Plasma metabolites and risk of myocardial infarction:a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)is a critical cardiovascular event with multifaceted etiology,involving several genetic and environmental factors.It is essential to understand the function of plasma metabolites in the development of MI and unravel its complex pathogenesis.METHODS This study employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach to investigate the causal relationships between plasma metabolites and MI risk.We used genetic instruments as proxies for plasma metabolites and MI and conducted MR analyses in both directions to assess the impact of metabolites on MI risk and vice versa.In addition,the large-scale genome-wide association studies datasets was used to identify genetic variants associated with plasma metabolite(1400 metabolites)and MI(20,917 individuals with MI and 440,906 individuals without MI)susceptibility.Inverse variance weighted was the primary method for estimating causal effects.MR estimates are expressed as beta coefficients or odds ratio(OR)with 95%CI.RESULTS We identified 14 plasma metabolites associated with the occurrence of MI(P<0.05),among which 8 plasma metabolites[propionylglycine levels(OR=0.922,95%CI:0.881–0.965,P<0.001),gamma-glutamylglycine levels(OR=0.903,95%CI:0.861–0.948,P<0.001),hexadecanedioate(C16-DC)levels(OR=0.941,95%CI:0.911–0.973,P<0.001),pentose acid levels(OR=0.923,95%CI:0.877–0.972,P=0.002),X-24546 levels(OR=0.936,95%CI:0.902–0.971,P<0.001),glycine levels(OR=0.936,95%CI:0.909–0.964,P<0.001),glycine to serine ratio(OR=0.930,95%CI:0.888–0.974,P=0.002),and mannose to trans-4-hydroxyproline ratio(OR=0.912,95%CI:0.869–0.958,P<0.001)]were correlated with a decreased risk of MI,whereas the remaining 6 plasma metabolites[1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPE(16:0/20:4)levels(OR=1.051,95%CI:1.018–1.084,P=0.002),behenoyl dihydrosphingomyelin(d18:0/22:0)levels(OR=1.076,95%CI:1.027–1.128,P=0.002),1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-GPE(18:0/22:6)levels(OR=1.067,95%CI:1.027–1.109,P=0.001),alpha-ketobutyrate levels(OR=1.108,95%CI:1.041–1.180,P=0.001),5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil levels(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.019–1.076,P<0.001),and N-acetylputrescine to(N(1)+N(8))-acetylspermidine ratio(OR=1.045,95%CI:1.018–1.073,P<0.001)]were associated with an increased risk of MI.Furthermore,we also observed that the mentioned relationships were unaffected by horizontal pleiotropy(P>0.05).On the contrary,MI did not lead to significant alterations in the levels of the aforementioned 14 plasma metabolites(P>0.05 for each comparison).CONCLUSIONS Our bidirectional MR study identified 14 plasma metabolites associated with the occurrence of MI,among which 13 plasma metabolites have not been reported previously.These findings provide valuable insights for the early diagnosis of MI and potential therapeutic targets.

Comparison of plasma microRNA-1 and cardiac troponin T in early diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:Early reperfusion can effectively treat acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and reduce the mortality signif icantly. This study aimed to compare the role of plasma microRNA-1(miR-1) and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) in early diagnosis of AMI patients.METHODS:From May 2011 to May 2012,plasma samples were collected from 56 AMI patients and 28 non-AMI controls. The expression of plasma miR-1 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and the level of plasma cTnT was measured using electrochemiluminescence-based methods on an Elecsys 2010 Immunoassay Analyzer. SPSS 16.0 was used for the statistical analysis of the results. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise described. The differences about clinical characteristics between the AMI patients and controls were tested using Student's t test or Fisher's exact test. The Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare the expression of microRNAs between the AMI patients and controls. MicroRNAs expression between different intervals of the AMI patients was compared using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was established to discriminate the AMI patients from the controls.RESULTS:In the present study,the expression of plasma miR-1 was signifi cantly increased in the AMI patients compared with the healthy controls(P<0.01). The plasma miR-1 in the AMI patients decreased to the normal level at 14 days(P>0.05). The expression of plasma miR-1 was not related to the clinical characteristics of the study population(P>0.05). ROC curve analyses demonstrated that miR-1 was specifi c and sensitive for the early diagnosis of AMI,but not superior to cTnT.CONCLUSION:Plasma miR-1 could be used in the early diagnosis of AMI,but it is similar to cTnT.

Neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction An 8-year bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction using a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of data retrieval for neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction containing the key words ＂CT, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, transcranial Doppler, transvaginal color Doppler, digital subtraction angiography, and cerebral infarction＂ using the Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria were： （a） peer-reviewed articles on neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction which were published and indexed in the Web of Science; （b） original research articles and reviews; and （c） publication between 2004-2011. Exclusion criteria were： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; and （b） corrected papers or book chapters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1）Annual publication output; （2） distribution according to country; （3） distribution according to institution; （4） top cited publications; （5） distribution according to journals; and （6） comparison of study results on neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Imaging has become the predominant method used in diagnosing cerebral infarction. The most frequently used clinical imaging methods were digital subtraction angiography, CT, MRI, and transcranial color Doppler examination. Digital subtraction angiography is used as the gold standard. However, it is a costly and time-consuming invasive diagnosis that requires some radiation exposure, and is poorly accepted by patients. As such, it is mostly adopted in interventional therapy in the clinic. CT is now accepted as a rapid, simple, and reliable non-invasive method for use in diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and preoperative appraisal. Ultrasonic Doppler can be used to reflect the hardness of the vascular wall and the nature of the plaque more clearly than CT and MRI. CONCLUSION： At present, there is no unified standard of classification of cerebral infarction imaging. Detection of clinical super-acute cerebral infarction remains controversial due to its changes on imaging, lack of specificity, and its similarity to a space-occupying lesion. Neuroimaging diagnosis for cerebral infarction remains a highly active area of research and development.

High Cholesterol Disorders, Myocardial Infarction and Its Therapeutics

The current review article discusses several conditions linked to high cholesterol, including their causes, diagnoses, and treatments. Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and hypercholesterolemia is a standalone risk factor for the condition. Numerous cardiovascular illnesses (CVDs) and disorders, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, and coronary heart diseases, were highlighted in this article. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is the key factor in the majority of CVDs. It adheres to fatty deposits and forms plaques inside artery lumen, preventing the heart and other body organs from receiving enough blood and oxygen. Cardiomyopathies and dyslipidemias are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in men and place a considerable health cost on society. Age, hypertension, obesity-induced blood pressure, and a rise in plasma cholesterol are all factors that raise the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Calorie intake must be controlled, meal composition must be changed, a natural cycle must be established, and circadian timeliness must be maintained in order to live a healthy life. To lower the risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, try to go vegetarian and always consume traditional plant-based diets and herbal remedies. Exercise yoga and aerobics every day to stay physically healthy, and have your blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels checked on a regular basis. Follow your family doctor’s recommendations for managing high cholesterol risks and diagnosing CVD, obtain a lipid profile, take the recommended medications, maintain composure, and adopt a positive outlook for a long and healthy life.

ST-segment elevation: Distinguishing ST elevation myocardial infarction from ST elevation secondary to nonischemic etiologies

The benefits of early perfusion in ST elevation myocardial infarctions(STEMI) are established; howeverearly perfusion of non-ST elevation myocardial infarctions has not been shown to be beneficial. In additionST elevation(STE) caused by conditions other thanacute ischemia is common. Non-ischemic STE may beconfused as STEMI, but can also mask STEMI on electrocardiogram(ECG). As a result, activating the primarypercutaneous coronary intervention(pPCI) protocooften depends on determining which ST elevation patterns reflect transmural infarction due to acute coronary artery thrombosis. Coordination of interpreting theECG in its clinical context and appropriately activatingthe pPCI protocol has proved a difficult task in borderline cases. But its importance cannot be ignored, asreflected in the 2013 American College of CardiologyFoundation/American Heart Association guidelines concerning the treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction. Multiples strategies have been tested and studiedand are currently being further perfected. No mattethe strategy, at the heart of delivering the best care lies rapid and accurate interpretation of the ECG. Here, we present the different patterns of non-ischemic STE and methods of distinguishing between them. In writing this paper, we hope for quicker and better stratification of patients with STE on ECG, which will lead to be bet-ter outcomes.

