The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms(MDS/MPNs) are a unique group of hematologic malignancies characterized by concomitant myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. According to the 2008 WHO classif...The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms(MDS/MPNs) are a unique group of hematologic malignancies characterized by concomitant myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. According to the 2008 WHO classification, the category includes atypical chronic myeloid leukemia(a CML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML), MDS/MPN-unclassifiable(MDS/MPN-U), and the provisional entity refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis(RARS-T). Although diagnosis currently remains based on clinicopathologic features, the incorporation of nextgeneration platforms has allowed for the recent molecular characterization of these diseases which has revealed unique and complex mutational profiles that support their distinct biology and is anticipated to soon play an integral role in diagnosis,prognostication, and treatment. Future goals of research should include the development of disease-modifying therapies, and further genetic understanding of the category will likely form the foundation of these efforts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms,has a generally poor prognosis,and easily prog...BACKGROUND Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms,has a generally poor prognosis,and easily progresses to acute myeloid leukemia.The simultaneous incidence of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors is extremely low,and CMML coinciding with lung malignancies is even rarer.Here,we report a case of CMML,with ASXL1 and EZH2 gene mutations,combined with non-small cell lung cancer(lung squamous cell carcinoma).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old male,suffering from toothache accompanied by coughing,sputum,and bloody sputum for three months,was given a blood test after experiencing continuous bleeding resulting from a tooth extraction at a local hospital.Based on morphological results,the patient was diagnosed with CMML and bronchoscopy was performed in situ to confirm the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the lower lobe of the lung.After receiving azacitidine,programmed cell death protein 1,and platinum-based chemotherapy drugs,the patient developed severe myelosuppression and eventually fatal leukocyte stasis and dyspnea.CONCLUSION During the treatment and observation of CMML and be vigilant of the growth of multiple primary malignant tumors.展开更多
了解骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms,MDS/MPN)的临床类型、病理特征、基因突变,对其预后进行评估。收集1例MDS/MPN病例及相关参考文献,观察其临床表现、临床病理学特征、基因突变及最终临...了解骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms,MDS/MPN)的临床类型、病理特征、基因突变,对其预后进行评估。收集1例MDS/MPN病例及相关参考文献,观察其临床表现、临床病理学特征、基因突变及最终临床分型,判断治疗疗效,并进行预后评价。MDS/MPN同时具有MDS和MPN的临床及主要血液学特点,目前分为慢性粒单细胞白血病、不典型慢性粒细胞白血病,BCR-ABL1阴性(atypical chronic myeloid leukemia,a CML)、幼年型粒单细胞白血病(juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia,JMML)、伴环形铁粒幼细胞和血小板增多的骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis,MDS/MPN-RS-T)、MDS/MPN,无法分类(MDS/MPN–unclassifiable,MDS/MPN-U)等5种类型。各型有其不同诊断标准,而上述不同疾病之间出现转化,国内未见报道。保定市第一医院诊治1例最初诊断不明确的慢性髓系恶性肿瘤,随着疾病的演变而最终确诊为慢性粒单细胞白血病。通过本病例表明,在不同类型MDS/MPN之间可能会存在类型转换。展开更多
To describe myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN) combined with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS) in order to investigate the potential association between these 2 disea...To describe myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN) combined with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS) in order to investigate the potential association between these 2 diseases. Two cases of confirmed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML) combined with MGUS were reported. In addition, prior publications of cases with combined MDS or MPN with MGUS were reviewed. The first case was of a 77-year-old man whose routine blood tests showed abnormal hemogram results. The diagnosis was CMML combined with Ig M monoclonal gammopathy, and the disease course was 4 years. The CMML gradually progressed and the patient presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolysis, and an increase in the number of immature cells in the bone marrow. Although the MGUS caused fluctuations in the concentrations of Ig M, no Ig M-associated organ damage was observed. Eventually, this patient died from a lung infection. The second case was of a 78-year-old man who sought treatment because of fever and a cough. An increase in the number of monocytes was discovered in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow smear results suggested obvious active granulocytes and an increase in the percentages of promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes. Unhealthy granulocytes and immature monocytes could also be observed, and the percentage of monocytes was increased. In addition, serum Ig G levels were increased, and immunofixation electrophoresis results showed Ig G-κ type M proteins. The diagnosis was CMML combined with Ig G monoclonal gammopathy. These diseases were stable and follow-up was conducted for 1 year after diagnosis. The cases in this study combined with those that were reviewed in the relevant literature indicate that the presence of these 2 diseases in the same patient might not be a coincidence. The development of the 2 diseases in case 1 was different, and we speculate that they might have had different clonal origins. Whether CMML is a risk factor for MGUS and the role of clonal plasma cells in the occurrence and development of MDS and MDS/MPN requires further studies on a larger number of cases.展开更多
