Unraveling the therapeutic mechanisms of myristic acid and luteolin 7-rutinoside in oral cancer: insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis

Background:The compound Luteolin-7-rutinoside(L7R)is a flavone derivative of luteolin,predominantly identified in plant species belonging to the families Asteraceae.Conversely,Myristic acid is characterized by its structure as a 14-carbon,unsaturated fatty acid.In this investigation,we endeavor to elucidate the putative mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside in the context of oral cancer treatment,employing network pharmacology coupled with molecular docking methodologies.Methods:The protein targets of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside were identified through a search on the Swiss Target Database.Subsequently,a compound-target network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1.Targets associated with OC were retrieved from the OMIM and GeneCards databases.The overlap between compound targets and OC-related targets was determined,and the resulting shared targets were subjected to protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis using the STRING database.Additionally,gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were conducted on the identified targets.Molecular docking were performed to investigate the interactions between the core target and the active compound.Results:The component target network comprises 103 nodes and 102 edges.Among the proteins in the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,those with higher degrees are TNF,PPARG,and TP53.Analysis through Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways indicates that the treatment of OC with Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside primarily involves the regulation of miRNA transcription and inflammatory response.The identified signaling pathways include Pathways in cancer,PPAR signaling pathway,EGFR signaling pathway,and TNF signaling pathway.Molecular docking studies reveal that Luteolin 7-rutinoside and Myristic acid exhibit higher affinity towards TNF,PPARG,TP53,and EGFR.Conclusion:This study reveals the potential molecular mechanism of Myristic Acid and Luteolin 7-rutinoside in the treatment of oral cancer,and provides a reference for subsequent basic research.

Thermal Energy Storage Characteristics of Myristic and Stearic Acids Eutectic Mixture for Low Temperature Heating Applications

Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhouse heating in regard to climatic requirements. However, their melting temperatures can be adjusted to a suitable value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the myristic acid (MA) and the stearic acid (SA). In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of myristic acid (MA) and stearic acid (SA) in the respective composition (by mass) of 64% and 36% forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 44.13℃ and the latent heat of fusion of 182.4J·g-1. The thermal energy storage characteristics of the MA-SA eutectic mixture filled in the annulus of two concentric pipes were also experimentally established. The heat recovery rate and heat charging/discharging fractions were determined with respect to the change in the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Based on the results obtained by DSC analysis and by the heat charg- ing/discharging processes of the PCM, it can be concluded that the MA-SA eutectic mixture is a potential material for low temperature thermal energy storage applications in terms of its thermo-physical and thermal characteristics.

Myristic Acid(MA) Promotes Adipogenic Gene Expression and the Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocyte Precursor Cells

Intramuscular fat （IMF） content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and lfavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid （MA） on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle （LDM） and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA signiifcantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ（PPARγ） and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4/aP2）, fatty acid translocase （FAT）, acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα（ACCα）, adipose triglyceride lipase （ATGL） and fatty acid synthase （FASN）. However, no signiifcant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α（C/EBPα） or hormone sensitive lipase （HSL）. The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 （PDK4） was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation （day 1-3）. In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 （P〈0.001） and saturated fatty acids （SFA） （P〈0.05） to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneifcial implications for human health.

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions loaded with lycopene extracts encapsulated by spray drying:Formulation,characterization and optimization

Lycopene is very susceptible to degradation once released from the protective chromoplast environment.In this study,oil-in-water(O/W)nanoemulsions coupled with spray drying technology were applied for the encapsulation and stabilization of lycopene extracted from tomato waste.Tomato extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction.Nanoemulsions were prepared by a high-speed rotor stator using isopropyl myristate as the oil phase and Pluronic F-127 as the emulsifier for the aqueous external phase.The effect of emulsification process parameters was investigated.Spray drying of the produced emulsions was attempted to obtain a stabilized dry powder after the addition of a coating agent.The effect of different coating agents(maltodextrin,inulin,gum arabic,pectin,whey and polyvinylpyrrolidone),drying temperature(120-170℃),and feed flow rate(3-9 ml·min^(-1))on the obtained particles was evaluated.Results revealed that the emulsion formulation of 20/80(O/W)with 1.5%(mass fraction)of Pluronic F-127 as stabilizer in the aqueous phase resulted in a stable nanoemulsion with droplet sizes in the range of 259-276 nm with a unimodal and sharp size distribution.The extract in the nanoemulsion was well protected at room temperature with a degradation rate of lycopene of about 50%during a month of storage time.The most stable emulsions were then processed by spray drying to obtain a dry powder.Spray drying was particularly successful when using maltodextrin as a coating agent,obtaining dried spherical particles with mean diameters of(4.87±0.17)μm with a smooth surface.The possibility of dissolving the spray dried powder in order to repristinate.The original emulsion was also successfully verified.

