Inositol phosphates are essential for cell development and signaling in all living organisms. Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is the most abundant phosphoinositol in both plants and animals. While the concentration ...Inositol phosphates are essential for cell development and signaling in all living organisms. Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is the most abundant phosphoinositol in both plants and animals. While the concentration of inorganic phosphorous (Pi) is often limited in soil, some plants overcome this limitation by creating a phosphate reservoir that serves as a source of Pi during phosphate deficiency. Although this strategy benefits plant development and signaling under adverse environmental conditions, excessive accumulation of Pi in crop plants has raised serious concerns about its toxicity and ill effects on human health. Consumption of crop plants with high InsP6 content or food products made from these crops is found to reduce nutrient intake significantly by way of chelating essential metal cations in human and livestock fed by such plants. Therefore, it is necessary to determine InsP6 contents in crop plants. Several methods have been developed for the screening and detection of InsP6 in plants. These detection methods however, are complex, labor-intensive, and often provide inaccurate results. We have developed a fast, reliable, and cost-effective method for the detection and quantification of InsP6 in plants using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with potential applications in industry, quality control labs, and research projects.展开更多
The preparation of carbosilane dendrimers with cores of myo-inositol and the outmost periphery groups of allyl groups has been reported. By using alternate hydrosilylation and alkenylation reactions, the dendrimer ha...The preparation of carbosilane dendrimers with cores of myo-inositol and the outmost periphery groups of allyl groups has been reported. By using alternate hydrosilylation and alkenylation reactions, the dendrimer have been carried up to the third generation with 48 allyl groups on the periphery.展开更多
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes...Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes and rumination, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is activated. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can directly assess living biochemistry in localized brain regions. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use 1H-MRS as a means of analyzing brain metabolites in the PCC of a group of first-episode, unmedicated MDD patients. PCC metabolite levels were analyzed at 3-T in a single voxel located bilaterally over the PCC in 7 patients diagnosed for the first time with MDD and with no previous pharmacological treatment, as well as in 9 control subjects. Differences in metabolite levels between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Myo-inositol was significantly higher, and NAA + NAAG/Cr significantly lower, in MDD patients than in controls. The other brain metabolites showed no statistical differences. The present results suggest that alterations in PCC metabolite levels are likely involved in MDD pathophysiology, and may help to improve our understanding of MDD and the role of the PCC in some symptoms of depression.展开更多
A convenient synthetic approach leading to protected inositol was described based on regioselective O-alkylation using alkyl halide under solid-liquid PTC condition
Myo-inositol and its derivatives play important roles in the tolerance of higher plants to abiotic stresses, and myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase(MIPS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in myo-inositol biosynthesis. In thi...Myo-inositol and its derivatives play important roles in the tolerance of higher plants to abiotic stresses, and myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase(MIPS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in myo-inositol biosynthesis. In this study, we found that increased myo-inositol biosynthesis enhanced drought tolerance in MdMIPS1-overexpressing apple lines under shortterm progressive drought stress. The effect of myo-inositol appeared to be mediated by the increased accumulation of osmoprotectants such as glucose, sucrose, and proline, and by the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes that eliminate reactive oxygen species. Moreover, enhanced water-use efficiency(WUE) was observed in MdMIPS1-overexpressing apple lines under long-term moderate water deficit conditions that mimicked the water availability in the soil of the Loess Plateau. Enhanced WUE may have been associated with the synergistic regulation of osmotic balance and stomatal aperture mediated by increased myo-inositol biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings shed light on the positive effects of MdMIPS1-mediated myo-inositol biosynthesis on drought tolerance and WUE in apple.