Use of various CT imaging methods for diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Thirty-four patients with cerebral infarction and 18 patients with transient ischemic attack were examined by multi-slice spiral CT scan, CT perfusion imaging, and CT angiography within 6 hours after onset. By CT perfusion imaging, 29 cases in the cerebral infarction group and 10 cases in the transient ischemic attack group presented with abnormal blood flow perfusion, which corresponded to the clinical symptoms. By CT angiography, various degrees of vascular stenosis could be detected in 41 patients, including 33 in the cerebral infarction group and eight in the transient ischemic attack group. The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that of extracranial artery stenosis. The intracranial artery stenosis was located predominantly in the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery siphon, while the extracranial artery stenosis occurred mainly in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the opening of the vertebral artery. There were 34 cases （83%） with convict vascular stenosis and perfusion abnormalities, and five cases （45%） with perfusion abnormalities but without convict vascular stenosis. The incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〉 5 points during onset was significantly higher than that in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〈 5 points. These experimental findings indicate that the combined application of various CT imaging methods allows early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis and severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease at the morphological and functional levels.

一站式CTA联合CTP扫描在急性脑梗死患者临床诊断中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨一站式CT血管成像(CTA)联合CT灌注成像(CTP)扫描在急性脑梗死患者临床诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年8月~2021年8月期间医院收治的急性脑梗死患者63例,均进行一站式CTA联合CTP扫描检查,分析患者梗死区、缺血半暗带区以及相应对侧区CTP检查参数,并分析患者血管狭窄程度与灌注异常以及侧支循环形成的关系。结果63例急性脑梗死患者CTP检查均发现脑血流灌注异常,梗死区患侧CBF、 CBV低于对侧区(P<0.05),TTP较对侧区无限延迟;缺血半暗带区患侧CBF低于对侧区(P<0.05),TTP高于对侧区(P<0.05),CBV与对侧区无显著差异(P>0.05)。63例急性脑梗死患者中,轻度、中度、重度狭窄以及闭塞患者分别为31例、24例、6例和2例,其中22例侧支循环形成,且有梗死区、缺血半暗带区以及侧支循环形成的患者比例伴随血管狭窄程度的加剧而逐渐增多(P<0.05)。结论 CTP检查能够快速、准确地区分梗死区与缺血半暗带区,CTA可对供血动脉狭窄程度及闭塞情况进行评估,一站式CTA联合CTP扫描在急性脑梗死患者临床诊断中具有重要的指导价值。

金属组学在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的应用

为探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(^(2+))、Fe^(^(2+))、Mg^(^(2+))含量变化,并研究其与心肌梗死患者之间的关系。选取2022年5月至2023年2月收治的AMI患者37例,同时选取健康体检者35例作为对照组。依据入院时或体检时收集的抽血样本进行临床生化分析,比较两组间血清K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量,采用判别方程、主成分分析法(PCA),判断分析哪种金属离子对于心肌梗死的诊断价值大。结果表明,AMI患者的血清中Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)含量低于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义。基于血钙、铁水平两组具有显著性差异,以它们为基础进行判别分析,获得判别函数式。将血清中K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的数据代入进行PCA,绘制并分析PCA载荷因子图,可以判断发现Fe^(2+)对于诊断的价值最大。AMI患者的血清中Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)含量较低,同时Ca^(2+)和Fe^(2+)对于诊断心肌梗死具有临床价值。

2型心肌梗死诊断及预后的研究进展

2型心肌梗死是由氧供需不匹配造成的缺血性心肌损伤,多见于老年人和女性,合并症较多,大多在心脏科以外的科室被发现,且预后较差。在临床诊疗过程中,2型心肌梗死并未被广泛接受,也未有公认的诊断标准。近年来关于2型心肌梗死的诊断与预后方面的研究一直是国际讨论的热点,现总结近年来关于2型心肌梗死诊断及预后方面的研究进展,以期为后续的研究及临床实践提供参考。

