Percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction in a patient with dextrocardia

Situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly.There are limited published case reports of successful percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in these patients who have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease,especially when presenting with acute myocardial infarction.PCI is technically difficult be-cause of mirror image dextrocardia.We hereby de-scribe a 48-yr-old female,who had acute inferior wall myocardial infarction and underwent successful emer-gency primary coronary angioplasty and stenting of a proximally occluded right coronary artery.Technical details about PCI are discussed.

Surgical Management for a Broken Delivery Shaft in <i>Vivo</i>during PCI Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Complex LAD Artery Lesion: A Case Report and Literature Review

Stuck up and fracture of coronary angioplasty hardware are unwonted complications of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for which surgical retrieval and management is once in a while required. We present one case of a 59-year-old diabetic, a hypertensive gentleman who attended the emergency room (ER) with central chest pain for 2 hours. After evaluation of the patient by physical and noninvasive diagnostic tests, he was diagnosed as a case of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with stable hemodynamic. For the aforementioned findings, the patient was treated first with a thrombolytic agent in ER and then shifted to Cardiology Department for monitoring and further coronary evaluation by coronary angiography (CAG). CAG revealed essentially single vessel disease (SVD) with complex left anterior descending (LAD) artery lesion, so PCI was attempted but failed with an unfortunate incidence of the broken delivery shaft and left in vivo. Immediate decision making and surgical management for retrieval of lost angioplasty device and correction coronary lesion with revascularization save the patient from grave complication. All the series of events and management approaches of this very complex coronary artery lesion are discussed in this article.

Comparison of interventional and conservative treatment on in-hospital outcomes in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objectives To compare the in-hospital outcomes of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)treated by interventional or conservative protocols. Patients and Methods One handred and seventy-six consecutive patients hospitalized for AMI were involved, including 95 patients underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 24 h after the onset of AMI and 81 patients received conservative non-invasive therapies.Clinical characteristics and in-hospital cardiac events of these two divisions were analyzed. Results In the PCI group, success rate of procedure and lesions was 98.9% and 98.5%, respectively. Procedure related complication were occurred in 6 cases(6.3%) and no patient died during operative procedures. PCI group had a lower in-hospital mortality (11.6% vs 24.7%, P＜0.05) and overall cardiac events rate (2A.2%vs56.8%, P＜0.01) compared with conservative group. Patients complicated by pump failure at admission in PCI group had a lower mortality compared with their counterpart in conservative group(27.3% vs 60.9%, P＜0.05). The average hospital duration between the two groups was no significant differences. The coronary care unit (CCU) duration of the PCI group was less than that of conservative group (4±5d vs 8±5d, P＜0.05). Conclusions In elderly patients with AMI, interventional treatment can significantly decrease the in-hospital mortality and cardiac events rate compared with conservative treatment, thus gains a better short-term outcome.

Direct Coronary Intervention Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective To introduce the initial experience of direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) and intracoronary stenting in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) from October 1998 to November 2001 in our hospital. Methods Primary PTCA was performed in 38 patients with acute myocardial infarction.29 cases were 20 male and 9 female, ranging in age from 30 to 76 old years.23 cases had anterior and 15 had inferior wall infarction. The patients we chose for direct coronary intervention therapy had stable hemodynamics. Of the 38 infarct related arteries (IRA), 23 were left anterior descend arteries (LAD), 4 left circumflex (LCX) and 11 right coronary arteries (RCA). 33 IRA were TIMI 0 flow and 5 TIMI 1 flow. The indications for coronary stent implantation were: ① Acute reocclusion and high risk of reocclusion due to initial dissection after PTCA; ② Severe residual stenosis (stenosis of diameter≥50%) after repeated balloon dilation; ③ No response to recurrent infusions of Nitroglycerin in Obviously elastic recoil. Results Of the 38 patients with AMI, PTCA was successful in 35 Two patients were given up because 014 guide wire entered into false lumen. One was selected for emergency coronary artery bypass graft because of LAD infarct related artery accompanied by 70%stenosis of left main. 35 intracoronary stents were implanted.16 patients were followed up, of whom 2 patients had restenosis and were successful in the second attempt. Conclusion Direct PTCA and stent implantation are effective and safe means of treatment for AMI and stent implantation can prevent and cure the acute reocclusion after PTCA.