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inositol is a hexa-carbon polyol,a naturally soluble vitamin,often found in various foods.AIM To discuss the impact of different stereoisomers of inositol on insulin sensitivity of gestational diabetes mell...BACKGROUND Inositol is a hexa-carbon polyol,a naturally soluble vitamin,often found in various foods.AIM To discuss the impact of different stereoisomers of inositol on insulin sensitivity of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients.METHODS Eighty GDM pregnant women were divided into four groups according to their treatment received:A group(placebo folic acid 400μg/d),B group[myo-inositol(MI)1500 mg,twice a day],C group[D-chiro-inositol(DCI)250 mg,twice a day],and D group(inositol MI and inositol DCI 1500 mg/250 mg,twice a day).Each patient routinely used dietary guidance adjustments and did some safe and effective aerobic exercise in addition to receiving placebo or inositol from GDM diagnosis to delivery.Triglyceride,total cholesterol,fasting plasma glucose,oral glucose tolerance test postprandial glucose(2 h postprandial blood glucose),fasting insulin,fasting plasma glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin sensitivity index(HOMA-ISI)scores were determined before treatment and 8 wk after treatment onset.Adverse maternal and infant outcomes,including hypoglycemia,excessive amniotic fluid,premature infants,macrosomia,fetal distress etc.,were also recorded.RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the baseline data of each group.The levels of 2 h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,fasting insulin,total cholesterol,and triglyceride in the B,C,and D groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(A group)after treatment(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the B group,the level of the above indexes in the C and D groups decreased more significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The HOMA-IR of B,C,and D groups decreased significantly,and the HOMA-ISI increased significantly compared with the A group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),among which the decrease of HOMA-IR and the increase of HOMA-ISI were more significant in the C and D group compared with the B group(P<0.05).The occurrence rate of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the C and D group was significantly lower than that in the control group(A group),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Treatment with different inositol stereoisomers(inositol MI and inositol DCI)can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance in diabetic patients,and inositol DCI has a better curative effect than inositol MI.展开更多
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging features of the cerebellar vermis in 17 medulloblastoma patients were retrospectively analyzed, and 17 healthy volunteers were selected as controls. 1H...1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging features of the cerebellar vermis in 17 medulloblastoma patients were retrospectively analyzed, and 17 healthy volunteers were selected as controls. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that in all 17 medulloblastoma patients, N-acetyl aspartate and creatine peaks were significantly decreased, the choline peak was significantly increased, and there was evidence of a myo-inositol peak. Further, 11 patients showed a low taurine peak at 3.4 ppm, five patients showed a lipid peak at 0.9-1.3 ppm, and three patients showed a negative lactic acid peak at 1.33 ppm. Compared with the control group, the ratios of N-acetyl aspartate/choline and N-acetyl aspartate/creatine were significantly decreased, and the ratio of choline/creatine was increased, in medulloblastoma patients. Diffusion weighted imaging displayed hyperintensity and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient in medulloblastoma patients. These findings indicate that 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging are useful for qualitative diagnosis of medulloblastoma.展开更多
In the course to find a stimulating compound for melanin biosynthesis, which should be useful for a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract from mushro...In the course to find a stimulating compound for melanin biosynthesis, which should be useful for a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract from mushroom of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells without theophylline. Activity-guided fractionation led to isolate myo-inositol (3) and D-mannitol (4) as the stimulating compounds on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Also, ergosterol (1), uracil (2), and D-glucose (5) have been isolated from the methanol extract of P. citrinopileatus and showed no effect on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. These results indicated that myo-inositol (3) and D-mannitol (4) are potential candidates that could be useful such as a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent.展开更多