不典型急性心肌梗死心电图误诊分析

目的探讨不典型急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期心电图误诊原因及防范措施。方法回顾分析2022年1月—2023年2月收治的曾误诊的不典型AMI 2例的临床资料。结果1例因发热、胸闷、心悸、咳嗽和全身乏力1 d就诊,心电图检查示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段压低,T波低平,窦性心律不齐,误诊为心肌炎,予对症治疗无好转,复查心电图及心肌酶等后诊断为AMI。1例因胸痛、晕厥倒地2 h入院,心电图无ST-T及异常Q波改变,提示右心室肥大,诊断为右心室肥大,后经心肌酶、心脏超声及冠状动脉造影检查明确诊断AMI。误诊时间3 d和6 h。1例行药物保守治疗,1例行经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗,随访均预后良好。结论不典型AMI患者或因无明显胸痛症状,或因早期心电图表现不典型或正常,导致初期极易误诊。加强对不典型AMI认识,对伴有高危因素者提高警惕性,熟知其心电图动态变化特点,注重动态心电图监测,并结合临床症状及心肌酶情况综合分析病情,有助于早期确诊并治疗。

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清转化生长因子11、补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白5的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨转化生长因子11(transforming growth factor 11,GDF11)、补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白5(complement C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 5,CTRP5)在ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者血清中的表达及诊断价值。方法 选取2019年3月到2021年2月石家庄市第三医院收治的60例STEMI患者为心肌梗死组,另选取同期健康体检者50名为对照组。检测两组受试者血清GDF11、CTRP5的表达水平。采用Pearson相关性分析对STEMI患者血清中GDF11和CTRP5表达水平及二者与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、血糖(blood glucose,GLU)、白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(neutrophil count,NEUT)、单核细胞计数(monocyte count,MONO)及超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)、高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T(high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T,hs-cTnT)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB)浓度及预后不良事件的相关性进行分析。采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析血清中GDF11和CTRP5对STEMI患者的诊断价值。结果 心肌梗死组患者的血清GDF11(1.42±0.35 vs. 0.99±0.18,t=7.860,P<0.05)和CTRP5(1.49±0.43 vs. 1.01±0.22,t=7.148,P<0.05)表达水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。相关性分析结果显示,心肌梗死组血清GDF11和CTRP5表达水平呈正相关(r=0.550,P<0.05),GDF11和CTRP5表达水平与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.548,-0.592,P<0.05),与GLU(r=0.447,0.534,P<0.05)、WBC(r=0.653,0.502,P<0.05)、NEUT(r=0.562,0.578,P<0.05)、MONO(r=0.439,0.423,P<0.05)、hs-CRP(r=0.513,0.542,P<0.05)、hs-cTnT(r=0.513,0.524,P<0.05)、CK-MB(r=0.630,0.417,P<0.05)及预后不良事件(r=0.557,0.529,P<0.05)呈正相关。GDF11和CTRP5联合诊断STEMI的ROC曲线下面积大于GDF11、CTRP5单独诊断(Z=2.424、2.507,P<0.05)。结论 GDF11和CTRP5在STEMI患者血清中表达水平升高,两者联合对STEMI具有较高的诊断价值。

心电图碎裂QRS波联合血清SF、S100A4对急性心肌梗死诊断和预后的评估价值

目的探讨心电图碎裂QRS与血清SF、S100A4指标联合应用在急性心肌梗死(AMI)诊断及预后评估中的应用价值方法选取我院2020年12月—2022年12月期间收诊的87例AMI患者作为观察组,并根据是否发生心力衰竭分为单纯AMI组和心力衰竭组(AMI伴心衰组),并选取87例健康体检者作为对照组,比较两组研究对象的心电图指标特征,以及血清SF、S100A4水平,分析单项及联合应用模式下的诊断效能。结果对照组的QRS波时限明显短于观察组,且对照组的血清SF、S100A4均显著低于观察组(P<0.05);单纯AMI组的QRS波时限、血清SF及S100A4水平均显著低于心衰组(P<0.05);三项联合诊断AMI的AUC面积是0.908,灵敏度、特异度分别是97.72%、97.72%,均优于任一单项联合检测;三项联合模式下,评估AMI患者是否出现心衰的AUC面积是0.945,灵敏度、特异度分别是79.49%、95.83%。结论心电图碎裂QRS波时限联合血清SF、S100A4可有效判断AMI的发生及预后,其诊断效能优于单项评估模式,值得临床推广应用。

血清KLF2、NOS3水平对大动脉粥样硬化型急性脑梗死患者的诊断及病情评估价值

[目的]探讨锌指样转录因子2(KLF2)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶3(NOS3)水平在大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)型急性脑梗死(ACI)患者诊断及病情评估中的价值。[方法]将150例LAA型ACI患者根据病情分为轻度组(n=36)、中度组(n=48)和重度组(n=66),另选取同期门诊健康体检者设为对照组(n=150)。比较各组血清KLF2、NOS3水平;ROC曲线分别分析血清KLF2、NOS3水平对LAA型ACI的诊断价值和对发生重度LAA型ACI的预测价值。[结果]LAA型ACI组患者血清KLF2、NOS3水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。轻、中、重度组LAA型ACI患者血清KLF2、NOS3水平依次显著降低(P<0.05)。血清KLF2、NOS3二者联合诊断LAA型ACI的AUC为0.858,灵敏度为73.33%,特异度为86.00%,优于KLF2、NOS3各自单独诊断(Z联合检测-KLF2=3.796,Z联合检测-NOS3=4.689,均P<0.001)。血清KLF2、NOS3二者联合预测发生重度LAA型ACI的AUC为0.878,灵敏度为77.27%,特异度为90.48%,优于KLF2、NOS3各自单独预测(Z联合检测-KLF2=2.401,P=0.016;Z联合检测-NOS3=3.070,P=0.002)。[结论]LAA型ACI患者血清KLF2、NOS3水平显著降低,且与病情严重程度显著负相关,二者联合应用对LAA型ACI诊断和病情预测具有较高的评估效能。

冠状动脉非阻塞性心肌梗死的研究进展

随着冠状动脉造影(CAG)的普及和心肌损伤标志物检测水平的提高,冠状动脉非阻塞性心肌梗死(MINOCA)的报道日渐增多,近年来其概念不断更新,2020年欧洲指南正式将MINOCA确立为一种“工作诊断”以促进临床医师进一步寻找心肌损伤的原因。但由于受经济、经验、技术水平等多方面的限制,临床实际工作对MINOCA病因尚未完全明确,本文结合国内外最新研究结果对MINOCA的病因及治疗进展进行分类总结阐述,并提供不同医疗资源条件下的两种不同诊断思路,建议结合临床实际情况制订MINOCA的诊断策略,以期及时准确地诊断,改善患者预后,同时节约医疗资源。

miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p表达在急性脑梗死患者诊疗中的价值研究

目的 探讨miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p表达在急性脑梗死(ACI)患者诊疗中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年12月南通市第三人民医院全科医学科收治的ACI患者100例作为研究对象,定义为ACI组,根据ACI患者3个月改良Rankin评分量表(mRS评分)将其分为预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分)68例与预后不良组(mRS>2分)32例,另选同期于南通市第三人民医院全科医学科体检的健康者100例作为对照组。记录各组miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p表达水平并进行比较,采用Pearson相关分析探讨两变量的相关性,通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p联合检测在ACI诊断中的效能,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨ACI预后的危险因素。结果 ACI组平均年龄、吸烟史比例、合并高血压比例、miR-140-3p与miR-128-3p及miR-27-3p表达水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p联合检测用于诊断ACI的曲线下面积(AUC值)为0.965,敏感度为99.00%,特异度为98.00%,表明miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p联合检测用于诊断ACI的效能更高。预后不良组平均年龄、入院时NIHSS评分、梗死体积、吸烟史比例、合并高血压比例、miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p、miR-140-3p表达水平及3个月mRS评分均明显高于预后良好组(均P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析表明ACI患者miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p、miR-140-3p表达水平均分别与入院时NIHSS评分、梗死体积、3个月mRS评分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析表明年龄(OR:1.546;95%CI:1.124~1.969)、入院时NIHSS评分(OR:1.721;95%CI:1.229~2.308)、梗死体积(OR:1.853;95%CI:1.436~2.786)、吸烟史(OR:1.517;95%CI:1.168~1.825)、miR-27-3p (OR:2.481;95%CI:1.452~3.201)、miR-128-3p (OR:1.692;95%CI:1.288-2.431)及miR-140-3p (OR:2.032;95%CI:1.141~1.976)均为ACI患者预后的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 ACI患者miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p表达水平均明显升高,通过三指标联合检测可提高对ACI的诊断效能,而预后不良ACI患者miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p表达水平则升高更为明显,并分别与入院时NIHSS评分、梗死体积、3个月mRS评分呈正相关,且miR-27-3p、miR-128-3p及miR-140-3p均为ACI患者预后的独立危险因素,应予以重点关注。