Absence of gender disparity in short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing irolimus-eluting stent based primary coronary intervention： a report from Shanghai Acute Coronary Event （SACE） Registry

Background Randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated the superiority of sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） implantation during primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, as opposed to bare-metal stents, in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that clinical benefits of SES treatment were independent of gender in this setting.Methods A total of 2042 patients with STEMI undergoing SES-based primary PCI were prospectively enrolled into Shanghai Acute Coronary Event （SACE） registry （1574 men and 468 women）. Baseline demographics, angiographic and PCI features, and in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were analyzed as a function of gender. Results Compared with men, women were older and more frequently had hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Use of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor （GPI, 65.5% vs. 62.2%, P=0.10） and procedural success rate （95.0% vs. 94.2%, P=0.52） were similar in both genders. In-hospital death and MACE occurred in 3.8% and 7.6%, and 4.5% and 8.1% in the male and female patients, respectively （all P 〉0.05）. At 30-day follow-up, survival （94.3% vs. 93.8%, P=0.66） and MACE-free survival （90.2% vs. 89.3%, P=0.52） did not significantly differ between men and women. After adjustment for differences in patient demographics, angiographic and proceduralfeatures, there were no significant difference in either in-hospital （OR=0.77, 95%C/ of 0.48 to 1.22, P=0.30） or 30-day mortality （OR=1.28, 95%C/ of 0.73 to 2.23, P=0.38） between women and men.Conclusion Despite more advanced age and clustering of risk factors in women, female patients with STEMI treated by SES-based primary PCI had similar in-hospital and short-term clinical outcomes as their male counterparts.

Impact of angina prior to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction on short-term outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention： results from the Shanghai Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome （SRACE）

Background The clinical significance of ischemic chest pain before acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） remains an interesting issue of investigation particularly in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This study aimed to assess the impact of angina prior to STEMI on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Methods Among a total of 875 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, 292 had episodes of angina within 24 hours of STEMI （PA group） and the remaining 583 were free of anginal symptoms （non-PA group）. Clinical characteristics, angiographic and procedural features, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results Diabetes was less common （17.5% vs. 23.3%, P=-0.04） and symptom-to-door time was shortened （（191.6_＋96.8） minutes vs. （357.2_＋341.9） minutes, P 〈0.001） in the PA group than in the non-PA group. Patients with angina prior to STEMI had fewer totally or nearly totally occluded infarct-related artery （TIMI flow grade 0-1） at initial angiography （75.0% vs. 90.7%, P 〈0.001）, and achieved more TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI （84.2% vs. 78.2%, P=0.04）. These were associated with higher rates of overall procedural success （95.9% vs. 91.8%, P=0.02） and of complete ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes after the procedure （51.7% vs. 40.3%, P=0.001）. During a 30-day clinical follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved （（53.0±8.6）% vs. （51.1±9.7）%, P=-0.002） and the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac events was reduced in the PA group （7.2% vs. 12.7%, P=0.01）. Conclusion Presence of angina prior to acute STEMI is associated with better outcome at a 30-day clinical follow-up in patients undergoing primary PCI.

Effects of bivalirudin on acute myocardial infarction in patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention

Background It.s an effective treatment to implement percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction patients,which rapidly achieve coronary reperfusion. However,many patients with no-reflow,leading to cardiovascular events,even sudden death. Bivalirudin has been used in anticoagulant therapy in PCI,which was characterized by rapid onset,strong anticoagulant effect and good safety. The HORIZONS-AMI study showed that bivalirudin reduced the risk of bleeding and death after PCI compared with heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists. However,bivalirudin increased the risk of acute stent rethrombosis compared to unfractionated heparin and glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa antagonists. Therefore,the use of bivalirudin in emergency PCI was worth exploring. EUROMAX trial prompted that the patients who underwent emergency PCI and received intravenous use of bivalirudin during transit,might reduce the risk of bleeding. But there were few studies about bivalirudin on the effects of coronary reperfusion. This study was designed to investigate the effects of bivalirudin on coronary blood flow in patients with AMI and the safety of the drug. Methods All 120 AMI patients were divided into treatment group(n=60)and control group(n=60)according to random number method 1:1. In the treatment group,after coronary angiography and before PCI,the intravenous injection of bivalirudin(0.75mg/kg)was proportional,and then the intravenous maintenance was continued(1.75 mg·kg-1·h-1)for 5 h. In the control group,after coronary angiography and before PCI,intravenous injection of tirofiban(10 μg/kg)and unfractionated heparin(100 U/kg),followed by continuous intravenous injection of tirofiban(0.75 μg·kg-1·min-1)for 24 h. The TIMI blood flow classification,corrected TIMI frame number,TIMI myocardial perfusion grade(TMPG),Cardiac ultrasound parameters,serum NT-ProBNP and hs-CRP were recorded in the two groups before and after PCI. Major cardiovascular events(MACE),bleeding event,etc. were recorded. Results The ratio of coronary blood flow TIMI3 and TMPG3 after coronary intervention were significantly higher in treatment group than in control group(P<0.05);TIMI frame number showed that the coronary blood flow of treatment group was significantly faster than the control group(P<0.05). The LVEF value of the treatment group was higher than the control group after 30 d(P<0.05). Postoperative serum NT-ProBNP and hs-CRP in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to tirofiban with heparin,using bivalirudin during acute PCI in AMI patients significantly improved coronary blood flow,reduced inflammatory response,reduced the incidence of MACE and bleeding,and improved the short-term prognosis.

Preliminary experience with drug-coated balloon angioplasty in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

We evaluated the clinical feasibility of using drugcoated balloon(DCB) angioplasty in patients undergoingprimary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI). Between January 2010 to September 2014,89 STelevation myocardial infarction patients(83% male,mean age 59 ± 14 years) with a total of 89 coronary lesions were treated with DCB during PPCI. Clinical outcomes are reported at 30 d follow-up. Left anterior descending artery was the most common target vessel for PCI(37%). Twenty-eight percent of the patients had underlying diabetes mellitus. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 44% ± 11%. DCB-only PCI was the predominant approach(96%) with the remaining 4% of patients receiving bail-out stenting. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction(TIMI) 3 flow was successfully restored in 98% of patients. An average of 1.2 ± 0.5 DCB were used per patient,with mean DCB diameter of 2.6 ± 0.5 mm and average length of 23.2 ± 10.2 mm. At 30-d follow-up,there were 4 deaths(4.5%). No patients experienced abrupt closure of the infarctrelated artery and there was no reported target-lesion failure. Our preliminary experience showed that DCB angioplasty in PPCI was feasible and associated with a high rate of TIMI 3 flow and low 30-d ischaemic event.

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死心肺复苏后紧急溶栓序贯即刻冠状动脉介入治疗

目的:ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-Elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者溶栓后即刻PCI治疗一直是该领域研究焦点并存在争议,研究旨在优化急性STEMI患者再灌注治疗策略。方法:因急性STEMI心脏骤停2例患者,经心肺复苏自主循环恢复后,行紧急溶栓治疗并序贯即刻PCI救治过程。结果:2例患者溶栓后梗死相关血管TIMI血流均达到II级,即刻序贯PCI进一步取得稳定而确切再灌注疗效。结论:急性STEMI心肺复苏成功后紧急溶栓序贯即刻PCI治疗安全有效,并未增加出血风险。

