Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children:An overview of systematic reviews

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence within systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)inchildren.Methods:SRs of randomized controlled trials were searched using PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,and the SinoMed Database.SRs on the use of CHM alone or in combination with Western medications for MPP in children were included.The study compared the effects of Western medicine alone with those of CHM.The evidence quality using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR)2,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020,and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)criteria.The primary indicators were the total effective rate,fever subsidence time,and cough disappearance time.The secondary outcomes were pulmonary rale disappearance time,average hospitalization time,lung X-ray infiltrate disappearance time,immunological indices,and inflammatory cytokine levels.Results:Twelve relevant SRs were included;75%(9/12)were assessed as very low quality,and 25%(3/12)Were rated as low quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria.According to the PRISMA 2020 checklist,the average SR score was 20.3 out of a 27 point maximum.In all SRs,CHM demonstrated improvement in symptoms and signs among children with MPP.The evidence quality using the GRADE criteria ranged from"very low"(>50%)to"moderate"(<5%).The most common downgrading factor was imprecision,followed by publication bias and inconsistency.Conclusion:This overview highlights the limited quality of the methodology and evidence of the included SRs.Although the included studies showed the beneficial effects of CHM on MPP in children,it was difficult to draw firm conclusions owing to methodological flaws.

Serum inflammatory markers in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and their predictive value for mycoplasma severity

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)significantly impacts pediatric health,necessitating markers for early severe disease identification.AIM To investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory marker and the severity of MPP in children.METHODS A prospective study was carried out from January 2023 to November 2023.A total of 160 children with MPP who underwent treatment were selected:80 had severe MPP and 80 had mild MPP.Clinical and laboratory data were collected at the time of hospital admission and during hospitalization.Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to assess the diagnostic and prognostic for severe MPP.RESULTS Fever duration and length of hospitalization in pediatric patients with severe MPP exceeded those with mild MPP.The incidence of pleural effusion,lung consolidation,and bronchopneumonia on imaging was markedly elevated in the severe MPP cohort compared to the mild MPP cohort.In contrast to the mild cohort,there was a notable increase in C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),erythrocyte sedimentation rate,lactic dehydrogenase,D-dimer,and inflammatory cytokines[interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]in the severe MPP group were significantly higher.CONCLUSION Serum inflammatory markers(CRP,PCT,IL-6,D-dimer,IL-10 and TNF-α)were considered as predictors in children with severe MPP.

Research Progress on Combined Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

With the continuous development of medical technology,combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine has gradually become a research hotspot.As a common disease in pediatrics,the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)in children is also being explored and improved.This article summarizes the research progress of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment of MPP in children in recent years,aiming to provide a useful reference for the combined treatment of MPP in children.The article firstly introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of MPP in children,thereafter briefly introduces the Western anti-infective treatment and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of MPP in children,and lastly introduces the methods of combined treatment of TCM and Western medicine in detail.The article points out that the combination of Chinese and Western medicine can give full play to the overall regulation of Chinese medicine and the precise treatment advantages of Western medicine,improve the therapeutic effect,reduce the use of antibiotics,and lower the recurrence rate of the disease,which is worthy of further research and promotion.

The Effect of Azithromycin in Treating Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children

Objective:To discuss and analyze the effect of azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children.Methods:A total of 120 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into an azithromycin group and a reference group according to the random number drawing method,with 60 cases in each group.The azithromycin group was treated with azithromycin,and the reference group was treated with conventional treatment.The efficacy of treatment,laboratory indicators,platelet count and D-dimer,and adverse reactions of both groups were compared.Results:The efficacy of the azithromycin group was significantly higher than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the laboratory indicators like ferritin,procalcitonin(PCT),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)between the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the laboratory indicators of the azithromycin group were significantly better than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in platelet count and D-dimer between the groups(P>0.05);after medication,the platelet count,and D-dimer in the azithromycin group were significantly better than those in the reference group(P<0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the azithromycin group was significantly lower than that in the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Azithromycin is more effective in treating mycoplasma pneumonia in children,and has certain clinical value.

Clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in children caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae with or without myocardial damage:A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)is a prevalent pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children and adolescents.AIM To assess the differences in the clinical features of MP-associated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children who presented with mild or severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP);to identify the incidence of myocardial damage between the two groups.METHODS This work is a retrospective study.We identified children between 2 mo and 16 years of age with clinical and radiological findings consistent with CAP.We admitted patients to the inpatient department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun,China,from January 2019 to December 2019.RESULTS A total of 409 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with MPP.Among them were 214(52.3%)males and 195(47.7%)females.The duration of fever and cough was the longest in severe MPP cases.Similarly,plasma levels of highly sensitive Creactive protein(t=-2.834,P<0.05),alanine transaminase(t=-2.511,P<0.05),aspartate aminotransferase(t=-2.939,P<0.05),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(t=-2.939,P<0.05)were all elevated in severe MPP cases compared with mild MPP cases,and these elevations were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conversely,the neutrophil percentage was significantly lower in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.The incidence of myocardial damage was significantly higher in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases(χ^(2)=157.078,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main cause of CAP.The incidence of myocardial damage was higher and statistically significant in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.

Intestinal Microecology in Children with Pneumonia: The Relationship Between Digestive Health and Disease Recovery

This paper explores the association between intestinal microecology and digestive health and disease recovery in children with pneumonia.Intestinal microecological imbalance is common in children with pneumonia,which is closely associated with digestive health and disease recovery.Intestinal microecological imbalance may affect digestive enzyme activity,intestinal mucosal barrier function,and nutrient absorption,which in turn affects digestive health.In addition,intestinal microecological imbalances may be associated with immune regulation,inflammatory responses,and pathogen suppression,affecting disease recovery.Strategies to regulate intestinal microecology include probiotic supplementation,dietary modification,and pharmacological treatment.Currently,the study of intestinal microecology in children with pneumonia faces challenges,and there is a need for improved research methods,individualized treatment strategies,and the development of novel probiotics.In conclusion,the intestinal microecology of children with pneumonia is closely related to digestive health and disease recovery,and the regulation of intestinal microecology is of great significance to the treatment of children with pneumonia.Furthermore,future research should further explore the application of the microecology of the intestinal microecology in the treatment of children with pneumonia.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Macrolide Resistance and MLVA Typing in Children in Beijing,China,in 2016:Is It Relevant?

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the macrolide resistance rate and molecular type with multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis(MLVA)of Mycoplasma pneumoniae of Beijing in 2016 in pediatric patients.Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to identify M.pneumoniae,and MLVA was performed.The domain V of the 23 S rRNA was sequenced to detect macrolide-resistant point mutations.We also investigated the activities of antibiotics against M.pneumoniae isolates in vitro.Results The PCR detection rate of M.pneumoniae in children in Beijing was 40%,and the macrolide resistance rate was 66%.The A2063 G mutation in the 23 S rRNA V region is the dominant mutation(137/146,93.84%),whereas the A2064 G mutation is rare(9/146,6.16%).Seventy-three samples were typed successfully by MLVA typing,including 86.3%(63/73)were MLVA type 4-5-7-2,and 13.7%(10/73)were MLVA type 3-5-6-2.No other types were found.No strains were resistant to levofloxacin or tetracycline.Conclusion In 2016,a specific decrease in the macrolide resistance rate occurred in Beijing.The detection rate and macrolide resistance rate of outpatients are lower than those of inpatients.The A2063 G mutants M.pneumoniae have high levels of resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin.The primary MLVA type is 4-5-7-2,followed by 3-5-6-2.No other MLVA types were detected.No strains resistant to tetracycline or levofloxacin were found in vitro.

Correlation Between the Clinical Severity, Bacterial Load, and Inflammatory Reaction in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Given the lack of defining features in the clinical manifestations and radiographic findings for children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP),quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)has become a useful diagnostic method.This study was performed to explore the relationship between the qPCR findings,clinical symptoms,and inflammatory markers in children with MPP.Four hundred children with MPP have been enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All clinical and analytical information,including mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)PCR results,has been collected.Based on the PCR results,the patients were divided into groups with load values(copy number)<105(54 cases),2105 and<106(71 cases),2106 and<107(112 cases),>107 and<108(114 cases),and>108(49 cases).The clinical features(including symptoms and signs)and inflammatory indicators were compared among the groups.The incidence of high fever(above 39℃),thermal peak during the entire hospitalization period,fever duration,days of hospitalization,and plasma lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)levels were statistically correlated with the MP PCR load value in children with MPP.The analysis of relevance degree showed the correlative order as a thermal peak of hospitalization>duration of fever>period of hospitalization>LDH value>C-reactive protein value.The host immune response was significantly greater in the complication group than in the non-complication group.

Using 16S rDNA Sequencing Technology to Preliminarily Analyze Intestinal Flora in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Objective We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods Between September 2019 and November 2019,stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,were collected and divided into general treatment(AF)and probiotic(AFY)groups,according to the treatment of“combined Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Enterococcus,and Bacillus cereus tablets live”.Highthroughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.Results Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased.Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls(P<.05).When compared with healthy controls,the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group,while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher(P<0.05).The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus,Lachnoclostridium,Roseburia,and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher.The proportion of Escherichia coli-Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed,manifested as decreased abundance and diversity,and decreased Bifidobacteria.Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.

Effect of Yanhuning in combined with azithromycin on the inflammatory cytokines and immunological function in children with mycoplasma pneumonia

Objective: To explore the effect of Yanhuning in combined with azithromycin on the inflammatory cytokines and immunological function in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods: A total of 130 children with mycoplasma pneumonia were included in the study and randomized into the treatment group (n=65) and the control group (n=65). The patients in the control group were given azithromycin. On the above basis, the patients in the treatment group were given Yanhuning. The patients in the two groups were continuously treated for 7 d. The levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and immunological function indicators before and after treatment in the two groups were detected and compared. Results: When compared with before treatment, the serum IL-2 level after treatment in the two groups was significantly elevated, while IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were significantly reduced;moreover, the improvement in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group. When compared with before treatment, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ after treatment in the two groups were significantly elevated, and those in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while CD8+ was significantly reduced, but the comparison between the two groups was not statistically significant. When compared with before treatment, RBC-C3bR after treatment in the two groups was significantly elevated, while RBC-ICR was significantly reduced;moreover, the improvement in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group. Conclusions: Yanhuning in combined with azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children can significantly enhance the immunological function, and reduce the inflammatory reaction, with an effect significantly superior to that by single application of azithromycin.

The study on the mechanism of Tanreqing and ambroxol combined with Azithromycin for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children

Objective:To observe the mechanism of Tanreqing and ambroxol combined with Azithromy for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children and offer help to mycoplasma pneumonia treatment.Methods:86 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia patients in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, each group were 43 cases. Control group was treated with conventional therapy, and observation group was treated with Tanreqing and ambroxol combined with Azithromy based on conventional therapy, the changes of lung function [V-T (Tidal volume)/kg, t-PTEF/t-E (time ratio of peak to peak), TEF25/PTEF (Instantaneous velocity of exhaling tidal volume 75% and Peak tidal expiratory flow ratio) and MTIF/MTEF (medium-term inspiratory flow rate and medium-term expiratory flow rate ratio)], cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α) and the myocardial enzymes [LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase isoenzyme), CK (creatine kinase) and AST (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase)] were detected before and after treatment.Results: The comparison of lung function, cytokines and themyocardial enzymes in the two groups before treatment was not statistically significant (P>0.05). MTIF/MTEF, themyocardial enzymes (LDH, CK-MB, CK and AST) and cytokines (IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α) in both groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (P<0.05);lung function (V-T/kg, t-PTEF/t-E, TEF25/PTEF), and IL-2 in both groups after treatment significantly increased compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). Lung function (V-T/kg, t-PTEF/t-E, TEF25/PTEF), and IL-2 in observation group after treatment increased more significantly than that in control group (P<0.05), and MTIF/MTEF, themyocardial enzymes (LDH, CK-MB, CK and AST) and cytokines (IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α) decreased more significantly than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Tanreqing and ambroxol combined with Azithromy could improve lung function, cytokines and the myocardial enzymes in children with mycoplasma pneumonia, which has a very important clinical significance of the treatment to mycoplasma pneumonia.

Correlation of serum complement and immunoglobulin contents with inflammatory stress response in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Objective:To study the correlation of serum complements C3 and C4 as well as immunoglobulins IgM, IgA and IgG contents with inflammatory stress response in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods: The children who were diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine between February 2015 and January 2018 were selected as the MPP group, and healthy children who received physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of complements, immunoglobulins and inflammatory stress mediators in serum as well as the expression of inflammatory stress molecules in peripheral blood were measured.Results: Serum C3, C4, IgM, sICAM-1, CD40L, HMGB1, Cor and MDA levels as well as peripheral blood TLR2, TLR4, CD11b, CD18, MPO and NOX2 expression intensity of MPP group were significantly higher than those of control group, IgA level was significantly lower than that of control group, and IgG level was not different from that of control group;serum C3, C4 and IgM levels of MPP group were positively correlated with serum sICAM-1, CD40L, HMGB1, Cor and MDA levels as well as peripheral blood TLR2, TLR4, CD11b, CD18, MPO and NOX2 expression intensity, and serum IgA level was negatively correlated with serum sICAM-1, CD40L, HMGB1, Cor and MDA levels as well as peripheral blood TLR2, TLR4, CD11b, CD18, MPO and NOX2 expression intensity. Conclusion: The changes of serum complements and immunoglobulins in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia are related to the excessive activation of inflammatory stress response in the course of disease.