文摘The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms(MDS/MPNs) are a unique group of hematologic malignancies characterized by concomitant myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. According to the 2008 WHO classification, the category includes atypical chronic myeloid leukemia(a CML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML), MDS/MPN-unclassifiable(MDS/MPN-U), and the provisional entity refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis(RARS-T). Although diagnosis currently remains based on clinicopathologic features, the incorporation of nextgeneration platforms has allowed for the recent molecular characterization of these diseases which has revealed unique and complex mutational profiles that support their distinct biology and is anticipated to soon play an integral role in diagnosis,prognostication, and treatment. Future goals of research should include the development of disease-modifying therapies, and further genetic understanding of the category will likely form the foundation of these efforts.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML),a rare clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms,has a generally poor prognosis,and easily progresses to acute myeloid leukemia.The simultaneous incidence of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors is extremely low,and CMML coinciding with lung malignancies is even rarer.Here,we report a case of CMML,with ASXL1 and EZH2 gene mutations,combined with non-small cell lung cancer(lung squamous cell carcinoma).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old male,suffering from toothache accompanied by coughing,sputum,and bloody sputum for three months,was given a blood test after experiencing continuous bleeding resulting from a tooth extraction at a local hospital.Based on morphological results,the patient was diagnosed with CMML and bronchoscopy was performed in situ to confirm the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the lower lobe of the lung.After receiving azacitidine,programmed cell death protein 1,and platinum-based chemotherapy drugs,the patient developed severe myelosuppression and eventually fatal leukocyte stasis and dyspnea.CONCLUSION During the treatment and observation of CMML and be vigilant of the growth of multiple primary malignant tumors.
文摘了解骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms,MDS/MPN)的临床类型、病理特征、基因突变,对其预后进行评估。收集1例MDS/MPN病例及相关参考文献,观察其临床表现、临床病理学特征、基因突变及最终临床分型,判断治疗疗效,并进行预后评价。MDS/MPN同时具有MDS和MPN的临床及主要血液学特点,目前分为慢性粒单细胞白血病、不典型慢性粒细胞白血病,BCR-ABL1阴性(atypical chronic myeloid leukemia,a CML)、幼年型粒单细胞白血病(juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia,JMML)、伴环形铁粒幼细胞和血小板增多的骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis,MDS/MPN-RS-T)、MDS/MPN,无法分类(MDS/MPN–unclassifiable,MDS/MPN-U)等5种类型。各型有其不同诊断标准,而上述不同疾病之间出现转化,国内未见报道。保定市第一医院诊治1例最初诊断不明确的慢性髓系恶性肿瘤,随着疾病的演变而最终确诊为慢性粒单细胞白血病。通过本病例表明,在不同类型MDS/MPN之间可能会存在类型转换。
文摘To describe myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)/myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN) combined with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS) in order to investigate the potential association between these 2 diseases. Two cases of confirmed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML) combined with MGUS were reported. In addition, prior publications of cases with combined MDS or MPN with MGUS were reviewed. The first case was of a 77-year-old man whose routine blood tests showed abnormal hemogram results. The diagnosis was CMML combined with Ig M monoclonal gammopathy, and the disease course was 4 years. The CMML gradually progressed and the patient presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolysis, and an increase in the number of immature cells in the bone marrow. Although the MGUS caused fluctuations in the concentrations of Ig M, no Ig M-associated organ damage was observed. Eventually, this patient died from a lung infection. The second case was of a 78-year-old man who sought treatment because of fever and a cough. An increase in the number of monocytes was discovered in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow smear results suggested obvious active granulocytes and an increase in the percentages of promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes. Unhealthy granulocytes and immature monocytes could also be observed, and the percentage of monocytes was increased. In addition, serum Ig G levels were increased, and immunofixation electrophoresis results showed Ig G-κ type M proteins. The diagnosis was CMML combined with Ig G monoclonal gammopathy. These diseases were stable and follow-up was conducted for 1 year after diagnosis. The cases in this study combined with those that were reviewed in the relevant literature indicate that the presence of these 2 diseases in the same patient might not be a coincidence. The development of the 2 diseases in case 1 was different, and we speculate that they might have had different clonal origins. Whether CMML is a risk factor for MGUS and the role of clonal plasma cells in the occurrence and development of MDS and MDS/MPN requires further studies on a larger number of cases.