心电图ST-T变化与急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术预后的关系

【目的】探讨心电图ST-T变化与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)预后的关系。【方法】对本院行急诊PCI治疗的244例AMI患者随访6个月,根据预后结局分为预后不良组和预后良好组,心电监护记录患者术前心电图ST-T抬高及术后1 h、24 h心电图ST-T回落程度。分析影响预后的危险因素。评估术前及术后心电图ST-T回落程度对PCI手术预后的预测价值。【结果】244例患者中预后不良28例,预后不良组发病至介入治疗时间、术后1个月左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)水平均高于预后良好组(P<0.05);预后不良组术后1个月左室射血分数(LVEF)、术前至术后1 h及术前至术后24 h心电图ST-T段回落程度均低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,发病至介入治疗时长延长、术后1个月LVDd水平升高、术后1个月LVEF水平降低、术前至术后1 h及24 h心电图ST-T段回落程度低均是AMI患者PCI术后预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,心电图术前至术后1 h及24 h ST-T段回落程度对PCI术后预后不良预测的曲线下面积分别为0.721和0.718。【结论】心电图ST-T演变与AMI患者PCI术后预后的结局密切相关,且心电图ST-T回落程度可用于辅助预测患者的预后。

尼可地尔对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后临床效果的影响

目的观察冠状动脉联合外周静脉应用尼可地尔对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PPCI)治疗术后心肌微循环及短期预后的影响。方法 100例接受PPCI治疗的急性STEMI患者,根据不同给药方式分为尼可地尔组和对照组,每组各50例。尼可地尔组于PPCI术中开通靶血管即刻予冠状动脉注射尼可地尔并静脉持续泵入24 h,对照组于PPCI术中予冠脉注射生理盐水并静脉持续泵入24 h。主要观察指标为PPCI术后即刻冠脉血流及心肌血流灌注情况,包括介入术后TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI帧计数(CTFC)、再灌注心律失常、ST段回落、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)达峰时间及峰值,次要观察指标为住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果 2组内手术前后肝肾功能、心率、血压变化差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与对照组相比,PPCI术后尼可地尔组再灌注心律失常发生比例、慢血流/无复流比例、住院期间MACE比例、CTFC、CK-MB峰值降低;TIMI 3级血流患者比例、CK-MB达峰时间提前至14 h内的比例、ST段回落的比例均明显增加(均P<0.05)。2组患者住院期间LVEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论冠脉联合外周静脉应用尼可地尔有助于实现STEMI患者PPCI术后梗死血管的血运重建,减少慢血流/无复流的发生,限制梗死面积,增加心肌血流灌注,改善心肌微循环和短期预后。

心脉隆注射液对急性心肌梗死介入术后心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的观察心脉隆注射液对急性心肌梗死急诊介入术后心力衰竭患者心功能恢复情况和预后的影响。方法将30例急性心肌梗死接受急诊介入治疗后出现心力衰竭的患者随机分为常规治疗组和心脉隆组,常规治疗组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、利尿剂、β-受体阻滞剂等常规治疗,心脉隆组在常规治疗基础上加用心脉隆注射液6 ml静脉滴注,治疗14 d。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后14 d血浆肌钙蛋白I、超敏C-反应蛋白和N末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)水平的变化,观察两组患者术后6 h及治疗1个月后室壁运动积分、左室射血分数(LVEF)和治疗后1个月的6 min步行距离的变化。结果两组治疗前血浆肌钙蛋白I、超敏C-反应蛋白、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后14 d心脉隆组血浆肌钙蛋白I、超敏C-反应蛋白、NT-proBNP水平均明显低于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗1个月后心脉隆组室壁运动积分、LVEF和6 min步行距离均明显优于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脉隆注射液可以改善心肌灌注,减轻神经内分泌激活,减少梗死范围,改善心功能。

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的老年患者冠状动脉介入术中的疗效和安全性评价

目的评价急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克老年患者行急诊介入治疗时常规主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)的有效性和安全性。方法 52例在IABP支持下行急诊介入治疗的合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者为治疗组,将同期行急诊介入治疗但没有行1ABP支持的合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者45例设为对照组;比较两组术后1个月、3个月以及6个月的左室功能和主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率;并同时统计IABP并发症的发生率。结果 IABP组患者术后1个月、3个月和6个月的左室射血分数较对照组明显改善〔(44.5%±8.2%)和(36.3%士4.7%),(46.7%±5.6%)和(39.1%±4.5%),(46.7%±5.6%)和(39.1%±4.5%),P<0.05〕;两组患者术后1个月(12/52和25/45)、3个月(15/52和30/45)和6个月(17/52和37/45)的MACE事件发生率间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IABP并发症发生率为23.1%,严重并发症发生率为7.7%。结论对合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死老年患者行急诊PCI同时采用IABP支持治疗能有效改善左室功能和减少主要心血管不良事件的发生率,但IABP并发症发生率明显增多。

新型抗栓药替格瑞洛对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的近期疗效及安全性评价

目的评价新型抗栓药替格瑞洛对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）抗栓的有效性及安全性。方法选择2013年9-12月收治的80例发病12h以内、接受急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表随机分为替格瑞洛组（40例）和氯吡格雷组（40例）。术前及术后分别使用替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷抗栓，观察并比较两组患者的基线资料、冠状动脉病变特征、心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流分级、术后5d血小板聚集率以及30d主要不良心血管事件（MACE）等，评价安全性的指标主要为出血并发症和呼吸困难等不良反应。结果两组患者基线资料、病变支数、TIMI血流分级差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者随访30d，均无再发心肌梗死、支架内血栓、心源性死亡发生。两组患者急诊PCI术前凝血指标及术后5d血小板计数差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。替格瑞洛组术后5d血小板聚集率明显优于氯吡格雷组（P〈0．01）。两组均无严重出血发生，无血小板减少。替格瑞洛组有4例呼吸困难不良反应，经换用氯吡格雷后症状缓解；氯吡格雷组无呼吸困难发生，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论新型抗栓药替格瑞洛对急诊PCI术的抗栓治疗具有良好的安全性和有效性。

急性心肌梗死死亡及再梗死相关因素的分析

目的 :确定尿激酶 (UK )溶栓治疗和经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)治疗的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者住院期和随访期死亡和再发心肌梗死 (心梗 )的预测因素。方法 :采用双向性队列研究 ,观察 190例 AMI患者住院期和随访期的临床结果。将死亡和再发心梗合并为恶性事件 ,应用 Spearm an等级相关法分析及多变量L ogist回归分析方法确定住院期和随访期恶性事件的相关因素及独立预测因素。结果 :住院期恶性事件发生率UK组为 15 .4 6 % ,PTCA组为 6 .4 5 % ;随访 (13.81± 7.39)月累计的恶性事件发生率 U K组为 30 .93% ,PTCA组为 9.6 8%。与 U K组和 PTCA组住院和随访期恶性事件发生呈正相关的因素包括 :年龄、Q波导联数、Killip分级、住院期心力衰竭 (心衰 )、既往高血压病史、心梗史等 ;呈负相关的因素是 :吸烟史、收缩压、住院期射血分数值等。介入治疗是两组患者住院期和随访期恶性事件的独立预测因子 ,也是介入治疗组患者恶性事件惟一的独立预测因子 ,能降低恶性事件的发生率。 U K组住院期恶性事件发生的独立预测因子还有增龄、住院期心衰和 Q波导联数 ;随访期恶性事件的独立预测因子还有增龄、住院期心衰。梗死前心绞痛与心梗住院期恶性事件发生呈负相关 ;溶栓治疗与补救性 PTCA组患者住院期恶性事件发生?

糖化血红蛋白与急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心功能的关系研究

目的探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心功能的关系。方法选择2009年发病时间<12 h的因AMI行PCI患者324例,根据入院时HbA1c水平分为HbA1c升高组(HbA1c≥6.5%,123例)和对照组(HbA1c<6.5%,201例),对比分析两组患者心功能的差异。结果两组患者术前TIMI血流0级率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组病变血管支数、冠状动脉梗死相关血管开通时间和无复流发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者住院期间左室射血分数(LVEF)和心力衰竭发生率间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组PCI后3个月时LVEF和心力衰竭发生率间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,在校正了其他危险因素之后,HbA1c是PCI后3个月时心力衰竭发生的影响因素〔OR=2.978,95%CI(1.635,5.018),P=0.021〕。结论 HbA1c升高是AMI患者心功能差的影响因素,应重视HbA1c在AMI预后中的作用,早期干预,控制血糖。