Effect of adjuvant therapy of transfer factor oral solution on the infection process of children with Mycoplasma pneumonia

Objective:To explore the effect of adjuvant transfer factor oral solution therapy on the infection process of children with mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods:A total of 164 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who were treated in our hospital between January 2017 and January 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into control group (n=82) and transfer factor oral solution group (n=82) by random number table method. Control group received clinical routine therapy for children with mycoplasma pneumonia, transfer factor oral solution group received both routine therapy and transfer factor oral solution therapy, and both groups were treated for consecutive 1 week. The differences in infection-related index levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results:Before treatment, the differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors, coagulation indexes and immunoglobulins were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 1 week of treatment, serum inflammatory factors IL-2, IL-13 and IL-18 contents of transfer factor oral solution group were lower than those of control group;serum coagulation index FIB level was lower than that of control group whereas PT and APTT levels were higher than those of control group;serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM contents were lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Adjuvant transfer factor oral solution therapy can effectively relieve the systemic inflammatory response and reduce the coagulation system and humoral immune system function damage in children with mycoplasma pneumonia.

The value of IgM and IgG contents for the diagnosis and judgment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children

Objective: To explore the value of IgM and IgG contents for the diagnosis and judgment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Methods: 560 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who received inpatient treatment in our hospital between October 2016 and October 2017 were selected as mycoplasma pneumonia group, and 200 healthy children who received vaccination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The differences in peripheral blood IgM and IgG contents as well as serum inflammatory factor and pulmonary surfactant protein contents were compared between the two groups, and Pearson test was used to evaluate the inner link of peripheral blood IgM and IgG contents with inflammatory factors and pulmonary surfactant proteins in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Results: Peripheral blood IgM and IgG contents of mycoplasma pneumonia group were higher than those of normal control group;serum inflammatory factors MCP-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18 and IL-23 contents were higher than those of normal control group;serum pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D contents were higher than those of normal control group. Correlation analysis showed that peripheral blood IgM and IgG contents in children with mycoplasma pneumonia were positively correlated with the contents of inflammatory factors and pulmonary surfactant proteins. Conclusion: Peripheral blood IgM and IgG contents are abnormally high in children with mycoplasma pneumonia, and they are closely related to the inflammatory response and lung injury degree.

Effect of early warning and evidence-based intervention combined with drug therapy on the infection process in children with mycoplasma pneumonia

Objective:To study the effect of early warning and evidence-based intervention combined with drug therapy on the infection process in children with mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods:Children who were treated and clearly diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia in Zigong Third People's Hospital between May 2014 and October 2017 were chosen and randomly divided into two groups, experimental group accepted early warning and evidence-based intervention combined with drug therapy, and control group accepted routine drug therapy. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress response indicators in serum as well as the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress signal molecules in peripheral blood were measured before treatment and 3 d after treatment.Results:Compared with those of same group before treatment, serum TNF-α, CysLTs, sTREM1, sP-selectin, sICAM1, MDA, SF and COR levels as well as peripheral blood TLR4, NF-κB, COX2, NOX4, MPO and iNOS expression intensity of both groups of patients significantly decreased whereas SOD and IgA levels significantly increased after treatment. Moreover, serum TNF-α, CysLTs, sTREM1, sP-selectin, sICAM1, MDA, SF and COR levels as well as peripheral blood TLR4, NF-κB, COX2, NOX4, MPO and iNOS expression intensity of experimental group were lower than those of control group whereas SOD and IgA levels were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Early warning and evidence-based intervention combined with drug therapy can reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in the infection process of children with mycoplasma pneumonia.

Status of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>Pneumonia in Chinese Children: A Systematic Review

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) becomes one of the most important health problems in China recently. Date for MPP inChinais scarce. Although macrolides and/or cortical steroids had been reported to be effective treatment for MPP, the long-term outcome remained uncertain. A study on status of MPP in China was conducted via a systematic review of published studies which have the Chinese data and collected from published PubMed and core journals of China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI). The analysis was based on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, drug resistance and prognosis. Twenty five articles concerned about MPP in Chinese children and adolescent were enrolled, including 11 studies on epidemiology/etiology, 11 studies on clinical characteristics, 7 studies on drug resistance, 5 studies on treatment from China's Mainland respectively. The overall incidence of MPP ranged from 7.1% to 54.4%. Fever and cough were most frequently identified in manifestations. Drug resistance to macrolides ranged from 18.9% to 90%. The outcome of treatment in patients who received combined treatment of macrolides, cephalosporin antibiotics and/or cortical steroid seems to be better than those who received macrolides only. Macrolide combined with cephalosporin or cortical steroid both may decrease the severity of MPP in the past decade. There was not enough evidence to suggest that cortical steroid can decrease the mortality of MPP in children. And a multi-center, randomized double blind research on the effect of cortical steroid was encouraged.