Seawater(SW)-acclimated Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,reared under a salinity 30 environment had lower growth and survival than the freshwater(FW)-acclimated fish.It was hypothesized that cells of the SW-acclimat...Seawater(SW)-acclimated Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,reared under a salinity 30 environment had lower growth and survival than the freshwater(FW)-acclimated fish.It was hypothesized that cells of the SW-acclimated fish had not been able to synthesize an adequate level of a compatible osmolyte,myo-inositol(MI),in adjusting to the salinity 30 environment.In this study,MI supplements,at 250,500,and 750 mg/kg pellets,were provided to the fish through top-dressing.After the 30-day feeding trial,the following parameters were determined:final body weights;survival;biomass increase;feed conversion ratio(FCR);plasma osmolality and ions;and two transcripts in the gills mips250 and mipa1 encoding enzymes responsible for MI biosynthesis.The SW-acclimated O.niloticus receiving 500-mg MI supplement had significantly higher survival,biomass increase,and lower FCR than those of the SW-acclimated fish receiving no supplement.At 500-mg MI supplemental level,the increasing values of plasma osmolality and Na+observed in SW-acclimated fish were significantly attenuated.The transcript mipa1,but not mips250,was markedly up-regulated in the SW-acclimated O.niloticus,compared with that of the FW-acclimated fish.Again,MI at 500-mg supplement attenuated the up-regulation significantly.This study suggests that MI supplement at the optimum level enhanced the performance of SW-acclimated O.niloticus,and through yet unknown mechanisms,attenuated some of their physiological responses to the osmotic stress.展开更多
myo-lnositol-l-phosphate synthase （MIPS） catalyzes the limiting step of inositol biosynthesis and has crucial roles in plant growth and development. In response to stress, the transcription of MIPS1 is induced and t...myo-lnositol-l-phosphate synthase （MIPS） catalyzes the limiting step of inositol biosynthesis and has crucial roles in plant growth and development. In response to stress, the transcription of MIPS1 is induced and the biosynthesis of inositol or inositol derivatives is promoted by unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that the light signaling protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 （FHY3） and its homolog FAR- RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 （FAR1） regulate light-induced inositol biosynthesis and oxidative stress re- sponses by activating the transcription of MIPS1. Disruption of FHY3 and FAR1 caused light-induced cell death after dark-light transition, precocious leaf senescence, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Reduction of salicylic acid （SA） accumulation by overexpression of SALICYLIC ACID 3-HYDROXYLASE largely suppressed the cell death phenotype of fhy3 far1 mutant plants, suggesting that FHY3- and FARl-mediated cell death is dependent on SA. Furthermore, comparative analysis of chromatin immuno- precipitation sequencing and microarray results revealed that FHY3 and FAR1 directly target both MIPS1 and MIPS2. The fhy3 far1 mutant plants showed severely decreased MIPS1/2 transcript levels and reduced inositol levels. Conversely, constitutive expression of MIPSl partially rescued the inositol contents, caused reduced transcript levels of SA-biosynthesis genes, and prevented oxidative stress in fhy3 far1. Taken together, our results indicate that the light signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 directly bind the promoter of MIPS1 to activate its expression and thereby promote inositol biosynthesis to prevent light-induced oxidative stress and SA-dependent cell death.展开更多
A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated...A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated to have varying concentrations of available phosphorus(P). The trial was designed as a2×2×3 factorial; with and without phytase superdosing(0 or 1,500 FTU/kg), MYO(0 or 3 g/kg), and dietary P(low, moderate or high). At 21 d, dietary phytase and MYO had no consistent benefit on bone mineralization variables. Bone ash reduced by 4.7% from the medium to low P diet(P < 0.01),with no effect of phytase supplementation. Superdosing improved bone P content by 6% in birds fed the low P diet, signifying an interaction between dietary P concentrations and phytase(P < 0.05). Dietary MYO addition resulted in a numerical reduction in bone ash and a significant reduction in bone strength(P < 0.05). At 42 d, the beneficial effect of phytase superdosing on feed intake and body weight gain was evident in the low P diet. Superdosing reduced feed conversion rate(FCR) at all P levels(P < 0.05),although this effect was more pronounced on the low P diet, suggesting that sufficient P being released from the phytase itself to re-phosphorylate MYO and hence improve FCR. The significant improvement in FCR was greater with superdosing than with MYO alone, and the combination led to no further improvement in FCR compared with superdosing alone, signifying a phytase and MYO interaction(P < 0.05). From these results, it can be estimated that MYO is providing around 30% to 35% of the total response to superdosing.展开更多