急性心肌梗塞合并糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影及临床特点分析

目的分析急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）合并糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影特点以及与临床之间的关系。方法共有３９０例急性心肌梗塞患者，其中８１例合并有糖尿病，３０９例未合并糖尿病。患者均在ＡＭＩ发病３小时至２周行冠状动脉造影及血脂分析。结果ＡＭＩ合并有糖尿病组平均年龄及年龄≥７０岁、女性患者、合并有高血压及前壁心肌梗死的发生率较非糖尿病组多（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１），同时合并有糖尿病组患者总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平也高于非糖尿病组患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。冠状动脉造影显示糖尿病组冠脉血管多支病变、弥漫性病变、重度病变以及左主干病变均多于非糖尿病组患者（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。结论ＡＭＩ合并糖尿病患者年龄大、女性较多、前壁心肌梗塞发生率高，且多合并有高血压及脂质代谢紊乱，同时冠状动脉病变严重且广泛，故应重视糖尿病的预防及治疗。

吸烟对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死接受紧急冠状动脉介入治疗患者预后影响的前瞻性多中心队列研究

目的评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ASTEMI)接受紧急经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者不同的吸烟状况是否影响其结局。方法采用前瞻性、多中心的队列研究。连续选取2009年5月—2010年5月辽宁省20家医院的ASTEMI患者。根据吸烟状况分为吸烟组和不吸烟组,比较两组患者的基线特征及住院时的一般状况、住院及随访期间的治疗情况。主要观察终点及次要终点是随访结束(远期)及住院期间(近期)的全因死亡率。采用Kap-lan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,并用Log-rank检验对生存曲线进行比较,采用多因素COX比例风险回归模型预测死亡的独立危险因素。结果共402例患者入选,吸烟组228例,不吸烟组174例,吸烟率为56.7%。吸烟组的年龄小于不吸烟组〔(56.47±10.90)岁vs.(64.86±11.97)岁〕,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。吸烟组的男性比例高于不吸烟组(94.7%vs.61.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不吸烟组的心肌梗死病史、高血压史、糖尿病史的发生率显著高于吸烟组(P<0.05)。不吸烟组3支病变多于吸烟组,1支病变少于吸烟组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.04)。两组的近期及远期病死率间差异无统计学意义(3.1%vs.5.7%,4.8%vs.8.0%,均P=0.19)。两组近期及远期的累积生存率间差异无统计学意义(P=0.53,P=0.08)。年龄〔HR=1.118,95%CI(1.069,1.168),P<0.001〕、体质指数〔HR=1.113,95%CI(1.107,1.219),P=0.02〕、吸烟〔HR=3.549,95%CI(1.305,9.650),P=0.01〕是影响ASTEMI接受PCI治疗患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论在ASTEMI接受PCI治疗的患者中,吸烟者更年轻、并发症少及病变轻,但吸烟者的近期及远期预后与不吸烟者间无统计学差异;年龄、体质指数及吸烟是影响ASTEMI接受PCI治疗患者死亡的独立危险因素。

急性心肌梗塞的经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

本文报道２６例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ），其中１０例并发心源性休克，６例在主动脉内球囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）、１例在离心泵支持下进行。２４例（９２．３％）梗塞相关动脉ＰＴＣＡ成功。在成功的患者每次最长的球囊加压扩张时间平均２９９．８±２９８．８秒，较常规ＰＴＣＡ长；扩张压力较常规ＰＴＣＡ小。１０例并发心源性休克患者６例存活，非休克患者无死亡，无与操作有关的并发症发生。结果表明，急诊ＰＴＣＡ是ＡＭＩ再灌注治疗的有效方法之一，可明显降低心源性休克的病死率。在操作方面，长时间加压扩张有助于使反复再闭塞的病变保持通畅。