基于YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN的奶牛身体分割方法

奶牛身体部位的精准分割广泛应用于奶牛体况评分、姿态检测、行为分析及体尺测量等领域。受奶牛表面污渍和遮挡等因素的影响,现有奶牛部位精准分割方法实用性较差。本研究在YOLO v8n-seg模型的基础上,加入多尺度融合模块与双向跨尺度加权特征金字塔结构,提出了YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN奶牛身体部位分割模型。其中,多尺度融合模块使模型更好地提取小目标几何特征信息,双向跨尺度加权特征金字塔结构实现了更高层次的特征融合。首先在奶牛运动通道处采集奶牛侧面图像作为数据集,为保证数据集质量,采用结构相似性算法剔除相似图像,共得到1 452幅图像。然后对目标奶牛的前肢、后肢、乳房、尾部、腹部、头部、颈部和躯干8个部位进行标注并输入模型训练。测试结果表明,模型精确率为96.6%,召回率为94.6%,平均精度均值为97.1%,参数量为3.3×10^(6),检测速度为6.2 f/s。各部位精确率在90.3%~98.2%之间,平均精度均值为96.3%。与原始YOLO v8n-seg相比,YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN的精确率提高3.2个百分点,召回率提高2.6个百分点,平均精度均值提高3.1个百分点,改进后的模型在参数量基本保持不变的情况下具有更强的鲁棒性。遮挡情况下该模型检测结果表明,精确率为93.8%,召回率为91.67%,平均精度均值为93.15%。结果表明,YOLO v8n-seg-FCA-BiFPN网络可以准确、快速地实现奶牛身体部位精准分割。

Dysregulation of RNA modification systems in clinical populations with neurocognitive disorders

The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying mechanisms.Methylation of N6 adenosine(m^(6)A)and C5 cytosine(m^(5)C)bases occur on mRNAs,tRNA,mt-tRNA,and rRNA species as well as non-coding RNAs.With emerging knowledge of RNA binding proteins that act as writer,reader,and eraser effector proteins,comes a new understanding of physiological processes controlled by these systems.Such processes when spatiotemporally disrupted within cellular nanodomains in highly specialized tissues such as the brain,give rise to different forms of disease.In this review,we discuss accumulating evidence that changes in the m^(6)A and m^(5)C methylation systems contribute to neurocognitive disorders.Early studies first identified mutations within FMR1 to cause intellectual disability Fragile X syndromes several years before FMR1 was identified as an m^(6)A RNA reader protein.Subsequently,familial mutations within the m^(6)A writer gene METTL5,m^(5)C writer genes NSUN2,NSUN3,NSUN5,and NSUN6,as well as THOC2 and THOC6 that form a protein complex with the m^(5)C reader protein ALYREF,were recognized to cause intellectual development disorders.Similarly,differences in expression of the m^(5)C writer and reader effector proteins,NSUN6,NSUN7,and ALYREF in brain tissue are indicated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease,individuals with a high neuropathological load or have suffered traumatic brain injury.Likewise,an abundance of m^(6)A reader and anti-reader proteins are reported to change across brain regions in Lewy bodies diseases,Alzheimer's disease,and individuals with high cognitive reserve.m^(6)A-modified RNAs are also reported significantly more abundant in dementia with Lewy bodies brain tissue but significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease tissue,whilst modified RNAs are misplaced within diseased cells,particularly where synapses are located.In parahippocampal brain tissue,m^(6)A modification is enriched in transcripts associated with psychiatric disorders including conditions with clear cognitive deficits.These findings indicate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms are influenced by RNA methylation systems that can cause neuronal and synaptic dysfunction underlying neurocognitive disorders.Targeting these RNA modification systems brings new prospects for neural regenerative therapies.