Structure and corrosion resistance of modified micro-arc oxidation coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy

A hydrophobic surface was fabricated on a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treated AZ31 Mg alloys via surface modification with myristic acid. The effects of modification time on the wettability of the coatings were investigated using the contact angle measuring device. The surface morphologies and structure of the coatings were evaluated using SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The corrosion resistance was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and long-term immersion test. The results showed that the water contact angle (CA) increases gradually with modification time from 0 to 5 h, the highest CA reaches 138° after being modified for 5 h, and the number and size of the micro pores are decreased. The modification method hardly alters crystalline structure of the MAO coating, but improves the corrosion resistance based on the much positive potential and low current density. Moreover, the corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity can be enhanced with increasing the alkyl chain. The wetting and spreading for the alkylcarboxylate with low surface energy become easier on the micro-porous surface, and alkylcarboxylate monolayer will be formed through bidentate bonding, which changes the surface micropores to a sealing or semi-sealing structure and makes the MAO coating dense and hydrophobic. All the results demonstrate that the modification process improves the corrosion protection ability of the MAO coating on AZ31B Mg alloy.

新疆藁本有效成分研究

从新疆藁本（ＣｏｎｉｓｅｌｉｎｕｍｖａｇｉｎａｔｕｍＴｈｅｌｌ）的根茎中分到七个化合物，根据理化常数和光谱解析，分别鉴定为ｃｏｎｉｓｅｌｉｎ（Ⅰ），（Ｅ）－３－ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ－４，５－ｍｅｔｈｙｅｎｅｄｉｏｘｙｃｉｎｎａｍｉｃａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ（Ⅱ），（Ｅ）－３－ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ－４，５－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｄｉｏｘｙｃｉｎｎａｍｉｃａｌｃｏｈｏｌ（Ⅲ），（Ｅ）－３－ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ－４，５－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｄｏｘｙｃｉｎｎａｍｉｃａｃｉｄ（Ⅳ），肉豆劳动蔻酸（ｍｙｒｉｓｔｉｃｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ｖ），阿魏酸（ｆｅｒｕｌｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ⅵ）和香草醛（ｖａｎｉｌｉｎ，Ⅶ）。其中Ⅰ为新化合物，其余均为首次从该植物中分到。经药理实验表明化合物Ⅱ～Ⅴ对四氯化碳引起的小鼠转氨酶升高有降低作用，对丙酸杆菌引起的小鼠免疫性肝损伤有保护作用。

Isolation and Characterization of a New Cyanobacterial Strain with a Unique Fatty Acid Composition

A new cyanobacterial strain was isolated and purified from salt Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan. According to its morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, 16S rRNA sequence and the fatty acid profile, the strain has been classified as Cyanobacterium spp. and assigned as Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200. The strain is characterized by a non-temperature inducible Δ9-desaturation system, and by high relative amounts of myristic (14:0—30%) and myristoleic (14:1Δ9—10%) acids. The total amount of C14 fatty acids reaches 40%, which is unusually high for cyanobacteria, and it has never been reported before. The remaining fatty acids are represented mainly by palmitic (16:0) and palmitoleic (16:1Δ9) acids (the sum reaches nearly 60%). Such a fatty acid composition, together with a relatively high speed of growth, makes this newly isolated strain a prospective candidate for biodiesel production.

Sol-Gel Synthesis Using Novel Chelating Agent and Electrochemical Characterization of Binary Doped LiMn2O4 Spinel as Cathode Material for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

LiMn2O4 and LiCuxCryMn2-x-yO4 (x = 0.50;y = 0.05 - 0.50) powders have been synthesized via sol-gel method for the first time using Myristic acid as chelating agent. The synthesized samples have been taken to physical and electrochemical characterization such as thermo gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical characterization viz., electrochemical galvanostatic cycling studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential capacity curves (dQ/dE). XRD patterns of LiMn2O4 and LiCuxCryMn2-x-yO4 confirm high degree of crystallinity with good phase purity. FESEM image of undoped pristine spinel lucidly depicts cauliflower morphology with good agglomerated particle size of 50 nm while 0.5-Cu doped samples depict the pebbles morphology. TEM images of the spinel LiMn2O4 and LiCu0.5Cr0.05Mn1.45O4 authenticate that all the synthesized particles via sol-gel method are nano-sized (100 nm) with spherical surface and cloudy particles morphology. The LiMn2O4 samples calcined at 850℃ deliver the high discharge capacity of 130 mA·h/g with cathodic efficiency of 88% corresponds to 94% columbic efficiency in the first cycle. Among all four compositions studied, LiCu0.5Cr0.05Mn1.45O4 delivers 124 mA·h/g during the first cycle and shows stable performance with a low capacity fade of 1.1 mA·h/g cycle over the investigated 10 cycles.