A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hyp...A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hypertonic stress(20 practical salinity units[psu]).6 diets containing either normal carbohydrate(NC,30%)or high carbohydrate(HC,45%)levels,with 3 levels(0,400 and 1,200 mg/kg diet)of MI,respectively,were fed to 540 fish under 20 psu for 8 weeks.Dietary MI supplementation significantly improved growth performance and crude protein content of whole fish,and decreased the content of crude lipid of whole fish(P<0.05).Curled,disordered gill lamella and cracked gill filament cartilage were observed in the gill of fish fed diets without MI supplementation.The ion transport capacity in gill was significantly improved in the 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation groups compared with the 0 mg/kg MI groups(P<0.05).Moreover,the contents of Na^(+),K^(+),Cl^(-)in serum weremarkedly reduced with the dietary MI supplementation(P<0.05).The fish fed 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI content in the gills and the lowest MI content in the serum(P<0.05).Additionally,the fish fed with 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI synthesis capacity in gills and brain(P<0.05).Dietary MI markedly promoted the ability of carbohydrate metabolism in liver(P<0.05).Moreover,fish in the 1,200 mg/kg MI groups had the highest antioxidant capacity(P<0.05).This study indicated that high dietary carbohydrate would intensify stress,and impair the ability of osmoregulation in tilapia under a long-term hypersaline exposure.The supplementation of MI at 1,200 mg/kg in the high carbohydrate diet could promote carbohydrate utilization and improve the osmoregulation capacity of tilapia under long-term hypertonic stress.展开更多
Using Arsenazo Ⅲ as a myoplasmic calcium indicator, we have studied the calcium transients evoked by voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses in frog twitch muscle fibres which had been temporarily depolarized by 80 mmol/LK...Using Arsenazo Ⅲ as a myoplasmic calcium indicator, we have studied the calcium transients evoked by voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses in frog twitch muscle fibres which had been temporarily depolarized by 80 mmol/LK^+ in the absence or presence of myoplasmic Li^+. After the high K^+ exposure, for either a short (15 rain) or long(1 h) time, the post-K^+ calcium transients could gradually be restored to the level of the pre-K^+ ones, if the fibres were not loaded with Li^+.In contrast, the post-K^+ calcium transients of Li^+-loaded fibres could not fully recover,and were depressed in a Li^+ concentration-dependent manner.The mean amplitude of the post-K^+ responses recorded more than 3.5 h after 15 min high K^+ exposure was reduced to 56% of pre-K^+ control in the fibres which had been loaded with Li^+ in 20 mmol/L Li^+ Ringer's solution.This depression could be prevented or partially reversed by exogenous myo-inositol.More depression could be induced by 1 h high K^+ exposure, but the presence of exogenous myo-inositol could not clearly prevent the post-K^+ calcium transients from reduction.Assuming that high K^+ exposure caused a depletion of myo-inositol and probably other changes in the metabolism of inositol phospholipids in Li^+ loaded fibres,we conclude that some metabolites of phosphoinositides may play modulation roles in excitation-contraction coupling in frog twitch muscle fibres.展开更多
A new synthetic approach to 1,4,6-tri-O-benzyl myo-inositol was described on the basis of the regioselective benzylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, subsequent acid hydrolysis, phosphorylatio...A new synthetic approach to 1,4,6-tri-O-benzyl myo-inositol was described on the basis of the regioselective benzylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, subsequent acid hydrolysis, phosphorylation with tetrabenazylpyrophosphate and appropriate deprotec-tion.展开更多
文摘Inositol phosphates are essential for cell development and signaling in all living organisms. Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is the most abundant phosphoinositol in both plants and animals. While the concentration of inorganic phosphorous (Pi) is often limited in soil, some plants overcome this limitation by creating a phosphate reservoir that serves as a source of Pi during phosphate deficiency. Although this strategy benefits plant development and signaling under adverse environmental conditions, excessive accumulation of Pi in crop plants has raised serious concerns about its toxicity and ill effects on human health. Consumption of crop plants with high InsP6 content or food products made from these crops is found to reduce nutrient intake significantly by way of chelating essential metal cations in human and livestock fed by such plants. Therefore, it is necessary to determine InsP6 contents in crop plants. Several methods have been developed for the screening and detection of InsP6 in plants. These detection methods however, are complex, labor-intensive, and often provide inaccurate results. We have developed a fast, reliable, and cost-effective method for the detection and quantification of InsP6 in plants using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with potential applications in industry, quality control labs, and research projects.
基金We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(No.29874020).
文摘The preparation of carbosilane dendrimers with cores of myo-inositol and the outmost periphery groups of allyl groups has been reported. By using alternate hydrosilylation and alkenylation reactions, the dendrimer have been carried up to the third generation with 48 allyl groups on the periphery.
基金Lily M.Granados-Dominguez received a grant from CONACYT for graduate studies.
文摘Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes and rumination, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is activated. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can directly assess living biochemistry in localized brain regions. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use 1H-MRS as a means of analyzing brain metabolites in the PCC of a group of first-episode, unmedicated MDD patients. PCC metabolite levels were analyzed at 3-T in a single voxel located bilaterally over the PCC in 7 patients diagnosed for the first time with MDD and with no previous pharmacological treatment, as well as in 9 control subjects. Differences in metabolite levels between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Myo-inositol was significantly higher, and NAA + NAAG/Cr significantly lower, in MDD patients than in controls. The other brain metabolites showed no statistical differences. The present results suggest that alterations in PCC metabolite levels are likely involved in MDD pathophysiology, and may help to improve our understanding of MDD and the role of the PCC in some symptoms of depression.
文摘A convenient synthetic approach leading to protected inositol was described based on regioselective O-alkylation using alkyl halide under solid-liquid PTC condition
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000303)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-27)。
文摘Myo-inositol and its derivatives play important roles in the tolerance of higher plants to abiotic stresses, and myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase(MIPS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in myo-inositol biosynthesis. In this study, we found that increased myo-inositol biosynthesis enhanced drought tolerance in MdMIPS1-overexpressing apple lines under shortterm progressive drought stress. The effect of myo-inositol appeared to be mediated by the increased accumulation of osmoprotectants such as glucose, sucrose, and proline, and by the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes that eliminate reactive oxygen species. Moreover, enhanced water-use efficiency(WUE) was observed in MdMIPS1-overexpressing apple lines under long-term moderate water deficit conditions that mimicked the water availability in the soil of the Loess Plateau. Enhanced WUE may have been associated with the synergistic regulation of osmotic balance and stomatal aperture mediated by increased myo-inositol biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings shed light on the positive effects of MdMIPS1-mediated myo-inositol biosynthesis on drought tolerance and WUE in apple.
文摘BACKGROUND Inositol is a hexa-carbon polyol,a naturally soluble vitamin,often found in various foods.AIM To discuss the impact of different stereoisomers of inositol on insulin sensitivity of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients.METHODS Eighty GDM pregnant women were divided into four groups according to their treatment received:A group(placebo folic acid 400μg/d),B group[myo-inositol(MI)1500 mg,twice a day],C group[D-chiro-inositol(DCI)250 mg,twice a day],and D group(inositol MI and inositol DCI 1500 mg/250 mg,twice a day).Each patient routinely used dietary guidance adjustments and did some safe and effective aerobic exercise in addition to receiving placebo or inositol from GDM diagnosis to delivery.Triglyceride,total cholesterol,fasting plasma glucose,oral glucose tolerance test postprandial glucose(2 h postprandial blood glucose),fasting insulin,fasting plasma glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin sensitivity index(HOMA-ISI)scores were determined before treatment and 8 wk after treatment onset.Adverse maternal and infant outcomes,including hypoglycemia,excessive amniotic fluid,premature infants,macrosomia,fetal distress etc.,were also recorded.RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the baseline data of each group.The levels of 2 h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,fasting insulin,total cholesterol,and triglyceride in the B,C,and D groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(A group)after treatment(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the B group,the level of the above indexes in the C and D groups decreased more significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The HOMA-IR of B,C,and D groups decreased significantly,and the HOMA-ISI increased significantly compared with the A group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),among which the decrease of HOMA-IR and the increase of HOMA-ISI were more significant in the C and D group compared with the B group(P<0.05).The occurrence rate of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the C and D group was significantly lower than that in the control group(A group),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Treatment with different inositol stereoisomers(inositol MI and inositol DCI)can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance in diabetic patients,and inositol DCI has a better curative effect than inositol MI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81171315the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities, No. 303275894the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, No.2009CDA071
文摘1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging features of the cerebellar vermis in 17 medulloblastoma patients were retrospectively analyzed, and 17 healthy volunteers were selected as controls. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that in all 17 medulloblastoma patients, N-acetyl aspartate and creatine peaks were significantly decreased, the choline peak was significantly increased, and there was evidence of a myo-inositol peak. Further, 11 patients showed a low taurine peak at 3.4 ppm, five patients showed a lipid peak at 0.9-1.3 ppm, and three patients showed a negative lactic acid peak at 1.33 ppm. Compared with the control group, the ratios of N-acetyl aspartate/choline and N-acetyl aspartate/creatine were significantly decreased, and the ratio of choline/creatine was increased, in medulloblastoma patients. Diffusion weighted imaging displayed hyperintensity and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient in medulloblastoma patients. These findings indicate that 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging are useful for qualitative diagnosis of medulloblastoma.