Legume green manure can intensify the function of chemical nitrogen fertilizer substitution via increasing nitrogen supply and uptake of wheat

Achieving the green development of agriculture requires the reduction of chemical nitrogen(N)fertilizer input.Previous studies have confirmed that returning green manure to the field is an effective measure to improve crop yields while substituting partial chemical N fertilizer.However,it remains unclear how to further intensify the substituting function of green manure and elucidate its underlying agronomic mechanism.In a split-plot field experiment in spring wheat,different green manures returned to the field under reduced chemical N supply was established in an oasis area since 2018,in order to investigate the effect of green manure and reduced N on grain yield,N uptake,N use efficiency(NUE),N nutrition index,soil organic matter,and soil N of wheat in 2020-2022.Our results showed that mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch can substitute 40%of chemical N fertilizer without reducing grain yield or N accumulation.Noteworthily,mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch under reduced N by 20%showed the highest N agronomy efficiency and recovery efficiency,which were 92.0%and 46.0%higher than fallow after wheat harvest and conventional N application rate,respectively.The increase in NUE of wheat was mainly attributed to mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch,which increased N transportation quantity and transportation rate at pre-anthesis,enhanced N harvest index,optimized N nutrition index,and increased activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase of leaf,respectively.Meanwhile,mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch under reduced N by 20%improved soil organic matter and N contents.Therefore,mixed sown common vetch and hairy vetch can substitute 40%of chemical N fertilizer while maintaining grain yield and N accumulation,and it combined with reduced chemical N by 20%or 40%improved NUE of wheat via enhancing N supply and uptake.

Continuous synthesis of N,N-dicyanoethylaniline in microreactors:Reaction kinetics and process intensification

Cyanoethylation of phenylamine is one of the important steps for the production of dicyanoethyl-based disperse dyes.However,the exothermic nature of this reaction and the inherent instability of intermittent dynamic operation pose challenges in achieving both high safety and reaction efficiency.In this study,a continuous cyanoethylation of phenylamine for synthesizing N,N-dicyanoethylaniline in a microreactor system has been developed.By optimizing the reaction conditions,the reaction time was significantly reduced from over 2 h in batch operation to approximately 14 min in the microreactor,while high conversion and selectivity were maintained.Based on the reaction network constructed,the reaction kinetics was established,and the kinetic parameters were then determined.These findings provide valuable insights into a controllable cyanoethylation reaction,which would be helpful for the design of efficient processes and optimization of reactors.

Modulation of host N6-methyladenosine modification by gut microbiota in colorectal cancer

As a research hotspot in the field of molecular biology,N6-methyladenosine(m6A)modification has made progress in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),leukemia and other cancers.Numerous studies have demonstrated that the tumour microenvironment(TME)regulates the level of m6A modification in the host and activates a series of complex epigenetic signalling pathways through interactions with CRC cells,thus affecting the progression and prognosis of CRC.However,with the diversity in the composition of TME factors,this action is reci-procal and complex.Encouragingly,some studies have experimentally revealed that the intestinal flora can alter CRC cell proliferation by directly acting on m6A and thereby altering CRC cell proliferation.This review summarizes the data,supporting the idea that the intestinal flora can influence host m6A levels through pathways such as methyl donor metabolism and thus affect the progression of CRC.We also review the role of m6A modification in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic assessment of CRC and discuss the current status,limitations,and potential clinical value of m6A modification in this field.We propose that additional in-depth research on m6A alterations in CRC patients and their TME-related targeted therapeutic issues will lead to better therapeutic outcomes for CRC patients.

High temperature treatment induced production of unreduced 2n pollen in Camellia oleifera

Unreduced gametes through chromosome doubling play a major role in the process of plant polyploidization.Our previous work confirmed that Camellia oleifera can produce natural 2n pollen,and it is possible to induce the 2n pollen formation by high temperature treatment.This study focused on the optimization of the 2n pollen induction technique and the mechanisms of high temperature-induced2n pollen formation in C.oleifera.We found that the optimal protocol for inducing 2n pollen via high temperature was to perform 45℃with4 h at the prophaseⅠstage of the pollen mother cells(PMCs).Meanwhile,high temperature significantly decreased the yield and fertility of2n pollen.Through the observation of meiosis,abnormal chromosome and cytological behaviour was discovered under high-temperature treatment,and we confirmed that the formation of 2n pollen is caused by abnormal cell plate.Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis,fifteen hub genes related to cell cycle control were identified.After male flower buds were exposed to heat shock,polygalacturonase gene(CoPGX3)was significantly upregulated.We inferred that high temperature causes the CoPGX3 gene to be overexpressed and that CoPGX3 is redistributed into the cytosol where it degrades cytoplasmic pectin,which leads to an abnormal cell plate.Furthermore,abnormal cytokinesis resulted in the formation of dyads and triads,and PMCs divided to produce 2n pollen.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of 2n pollen induced by high temperature in a woody plant and lay a foundation for further ploidy breeding of C.oleifera.