Influence of different layers of skin on the percutaneous absorption of drugs with different lipophilicity

Objectives: To evaluate the barrier function of different skin layers in the process of percutaneous drug absorption. Methods: In vitro permeability via intact or stripped skin of 6 drugs (5-fluorouracil, theo-phylline, hydroquinone, barbital, isosorbide dinitrate and ketoprofen) with a wide span of lipophilicity were investigated in the patch dosage forms. Results: Characteristic parabolic relations was observed between the permeability (Kp, cm/h) of the drugs with different lipophilicity and their LogPc via either intact or stripped skin. However, due to the absence of the stratum corneum, increased Kp ratio for the tested drugs was proportional to their solubility in water other than their LogKp. When isopropyl myristate was used as absorption promoter of the drugs, the parabolic relationship no longer existed. For the intact skin, increase of Kp ratio of the drugs was enhanced resulting from IPM as drug's LogPc decreased. On the other hand, in the case of stripped skin, this enhancement was positively related to the solubility of the drugs in IPM. Conclusion : These data and methods present a novel approach to describe percutaneous drug absorption via damaged or diseased skin.

The Role of Oxygen Radicals in Rat Acute Lung Injury Induced by Phorbol Myristate Acetate

We tried to clarify the role of oxygen radicals released from granulocytes stimulated byphorbol myristate acetate(PMA) in rat acute lung injury. It was found that DNA strand-breakdamage(DSBD) in peripheral white blood cells (WBC) was significantly increased 40 min after injec-tion of PMA. DSBD in lung tissue of rats treated with PMA was also markedly increased comparedwith the controls. The PMA-treated rats showed significantly higher lipid-peroxide (LPO) level inplasma and lung tissue hemogenate than the controls did. These results suggest that determination ofDSBD, a simple and sensitive indicator for oxygen radical damaging, might be useful in thediagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), when it is used together with themeasurement of plasma LPO.

High-brightness green InP-based QLEDs enabled by in-situ passivating core surface with zinc myristate

The performance of red InP and blue ZnTeSe-based quantum dots(QDs)and corresponding QD light emitting diodes(QLEDs)has already been improved significantly,whose external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)and luminances have exceeded 20%and 80000 cd m-2,respectively.However,the inferior performance of the green InP-based device hinders the commercialization of full-color Cd-free QLED technology.The ease of oxidation of the highly reactive InP cores leads to high non-radiative recombination and poor photoluminescence quantum yield(PL QY)of the InP-based core/shell QDs,limiting the performance of the relevant QLEDs.Here,we proposed a fluoride-free synthesis strategy to in-situ passivate the InP cores,in which zinc myristate reacted with phosphine dangling bonds to form Zn–P protective layer and protect InP cores from the water and oxygen in the environment.The resultant InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell QDs demonstrated a high PL QY of 91%.The corresponding green-emitting electroluminescence devices exhibited a maximum EQE of 12.74%,along with a luminance of over 175000 cd m^(-2)and a long T50@100 cd m^(-2)lifetime of over 20000 h.

Preparation of ibuprofen/lipid composite microparticles by supercritical fluid technique

Using the CO_(2)-and N2-assisted atomization processes,the production of ibuprofen/lipid composite microparticles is investigated,in which the lipid includes myristic acid and tripalmitin.The produced composite particles show similar morphology to that of the pure lipids obtained by the same process.In the case of the N2-assisted process,the average size of composite part-icles is slightly larger than that of the pure lipid particles due to the difficulty of solidification when using N2.In the case of the CO_(2)-assisted process,the average size of com-posite particles is slightly smaller than that of the pure myr-istic acid particles,but slightly larger than that of the pure tripalmitin particles.The dissolution study reveals that the drug release from the ibuprofen/myristic acid particles is enhanced in comparison with that of the unprocessed ibu-profen.For the particles produced by the N2-assisted pro-cess,the X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns clearly indicate the encapsulation of ibuprofen into myristic acid.The obtained ibuprofen/tripalmitin composite particles with 5%or 20%of ibuprofen(in mass)evidently show the con-trolled drug release:only about 20%of the drug is released in 500 min from the ibuprofen/tripalmitin composite part-icles consisting of 20%ibuprofen prepared by the CO_(2)-assisted process,and the same release is obtained from the ibuprofen/tripalmitin composite particles containing 5%ibuprofen prepared by the N2-assisted process.

Effect of isopropyl myristate on the viscoelasticity and drug release of a drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch containing blonanserin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isopropyl myristate (IPM), a penetration enhancer, on the viscoelasticity and drug release of a drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch containing blonanserin. The patches were prepared with DURO-TAK (R) 87-2287 as a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) containing 5% (w/w) of blonanserin and different concentrations of IPM. An in vitro release experiment was performed and the adhesive performance of the drug-in-adhesive patches with different concentrations of IPM was evaluated by a rolling ball tack test and a shear-adhesion test. The glass transition temperature (T-g) and rheological parameters of the drug-in-adhesive layers were determined to study the effect of IPM on the mechanical properties of the PSA. The results of the in vitro release experiment showed that the release rate of blonanserin increased with an increasing concentration of IPM. The rolling ball tack test and shear-adhesion test showed decreasing values with increasing IPM concentration. The results were interpreted on the basis of the IPM-induced plasticization of the PSA, as evidenced by a depression of the glass transition temperature and a decrease in the elastic modulus. In conclusion, IPM acted as a plasticizer on DURO-TAK (R) 87-2287, and it increased the release of blonanserin and affected the adhesive properties of the PSA. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND