确度高于T-SPOT试验(P<0.001)。结论Xpert检测对菌阴空洞肺结核有比较可靠的诊断效能。

肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的影响因素

目的:分析肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2020年4月至2023年4月于泉州市第一医院就诊的100例肺结核患者的临床资料,采集患者入院24 h内的晨痰行细菌培养和药敏试验,根据结核分枝杆菌是否耐药分为耐药组(n=40)和敏感组(n=60),分析结核分枝杆菌耐药的影响因素。结果:100例肺结核患者中结核分枝杆菌耐药40例,耐药率为40.00%,其中耐多药结核病占80.00%;两组性别、年龄、体质量指数、婚姻、病程、饮酒史、高血压、长期应用糖皮质激素、侵入性操作、病变累及肺叶数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组居住地、吸烟史、糖尿病、空洞肺结核、复治肺结核情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,居住农村、吸烟、合并糖尿病、空洞肺结核、复治肺结核均为肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:居住农村、吸烟、合并糖尿病、空洞肺结核、复治肺结核均为肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌耐药的危险因素。

转染miR-223模拟物的巨噬细胞结核分枝杆菌清除能力、凋亡、炎症反应变化及miR-223与NLRP3靶向关系

目的 观察肺结核患者血清微小RNA-223(miR-223)水平变化,以及转染miR-223模拟物的巨噬细胞结核分枝杆菌(MTB)H37Rv清除能力、凋亡、炎症反应变化,并分析miR-223与NLRP3靶向关系。方法 选取37例份活动性肺结核患者血清标本(肺结核组)和同期40例健康体检者血清标本(健康组),采用RT-PCR法检测两组血清标本中miR-223。体外培养人单核细胞株THP-1,经佛波脂刺激24 h后分化为巨噬细胞,将巨噬细胞随机分为健康组、MTB组、MTB+mimics-NC组、MTB+miR-223 mimics组,健康组细胞常规培养,MTB组、MTB+mimics-NC组、MTB+miR-223 mimics组均用MTB标准株H37Rv感染巨噬细胞,感染后MTB+mimics-NC组和MTB+miR-223 mimics组应用脂质体转染法分别将mimics-NC、miR-223 mimics转染至细胞中,采用RT-PCR法检测各组细胞miR-223及NLRP3、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA,流式细胞术测算各组细胞凋亡率,菌落形成单位(CFU)计数法检测各组H37Rv细菌负荷量。取对数生长期THP-1细胞,随机分为miR-223 mimics+NLRP3-WT组、mimics-NC+NLRP3-WT组、miR-223mimics+NLRP3-MUT组、mimics-NC+NLRP3-MUT组,用Lipofectamine 2000按照试剂盒说明书操作分别将miR-223mimics和NLRP3-WT、mimics-NC和NLRP3-WT、miR-223 mimics和NLRP3-MUT、mimics-NC和NLRP3-MUT共转染至各组细胞,转染后24 h检测各组细胞的相对荧光素酶活性,双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-223与NLRP3是否存在靶向关系。结果 与健康组比较,肺结核组血清miR-223表达降低(P<0.05)。与健康组比较,MTB组miR-223表达、细胞凋亡率降低,NLRP3、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA表达及H37Rv细菌负荷量升高(P均<0.05);与MTB+mimics-NC组比较,MTB+miR-223 mimics组miR-223表达、细胞凋亡率升高,NLRP3、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA表达及H37Rv细菌负荷量降低(P均<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示,NLRP3是miR-223的靶向基因。结论 肺结核患者血清miR-223表达降低,转染miR-223模拟物能够促进巨噬细胞凋亡,增强MTB感染的巨噬细胞的除菌能力,减轻炎症反应,其机制可能与靶向调控NLRP3有关。

五种检测技术在尘肺合并肺结核诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨痰涂片找抗酸杆菌、痰利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)、分枝杆菌菌种鉴定、痰抗酸杆菌培养和血γ-干扰素释放检测技术(TB-IGRA)5种检测技术在尘肺合并肺结核临床诊断中的应用价值。方法纳入2016年7月—2021年5月在厦门大学附属第一医院住院治疗的尘肺合并肺结核患者,按照尘肺患者是否合并肺结核,将患者分为尘肺组(156例)和尘肺合并肺结核组(111例);比较两组患者的性别、年龄、接尘时间等一般资料,以及患者痰涂片、Xpert MTB/RIF、分枝杆菌菌种鉴定、痰培养和TB-IGRA的检测结果,分析尘肺合并肺结核患者5种检测技术阳性检出率的差异及其诊断价值。结果在尘肺合并肺结核组中,TB-IGRA检测方法的阳性检出率最高(81.1%),高于其他4种检测方法(P<0.01);两两联合检测,以Xpert MTB/RIF+TB-IGRA组合的检测方式检出率最高(96.4%),高于其他9种组合(P<0.01)。结论TB-IGRA检测方法对尘肺合并肺结核患者的阳性检出率较高,联合Xpert MTB/RIF检测后可进一步提高诊断效率,对早期诊断尘肺是否合并结核具有重要的临床诊断价值。

扶正逐瘀方联合2HRZE/4HR方案治疗阴虚血瘀证肺结核患者的效果

目的探讨扶正逐瘀方联合2HRZE/4HR方案在肺结核患者阴虚血瘀证治疗中的应用效果。方法以随机数字表法将河南中医药大学第三附属医院2020年1月至2022年5月接收的肺结核患者106例分为两组,各53例。对照组接受2HRZE/4HR抗结核方案治疗,研究组接受扶正逐瘀方联合2HRZE/4HR方案治疗。比较两组疗效、痰菌转阴率、免疫功能[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)]、不良反应发生率。结果研究组治疗总有效率较对照组高(P<0.05)。治疗3个月,研究组痰菌转阴率较对照组高(P<0.05);治疗6个月,两组痰菌转阴率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月,两组血清IgA、IgG、IgM水平均升高,且研究组较对照组高(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论扶正逐瘀方联合2HRZE/4HR方案治疗阴虚血瘀型肺结核疗效确切,可促进痰菌转阴,改善机体免疫功能,降低不良反应发生风险。