Advances of N6-methyladenosine modification on circular RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is a reversible epigenetic modification, which is one of the most abundant modifiers in eukaryotic cells and has been commonly reported in messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs. The processing modification of m6A regulates RNA transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation, and plays an important role in the biological process of tumors. Circular RNA, which lacks the 5' cap structure, has been mistakenly regarded as a "junk sequence" generated by accidental shearing during the transcription process. However, it has been found that circRNAs can be involved in tumor invasion and metastasis through microRNAs, binding proteins, translated peptides, and m6A modifications. In this paper, we reviewed the role of m6A modifications in circRNA regulation and their functions in hepatocellular carcinoma and discussed their potential clinical applications and future development in this field.

Learning Sequential and Structural Dependencies Between Nucleotides for RNA N6-Methyladenosine Site Identification

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is an important RNA methylation modification involved in regulating diverse biological processes across multiple species.Hence,the identification of m6A modification sites provides valuable insight into the biological mechanisms of complex diseases at the post-transcriptional level.Although a variety of identification algorithms have been proposed recently,most of them capture the features of m6A modification sites by focusing on the sequential dependencies of nucleotides at different positions in RNA sequences,while ignoring the structural dependencies of nucleotides in their threedimensional structures.To overcome this issue,we propose a cross-species end-to-end deep learning model,namely CR-NSSD,which conduct a cross-domain representation learning process integrating nucleotide structural and sequential dependencies for RNA m6A site identification.Specifically,CR-NSSD first obtains the pre-coded representations of RNA sequences by incorporating the position information into single-nucleotide states with chaos game representation theory.It then constructs a crossdomain reconstruction encoder to learn the sequential and structural dependencies between nucleotides.By minimizing the reconstruction and binary cross-entropy losses,CR-NSSD is trained to complete the task of m6A site identification.Extensive experiments have demonstrated the promising performance of CR-NSSD by comparing it with several state-of-the-art m6A identification algorithms.Moreover,the results of cross-species prediction indicate that the integration of sequential and structural dependencies allows CR-NSSD to capture general features of m6A modification sites among different species,thus improving the accuracy of cross-species identification.

血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平与急性左心衰竭患者预后的相关性

目的:探讨血清内皮素1(ET-1)、N端-B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)水平与急性左心衰竭(AHF)患者预后的相关性。方法:纳入AHF患者作为研究对象(AHF组,n=108);另纳入同期健康体检者为对照(对照组,n=100)。受试者均进行血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平检测。根据随访1年患者是否发生心血管不良事件,将患者分为预后不良组(n=50)与预后良好组(n=58)。使用Logistic回归模型分析AHF患者预后的相关因素,并使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标对预后的预测能力。结果:AHF组血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),且随着心功能分级提高,患者血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平逐渐增高(P<0.05)。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平均更高(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,血清NT-proBNP(OR=1.273)、ET-1(OR=1.365)、HIF-1α(OR=1.670)是AHF患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平对于患者预后不良均有一定预测能力(AUC=0.751、0.730、0.744),三者联合的AUC为0.862,高于单一指标的诊断效能(P<0.05)。结论:血清ET-1、NT-proBNP、HIF-1α水平与AHF患者心功能分级及预后均存在相关性,三者均可作为预后参考指标,联合应用可提高对预后不良的预测能力。