缺血修饰白蛋白与心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白联合检测对不典型急性心肌梗死患者的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)与心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)联合检测对不典型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的早期诊断价值。方法:选择2021年1月—2022年6月湖南中医药高等专科学校附属第一医院收治的发病6 h内的176例可疑AMI患者作为研究对象,依照临床最终诊断结果将其分为有胸痛AMI组90例、无胸痛AMI组32例、非AMI组54例。选择同期在医院体检的30名健康者作为健康对照组。测定各组研究对象H-FABP、IMA、肌钙蛋白I(c TnI)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)含量,计算H-FABP、IMA、H-FABP+IMA、cTnI、CK-MB对无胸痛AMI组患者的诊断性试验评价指标。结果:有胸痛AMI组及无胸痛AMI组患者IMA、H-FABP、cTnI、CK-MB水平均高于非AMI组患者及健康对照组研究对象,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.362、12.275、8.938、3.294、8.729、16.736、10.283、5.726,P<0.05);有胸痛AMI组患者与无胸痛AMI组患者IMA、H-FABP、cTnI、CK-MB水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=2.428、1.594、2.875、3.179,P>0.05)。IMA联合H-FABP检测诊断无胸痛AMI组患者的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断效率均高于IMA、H-FABP、cTnI、CK-MB单独检测数据,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.328、16.972、9.375、11.547,P<0.05)。结论:IMA与H-FABP联合检测对不典型AMI患者的早期诊断具有较高的临床价值。

青年脑梗死误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫临床分析

目的探讨青年脑梗死诊治要点及误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫的原因、防范措施。方法对2021年2月—2022年10月收治的曾误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫的青年脑梗死7例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组7例年龄23~38岁,主要表现为多次发作一过性或短暂性右肢乏力,伴右面部发麻;右肢肌力均减低,右鼻唇沟变浅和腱反射减弱各3例,舌右伸偏斜、共济失调和Babinski征阳性各2例。7例均于外院综合门诊误诊为单纯部分性发作癫痫,误诊时间2~3 d。入我院后均经头颅MRI及磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查确诊脑梗死,予相应治疗后病情好转出院。出院后随访6个月,7例均未复发,2例遗留轻微肢体功能障碍。结论青年脑梗死早期症状不典型,易误诊。基层医院临床医生应提高对该病警惕性,加强对其认识,对有脑部体征且伴有脑梗死易患因素青年患者,不要因年龄小而轻易否定脑梗死诊断,必要时及时转诊并行MRI、MRA等影像学检查,以及早确诊并治疗。

颈动脉残端综合征病例系列研究及文献回顾

目的 评价血管内介入治疗对于颈动脉残端综合征(CSS)所引起的急性缺血性卒中的临床效果。方法 本研究回顾性收集了2018年8月—2022年10月间就诊于吉林大学第一医院接受血管内介入治疗的前循环急性缺血性卒中患者,并筛选由CSS引起的急性缺血性卒中患者,收集患者人口学信息、危险因素、手术相关特征及预后,分析血管内治疗的效果。结果 共23例患者满足CSS的诊断标准,其中19例患者实现再通,7例患者实现了延伸的脑梗死溶栓分级(eTICI)3级。14例同期植入了颈动脉支架。12例患者术后出现了颅内出血,其中1例出现症状性颅内出血(sICH),并因此于院内死亡。发病90 d时,共有8例患者实现了功能独立(mRS≤2),4例患者在90 d内死亡。结论 CSS是一种临床综合征,由闭塞的颈内动脉远端栓子脱落引起的颅内动脉栓塞。血管内介入治疗是治疗CSS的有效方法。