Detection and clinical significance of immune function, inflammatory factors and ESR levels in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Objective:To explore the detection and clinical significance of immune function, inflammatory factors and ESR levels in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Methods: A total of 122 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae from September 2015 to February 2017 were selected as the observation group, while 120 healthy children were selected as the control group. The differences of immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subsets, inflammatory factors and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were compared in the two groups, and the correlation between ESR and inflammatory factors was analyzed.Results: There was a significant difference in peripheral blood T lymphocyte level between the two groups;CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while CD8+ was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group. The IgA of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and there was no significant difference between IgG and the control group, and IgM was significantly higher than that of the control group. The two groups of hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and ESR expression level were significant differences;the hs-CRP, TNF-α, IFN-γ and ESR in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group;the ESR of the children with mycoplasma pneumonia was positively correlated with the level of hs-CRP, TNF-α and IFN-γ, which was statistically significant.Conclusions:The cell immunity, humoral immune function of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are relatively low, and the inflammatory reaction is more severe, and the inflammatory factors of the body are positively related to the level of ESR expression.

Effect of azithromycin combined with terbutaline on the infection and systemic conditions in children with mycoplasma pneumonia

Objective: To study the effect of azithromycin combined with terbutaline on the infection and systemic conditions in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods: A total of 80 children with pneumonia who were treated in the hospital between August 2014 and February 2017 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. The control group received azithromycin therapy, the observation group received azithromycin combined with terbutaline therapy, and both therapies lasted for 6 d. The differences in systemic inflammatory response, myocardial enzyme spectrum, and liver function and so on were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors, myocardial enzyme spectrum indexes and liver function indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 6 d of treatment, serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, PCT, CK-MB, LDH, HBDH, ALT, AST and ALP levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment, and serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, PCT, CK-MB, LDH, HBDH, ALT, AST and ALP levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Azithromycin combined with terbutaline therapy can effectively control the systemic inflammatory response and protect the heart and liver function in patients with mycoplasma pneumonia.

Effect of azithromycin combined with licorzinc therapy on inflammatory response and immune response in children with mycoplasma pneumonia

Objective:To study the effect of azithromycin combined with licorzinc therapy on inflammatory response and immune response in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods:A total of 150 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who were treated in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2017 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table, with 75 cases in each group. Control group received azithromycin therapy, while observation group received azithromycin combined with licorzinc therapy. The therapies were given for the patients in both groups lasted for 14 d. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors, Th17/Treg cytokines and immunoglobulin were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors, Th17/Treg cytokines and immunoglobulin were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-12, IL-13 and MCP-4 levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group;serum Th17/Treg cytokines IL-17 and IL-25 levels were significantly lower than those of control group while IL-10 and IL-35 levels were significantly higher than those of control group;serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG and IgM levels were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusions: Azithromycin combined with licorzinc therapy can effectively reduce the systemic inflammatory response and optimize the immune function in children with mycoplasma pneumonia.

Analysis on the Clinical Effect of Shenling Baizhu San Combined with Routine Treatment on Bacterial Pneumonia in Children

[Objectives]To explore the effect of Shenling Baizhu San combined with routine treatment on the clinical efficacy,gastrointestinal function protection,inflammatory response and immune function of children with bacterial pneumonia.[Methods]From July 2017 to January 2018,80 children with bacterial pneumonia were randomly selected and divided into observation group and control group with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine,while the observation group was treated with Shenling Baizhu San on the basis of conventional treatment,with a period of 10 d.Then,we compared the clinical efficacy,incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms,WBC,CRP,CD4+and CD8+levels between the two groups.[Results]The clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of WBC and CRP in the two groups decreased,especially in the observation group(P<0.05).After treatment,the level of CD4+in both groups increased significantly,while the level of CD8+decreased significantly,and the level of CD4+in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment.The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).[Conclusions]Shenling Baizhu San can obviously improve the clinical effect of bacterial pneumonia in children and has the protective effect of gastrointestinal tract,and its mechanism may be related to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.