文摘In the course to find a stimulating compound for melanin biosynthesis, which should be useful for a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract from mushroom of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells without theophylline. Activity-guided fractionation led to isolate myo-inositol (3) and D-mannitol (4) as the stimulating compounds on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Also, ergosterol (1), uracil (2), and D-glucose (5) have been isolated from the methanol extract of P. citrinopileatus and showed no effect on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. These results indicated that myo-inositol (3) and D-mannitol (4) are potential candidates that could be useful such as a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent.
文摘Seawater(SW)-acclimated Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,reared under a salinity 30 environment had lower growth and survival than the freshwater(FW)-acclimated fish.It was hypothesized that cells of the SW-acclimated fish had not been able to synthesize an adequate level of a compatible osmolyte,myo-inositol(MI),in adjusting to the salinity 30 environment.In this study,MI supplements,at 250,500,and 750 mg/kg pellets,were provided to the fish through top-dressing.After the 30-day feeding trial,the following parameters were determined:final body weights;survival;biomass increase;feed conversion ratio(FCR);plasma osmolality and ions;and two transcripts in the gills mips250 and mipa1 encoding enzymes responsible for MI biosynthesis.The SW-acclimated O.niloticus receiving 500-mg MI supplement had significantly higher survival,biomass increase,and lower FCR than those of the SW-acclimated fish receiving no supplement.At 500-mg MI supplemental level,the increasing values of plasma osmolality and Na+observed in SW-acclimated fish were significantly attenuated.The transcript mipa1,but not mips250,was markedly up-regulated in the SW-acclimated O.niloticus,compared with that of the FW-acclimated fish.Again,MI at 500-mg supplement attenuated the up-regulation significantly.This study suggests that MI supplement at the optimum level enhanced the performance of SW-acclimated O.niloticus,and through yet unknown mechanisms,attenuated some of their physiological responses to the osmotic stress.
文摘myo-lnositol-l-phosphate synthase （MIPS） catalyzes the limiting step of inositol biosynthesis and has crucial roles in plant growth and development. In response to stress, the transcription of MIPS1 is induced and the biosynthesis of inositol or inositol derivatives is promoted by unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that the light signaling protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 （FHY3） and its homolog FAR- RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 （FAR1） regulate light-induced inositol biosynthesis and oxidative stress re- sponses by activating the transcription of MIPS1. Disruption of FHY3 and FAR1 caused light-induced cell death after dark-light transition, precocious leaf senescence, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Reduction of salicylic acid （SA） accumulation by overexpression of SALICYLIC ACID 3-HYDROXYLASE largely suppressed the cell death phenotype of fhy3 far1 mutant plants, suggesting that FHY3- and FARl-mediated cell death is dependent on SA. Furthermore, comparative analysis of chromatin immuno- precipitation sequencing and microarray results revealed that FHY3 and FAR1 directly target both MIPS1 and MIPS2. The fhy3 far1 mutant plants showed severely decreased MIPS1/2 transcript levels and reduced inositol levels. Conversely, constitutive expression of MIPSl partially rescued the inositol contents, caused reduced transcript levels of SA-biosynthesis genes, and prevented oxidative stress in fhy3 far1. Taken together, our results indicate that the light signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 directly bind the promoter of MIPS1 to activate its expression and thereby promote inositol biosynthesis to prevent light-induced oxidative stress and SA-dependent cell death.
文摘A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated to have varying concentrations of available phosphorus(P). The trial was designed as a2×2×3 factorial; with and without phytase superdosing(0 or 1,500 FTU/kg), MYO(0 or 3 g/kg), and dietary P(low, moderate or high). At 21 d, dietary phytase and MYO had no consistent benefit on bone mineralization variables. Bone ash reduced by 4.7% from the medium to low P diet(P < 0.01),with no effect of phytase supplementation. Superdosing improved bone P content by 6% in birds fed the low P diet, signifying an interaction between dietary P concentrations and phytase(P < 0.05). Dietary MYO addition resulted in a numerical reduction in bone ash and a significant reduction in bone strength(P < 0.05). At 42 d, the beneficial effect of phytase superdosing on feed intake and body weight gain was evident in the low P diet. Superdosing reduced feed conversion rate(FCR) at all P levels(P < 0.05),although this effect was more pronounced on the low P diet, suggesting that sufficient P being released from the phytase itself to re-phosphorylate MYO and hence improve FCR. The significant improvement in FCR was greater with superdosing than with MYO alone, and the combination led to no further improvement in FCR compared with superdosing alone, signifying a phytase and MYO interaction(P < 0.05). From these results, it can be estimated that MYO is providing around 30% to 35% of the total response to superdosing.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172946)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630418)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ECNU and China Agriculture Research System-46(CARS-46).
文摘A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hypertonic stress(20 practical salinity units[psu]).6 diets containing either normal carbohydrate(NC,30%)or high carbohydrate(HC,45%)levels,with 3 levels(0,400 and 1,200 mg/kg diet)of MI,respectively,were fed to 540 fish under 20 psu for 8 weeks.Dietary MI supplementation significantly improved growth performance and crude protein content of whole fish,and decreased the content of crude lipid of whole fish(P<0.05).Curled,disordered gill lamella and cracked gill filament cartilage were observed in the gill of fish fed diets without MI supplementation.The ion transport capacity in gill was significantly improved in the 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation groups compared with the 0 mg/kg MI groups(P<0.05).Moreover,the contents of Na^(+),K^(+),Cl^(-)in serum weremarkedly reduced with the dietary MI supplementation(P<0.05).The fish fed 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI content in the gills and the lowest MI content in the serum(P<0.05).Additionally,the fish fed with 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI synthesis capacity in gills and brain(P<0.05).Dietary MI markedly promoted the ability of carbohydrate metabolism in liver(P<0.05).Moreover,fish in the 1,200 mg/kg MI groups had the highest antioxidant capacity(P<0.05).This study indicated that high dietary carbohydrate would intensify stress,and impair the ability of osmoregulation in tilapia under a long-term hypersaline exposure.The supplementation of MI at 1,200 mg/kg in the high carbohydrate diet could promote carbohydrate utilization and improve the osmoregulation capacity of tilapia under long-term hypertonic stress.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Using Arsenazo Ⅲ as a myoplasmic calcium indicator, we have studied the calcium transients evoked by voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses in frog twitch muscle fibres which had been temporarily depolarized by 80 mmol/LK^+ in the absence or presence of myoplasmic Li^+. After the high K^+ exposure, for either a short (15 rain) or long(1 h) time, the post-K^+ calcium transients could gradually be restored to the level of the pre-K^+ ones, if the fibres were not loaded with Li^+.In contrast, the post-K^+ calcium transients of Li^+-loaded fibres could not fully recover,and were depressed in a Li^+ concentration-dependent manner.The mean amplitude of the post-K^+ responses recorded more than 3.5 h after 15 min high K^+ exposure was reduced to 56% of pre-K^+ control in the fibres which had been loaded with Li^+ in 20 mmol/L Li^+ Ringer's solution.This depression could be prevented or partially reversed by exogenous myo-inositol.More depression could be induced by 1 h high K^+ exposure, but the presence of exogenous myo-inositol could not clearly prevent the post-K^+ calcium transients from reduction.Assuming that high K^+ exposure caused a depletion of myo-inositol and probably other changes in the metabolism of inositol phospholipids in Li^+ loaded fibres,we conclude that some metabolites of phosphoinositides may play modulation roles in excitation-contraction coupling in frog twitch muscle fibres.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘A new synthetic approach to 1,4,6-tri-O-benzyl myo-inositol was described on the basis of the regioselective benzylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, subsequent acid hydrolysis, phosphorylation with tetrabenazylpyrophosphate and appropriate deprotec-tion.