Long non-coding RNA GATA6-AS1 is mediated by N6-methyladenosine methylation and inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Through experimental research on the biological function of GATA6-AS1,it was confirmed that GATA6-AS1 can inhibit the proliferation,invasion,and migration of gastric cancer cells,suggesting that GATA6-AS1 plays a role as an anti-oncogene in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.Further experi-ments confirmed that the overexpression of fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)inhibited the expression of GATA6-AS1,thereby promoting the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the effects of GATA6-AS1 on the proliferation,invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism of action.METHODS We used bioinformatics methods to analyze the Cancer Genome Atlas(https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/.The Cancer Genome Atlas)and download expression data for GATA6-AS1 in gastric cancer tissue and normal tissue.We also constructed a GATA6-AS1 lentivirus overexpression vector which was transfected into gastric cancer cells to investigate its effects on proliferation,migration and invasion,and thereby clarify the expression of GATA6-AS1 in gastric cancer and its biological role in the genesis and development of gastric cancer.Next,we used a database(http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/starbase2/)to analysis GATA6-AS1 whether by m6A methylation modify regulation and predict the methyltransferases that may methylate GATA6-AS1.Furthermore,RNA immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that GATA6-AS1 was able to bind to the m6A methylation modification enzyme.These data allowed us to clarify the ability of m6A methylase to influence the action of GATA6-AS1 and its role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.RESULTS Low expression levels of GATA6-AS1 were detected in gastric cancer.We also determined the effects of GATA6-AS1 overexpression on the biological function of gastric cancer cells.GATA6-AS1 had strong binding ability with the m6A demethylase FTO,which was expressed at high levels in gastric cancer and negatively correlated with the expression of GATA6-AS1.Following transfection with siRNA to knock down the expression of FTO,the expression levels of GATA6-AS1 were up-regulated.Finally,the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were all inhibited following the knockdown of FTO expression.CONCLUSION During the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,the overexpression of FTO may inhibit the expression of GATA6-AS1,thus promoting the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Synthesis and Characterization of Phenyl Camellia oleifera Seed Oil Ester Plasticizing PVC

Plasticizers are essential additives in the processing of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),with phthalate plasticizers being widely used.However,these conventional plasticizers have been shown to be harmful to human health and environmentally unfriendly,necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly bio-based alternatives.In this study,Camellia oleifera seed oil,a specialty resource in China,was utilized as a raw material and reacted with 4,4′-Methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline)(AG-80)to synthesize Phenyl Camellia seed Oil Ester(PCSOE).PCSOE was employed as a plasticizer to prepare modified PVC films with varying concentrations,with the conventional plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP)serving as a control.Experimental results demonstrate that PSCOE-plasticized PVC films exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity,tensile strength,and thermal stability compared to DOP-modified PVC films.The contact angle of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 66.26°to 78.48°,which is generally lower than the contact angle of DOP-modified PVC films at 78.40°,indicating improved hydrophilicity due to the modification with PCSOE.The tensile strength of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 17.73 to 20.17 MPa,all surpassing the value of 16.41 MPa for DOP-modified PVC films.Moreover,the temperatures corresponding to 5%,10%,and 50%weight loss for PVC samples modified with PCSOE are higher than those for DOP.Hence,PCSOE presents a viable alternative to DOP as a plasticizer for PVC materials.

IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ在甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患儿血清中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系研究

目的 研究白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)在甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患儿血清中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系。方法 选取40例甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患儿作为观察组,另选取体检健康儿童40例作为对照组。所有研究对象均行酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ水平。比较两组IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ表达水平;比较IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ单一检测与联合检测对甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断效能;比较观察组不同预后(痊愈、有效、无效)患儿IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ表达水平。结果 观察组IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ表达水平分别为(32.56±3.72)pg/ml、(15.80±3.36)pg/ml、(12.15±3.13)μg/L,均高于对照组的(6.39±1.05)pg/ml、(4.35±0.50)pg/ml、(3.61±0.42)μg/L(P<0.05)。IL-1β对甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断灵敏度为80.00%,特异度为77.50%;IL-6对甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断灵敏度为75.00%,特异度为77.50%;IFN-γ对甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断灵敏度为77.50%,特异度为80.00%;联合检测对甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断灵敏度为95.00%,特异度为55.00%;联合检测对甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断灵敏度均高于IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ单一检测,特异度低于IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ单一检测(P<0.05)。观察组患儿治疗后痊愈18例,有效17例,无效5例。其中痊愈患儿IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ表达水平均低于有效及无效患儿,有效患儿IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ表达水平均低于无效患儿(P<0.05)。结论 IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ与甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患儿病情有关,上述指标对判断患儿预后有着重要价值。

Humic Acid Effects on Reducing Corn Leaf Burn Caused by Foliar Spray of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate at Different Humic Acid/Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Ratios

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

Identification of Microorganisms in Poultry Farms in N’djamena and the Border Areas of Hadjer-Lamis and Chari-Baguirmi Chad

Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 M’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. Method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. Sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method NF EN ISO 6579 for Salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and Salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. Nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.

金属有机骨架(ZIF-8@ZIF-67)衍生的Co/N共掺杂碳基催化剂在氧还原反应(ORR)中的应用

在燃料电池中,碳基氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂被认为是昂贵的铂基催化剂的潜在替代品。近年来,由过渡金属和氮原子共掺杂的碳基材料(M-N-C)以其低成本和优异的活性而受到研究人员的广泛关注。在此,通过精心设计的杨桃状MOF (ZIF-8@ZIF-67)为前驱体,采用简单的一步热解法制备钴、氮共掺杂多孔炭材料(命名为Co-N@CNT-C800)。CoN@CNT-C800产生了大量碳纳米管(CNT),独特的三维结构保证了较高的比表面积和孔隙率,有利于ORR的传质和电子传递。同时,Co-N@CNT-C800在碱性介质中表现出优异的半波电位和极限电流密度,分别为0.841 V和5.07 m A·cm^(-2)。此外,与商用Pt/C材料相比,Co-N@CNT-C800还表现出优异的电化学稳定性和耐甲醇毒性。该策略为制备低成本、高活性的能量转换电催化剂提供了一种有效的方法。

N6-甲基腺苷相关调节因子与骨关节炎:生物信息学和实验验证分析

背景:越来越多证据表明N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)调节因子与骨关节炎密切相关,被认为是防治骨关节炎新方向,但具体作用机制不明。目的:通过对骨关节炎基因芯片数据集进行生物信息学分析,探讨m6A对骨关节炎的作用,解析骨关节炎发病机制。方法:首先利用R软件提取GEO数据库中GSE1919数据集中骨关节炎相关m6A调节因子及其表达量,进而对提取结果行基因差异分析及GO、KEGG富集分析;接着对PPI网络拓扑学分析结果和机器学习结果取交集得到m6A关键调节因子,并通过体外细胞实验验证。结果与结论:①提取得到16个骨关节炎相关m6A调节因子表达量,通过差异分析获得ZC3H13、YTHDC1、YTHDF3、HNRNPC等11个m6A差异调节因子;②GO富集分析显示,骨关节炎相关m6A差异调节因子在生物过程中主要于mRNA转运、RNA分解代谢、胰岛素样生长因子受体信号通路调控等发挥作用;③KEGG富集分析显示,差异调节因子主要参与p53、白细胞介素17和AMPK信号通路;④综合PPI网络拓扑学分析和机器学习结果获得m6A关键调节因子——YTHDC1;⑤体外细胞实验结果表明,m6A关键调节因子——YTHDC1在对照组与骨关节炎组中表达存在显著差异(P<0.05);⑥结果显示,YTHDC1与骨关节炎发生发展密切相关,有望成为m6A治疗骨关节炎的分子靶点。

基于改进COF-YOLO v8n的油茶果静态与动态检测计数方法

针对自然环境下油茶果存在严重遮挡、近景色、小目标等现象,使用YOLO网络存在检测精度低、漏检现象严重等问题,提出对YOLO v8n网络进行改进。首先使用MPDIOU作为YOLO v8n的损失函数,有效解决因为果实重叠导致的漏检问题;其次调整网络,向其中加入小目标检测层,使网络能够关注小目标油茶以及被树叶遮挡的油茶;最后使用SCConv作为特征提取网络,既能兼顾检测精度又能兼顾检测速度。改进COF-YOLO v8n网络精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别达到97.7%、97%、99%,比未改进的YOLO v8n分别提高3.2、4.8、2.4个百分点,其中严重遮挡情况下油茶检测精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别达到95.9%、95%、98.5%,分别比YOLO v8n提高4.0、9.1、4.6个百分点。因此改进后COF-YOLO v8n网络能够明显提高油茶在严重遮挡、近景色、小目标均存在情况下的识别精度,减小油茶的漏检。此外,模型能够实现动、静态输入条件下油茶果计数。动态计数借鉴DeepSORT算法的多目标跟踪思想,将改进后COF-YOLO v8n的识别输出作为DeepSORT的输入,实现油茶果实的追踪计数。所得改进模型具有很好的鲁棒性,且模型简单可以嵌入到边缘设备中,不仅可用于指导自动化采收,还可用于果园产量估计,为果园物流分配提供可靠借鉴。