血5′tRF-LysCTT对急性脑梗死早期诊断及病情严重程度判定的价值

目的探究血5′tRF-LysCTT表达水平对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者早期诊断及病情严重程度判定的价值。方法收集2022年10月至2023年10月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经内科住院急性脑梗死(ACI)患者为ACI组(n=114),选取同期健康体检者为对照组(n=112)。根据NIHSS评分将ACI患者分为轻型组(NIHSS≤5分,n=66)和中重型组(NIHSS>5分,n=48)。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)技术检测两组血5′tRF-LysCTT水平。应用多因素Logistic回归分析预测ACI患者神经功能缺损程度的危险因素。ROC曲线分析5′tRF-LysCTT对区分轻型、中重型ACI的诊断价值。结果ACI患者血5′tRF-LysCTT水平明显低于对照组(1.34±0.56 vs.3.28±1.01,P<0.001)。与轻型组比较,中重型组血5′tRF-LysCTT表达明显降低(1.65±0.45 vs.0.89±0.36,P<0.001)。与5′tRF-LysCTT相对表达量与ACI神经功能缺损程度呈负相关(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析5′tRF-LysCTT对区分ACI组与对照组的曲线下面积(AUC值)为0.956(95%CI 0.9317~0.9805),敏感度为94.6%,特异度为84.7%,截断值为2.11;区分ACI轻、中重型的AUC值为0.908(95%CI 0.8543~0.9618),敏感度为93.3%,特异度为80.2%,截断值为1.41,具有较高诊断效率。Logistic回归分析显示,5′tRF-LysCTT是预测神经功能缺损程度的独立危险因素。结论血5′tRF-LysCTT可能成为ACI患者早期诊断及病情严重程度判定的新标志物。

血清IL-11水平在急性脑梗死患者诊断和预后中的评估价值及其与血清脑源性神经营养因子的相关性

目的探讨血清IL-11在急性脑梗死诊断和预后评估中的价值及其与血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的相关性。方法收集102例急性脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和64名正常对照者(正常对照组)的一般临床资料。根据90 d mRS评分将脑梗死组分为预后良好亚组和预后不良亚组。采用Pearson相关性分析血清IL-11和NIHSS评分、脑梗死体积、血清BDNF的相关性,Logistics回归分析脑梗死预后的影响因素,并绘制IL-11在脑梗死诊断和预后预测中的ROC曲线。结果脑梗死组高血压比率及糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白水平显著高于正常对照组(均P<0.05)。预后不良亚组的年龄、糖尿病比率、糖化血红蛋白水平、入院时NIHSS评分、脑梗死体积显著高于预后良好亚组(均P<0.05)。脑梗死组血清IL-11水平显著低于正常对照组(t=10.123,P<0.001)。脑梗死预后不良亚组血清IL-11水平显著低于预后良好亚组(t=7.438,P<0.001)。脑梗死患者血清IL-11表达与NIHSS评分(r=-0.603,P<0.001)及脑梗死体积(r=-0.681,P<0.001)呈负相关关系。Logistics回归分析显示,IL-11为影响脑梗死患者预后的保护性因素(OR=0.814,P=0.009),脑梗死体积(OR=2.262,P<0.001)和NIHSS评分(OR=2.107,P=0.006)为影响脑梗死预后的危险因素。当IL-11应用于脑梗死的诊断时,ROC曲线下面积为0.841,灵敏性为91.18%,特异性为72.42%,截断值为378.47;当IL-11应用于脑梗死预后预测时,ROC曲线下面积为0.786,灵敏性为67.09%,特异性为87.93%,截断值为310.94。脑梗死患者血清IL-11水平与血清BDNF水平的相关系数为r=0.711、P<0.01。结论脑梗死患者血清IL-11水平显著降低,且预后不良患者的IL-11水平显著低于预后良好亚组。同时,IL-11水平与血清BDNF水平呈负相关,可能可以用于脑梗死的辅助诊断和预后评估。