莫来石-Ti(C,N)复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

以TiO_(2)粉、石墨粉、Al/Si/Al_(2)O_(3)复合粉体为原料,在氮气气氛下经1400℃~1600℃保温2 h,采用碳热还原氮化法制备得到莫来石-Ti(C,N)复合材料,研究了烧成温度对复合材料物相组成、微观结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明:经1400℃热处理后,试样的物相组成为Ti(C,N)、SiO_(2)和硅线石。随热处理温度升高至1450℃~1600℃,硅线石消失的同时,试样出现了短柱状莫来石,并与无定形SiO_(2)紧密连接,形成有效的化学结合。当烧成温度为1500℃时,大量开口气孔随颗粒重排、界面移动而消失,材料颗粒间结合较为紧密,气孔数量明显减少,该烧成温度下试样具有最佳综合性能,其体积密度、弹性模量、抗折强度和维氏硬度分别为(3.48±0.02) g·cm-3、(138.5±0.1) GPa、(158.0±0.03) MPa和(21.01±0.01) GPa。

探讨基于核心指标集构建中医特色的射血分数保留心力衰竭1+N模式疗效评价体系

核心指标集是就某一特定研究领域达成的所有临床研究都应该测量和报告的最少的临床结局,核心指标集可以提高临床疗效评价的规范性和可比性,是循证医学发展的必然、是中医药临床疗效评价的重要抓手、是推动中医药疗效评价与国际接轨的关键。如何运用核心指标集实现临床疗效国际化、标准化的同时,又能遵循中医诊疗特点体现自身优势是中医临床疗效评价的难点。针对这一难点,项目组创新性地提出了1+N模式的射血分数保留心衰(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF)疗效评价体系,即通用的核心指标集“1”+个性化指标集“N”,以满足循证医学和中医学疗效评价的双重需求。本文初探HFpEF疗效评价构建模式,主张在规范化基础上体现多样化和个性化的研究目的需求。结合HFpEF临床疗效评价的现状,综合业内专家意见,探讨了HFpEF 1+N模式疗效评价构建中核心指标集“1”的取舍以及“N”体系的构建思路,以期最大程度的形成符合中医药特色的临床评价体系新范式,推动中医药国际化进程。

左西孟旦联合心脉隆对冠心病心力衰竭患者血清VEGF、TGF-β、NT-pro BNP检测的分析

目的 研究左西孟旦联合心脉隆治疗冠心病心力衰竭患者的疗效及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、N末端脑钠肽原(N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)水平变化。方法 以2018年1月至2020年12月本院收治的80例冠心病致心衰患者为本次研究对象,采取随机数字表法将患者分为2组,40例为对照组接受左西孟旦治疗,40例为观察组接受左西孟旦联合注射用心脉隆治疗,比较两组疗效、心功能及VEGF、TGF-β、NT-proBNP水平。结果 观察组治疗2周后总有效率为92.50%,明显高于对照组治疗2周后的总有效率75.00%(P<0.05);观察组治疗2周后LVEF水平高于对照组,LVDD、LVSD水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗2周后LVEF水平高于治疗前,LVDD、LVSD水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05)。观察组治疗2周后VEGF、TGF-β水平高于对照组,NT-proBNP水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗2周后VEGF、TGF-β水平高于治疗前,NT-proBNP水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论 经左西孟旦联合心脉隆治疗可较单一应用左西孟旦治疗获得更高的疗效,患者心功能改善更明显,能更有效改善VEGF、TGF-β、NT-proBNP水平。