Vacancy defect MoSeTe embedded in N and F co-doped carbon skeleton for high performance sodium ion batteries and hybrid capacitors

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and hybrid capacitors(SIHCs) have garnered significant attention in energy storage due to their inherent advantages,including high energy density,cost-effectiveness,and enhanced safety.However,developing high-performance anode materials to improve sodium storage performa nce still remains a major challenge.Here,a facile one-pot method has been developed to fabricate a hybrid of MoSeTe nanosheets implanted within the N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton(MoSeTe/N,F@C).Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of large-sized Te atoms into MoSeTe nanosheets enlarges the layer spacing and creates abundant anion vacancies,which effectively facilitate the insertion/extraction of Na^(+) and provide numerous ion adsorption sites for rapid surface capacitive behavior.Additionally,the heteroatoms N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton with a highly conductive network can restrain the volume expansion and boost reaction kinetics within the electrode.As anticipated,the MoSeTe/N,F@C anode exhibits high reversible capacities along with exceptional cycle stability.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(NVPF@C) to form SIB full cells,the anode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 126 mA h g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,when combined with AC to form SIHC full cells,the anode demonstrates excellent cycling stability with a reversible specific capacity of50 mA h g^(-1) keeping over 3700 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).In situ XRD,ex situ TEM characterization,and theoretical calculations(DFT) further confirm the reversibility of sodium storage in MoSeTe/N,F@C anode materials during electrochemical reactions,highlighting their potential for widespread practical application.This work provides new insights into the promising utilization of advanced transition metal dichalcogenides as anode materials for Na^(+)-based energy storage devices.

Microbial synthesis of N, P co-doped carbon supported PtCu catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing highly efficient and stable platinum-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is critical to expediting commercialization of fuel cells.Herein,several PtCu alloy nanocatalysts supported on N,P co-doped carbon(PtCu/NPC) were prepared by microbial-sorption and carbonization-reduction.Among them,PtCu/NPC-700 ℃ exhibits excellent catalytic performance for ORR with a mass activity of 0.895 A mg_(pt)^(-1)(@0.9 V) which is 8.29 folds of commercial Pt/C.Additionally,the ECSA and MA of PtCu/NPC-700℃ only decrease by 14.2% and 18.7% respectively,while Pt/C decreases by 35.2% and 52.8% after 10,000 cycles of ADT test.Moreover,the PtCu/NPC-700℃ catalyst emanates a maximum power density of 715 mW cm^(-2) and only 11.1% loss of maximum power density after 10,000 ADTs in single-cell test,indicating PtCu/NPC-700℃ also manifests higher activity and durability in actual single-cell operation than Pt/C.This research provides an easy and novel strategy for developing highly active and durable Pt-based alloy catalyst.

Mn18Cr18N加压冶炼的氮含量精准控制工艺分析与实验

高氮不锈钢中氮含量的精准控制是生产关键控制要素。以Mn18Cr18N高氮钢为研究对象,利用冶金学原理、Factsage热力学软件及热态实验与检测分析等方法,对加压感应熔炼过程钢种成分、温度及氮气压力与氮含量控制的关系进行研究。结果表明,基于理论数据的“成分-温度-压力”关系方程可信度高,3炉实验的氮气压力理论值、预测值与实际控制值吻合度良好。热态实验验证发现,Mn和Cr含量不变时,依靠提高氮分压可以提高钢锭中N含量,但是w[N]达到约1%时,通过提高氮分压增加氮含量的效果降低。Mn或Cr含量低时,可以通过提高氮分压达到提高氮含量的目的。降低钢中C和Si含量有利于钢中高氮含量的合金化及稳定控制。当需要控制Mn18Cr19N钢中的w[N]≥0.8%时,宜控制加压炉熔炼温度在1500~1550℃,氮气压力在0.225~0.325 MPa。

(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)添加对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷结构与性能的影响

在开放体系下采用高温碳管炉制备了(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)粉末,并将其作为添加剂制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机及维氏硬度计等设备研究了(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)添加对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)的添加能够有效细化Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的硬质相晶粒,其中Cr、La元素主要固溶于粘结相,La元素促进了硬质相的溶解–析出过程,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度、硬度以及断裂韧性等力学性能得到明显改善。当添加(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)的质量分数为5.0%时,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的综合力学性能达到最佳,抗弯强度为2002 MPa,维氏硬度为1643 MPa,断裂韧性为11.22 MPa·m^(1/2)。

强化改性研磨时间对12Cr17Mn6Ni5N钢表层特性及拉伸性能的影响

目的提高12Cr17Mn6Ni5N钢焊缝的表层特性及拉伸性能。方法采用单一变量法控制强化改性研磨加工时间,在12Cr17Mn6Ni5N钢表面进行强化改性研磨处理。进行了室温拉伸试验,绘制各样品的应力-应变曲线图,并通过扫描电镜拍摄距离表面30、100、170μm深度附近的断口形貌,分析表层的断裂机理。进一步分析各样品的表面线粗糙度、表层三维形貌、表面微观形貌、强化层厚度、截面显微硬度和表面残余应力。结果与母材相比加工时间从1 min增加至3 min,12Cr17Mn6Ni5N钢表面微观织构越多,拉伸方向和沿焊缝方向的表面粗糙度分别提高到Ra=1.81μm、Ra=1.46μm,三维形貌高度差先增加到34.82μm后减少为31.75μm,表层显微硬度最多提高了104.60%,残余应力提高到–1221.3 MPa,强化层最厚为160μm。在相同的载荷条件下,加工时间为3 min的样品的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了15.89%和10.17%。在深度30μm附近,加工时间为3 min的样品的断口形貌出现少量韧窝,其他样品都为脆性断裂,其中母材样品为全解离脆性断裂;深度100μm附近,母材样品仍为脆性断裂,加工时间为1 min和2 min的样品都为混合断裂,加工时间为3 min的样品为韧性断裂且出现较深的大韧窝和深韧窝。结论强化改性研磨可以有效改善12Cr17Mn6Ni5N钢焊缝的表层特性,获得高硬度、高残余应力和组织致密的厚强化层,进而提高屈服强度和抗拉强度。

13Cr15Ni4Mo3N半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢连续冷却过程中的相变动力学

采用淬火相变膨胀仪研究了13Cr15Ni4Mo3N半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢连续冷却过程的相变动力学行为。用改进的K-M方程准确描述了马氏体相变量与温度的关系。结果表明:实验钢的特征温度Ac1和Ac3分别为600和720℃;1040℃奥氏体化后以任意冷速冷却仅发生马氏体相变,冷速为100℃/s时测得的马氏体相变开始温度Ms为99℃,相变结束温度Mf为-75℃。在冷速≥1℃/s时,晶格膨胀法和杠杆法计算得到的马氏体相变量结果相近,而冷速<1℃/s时,晶格膨胀法计算得到的马氏体转变量大于杠杆法计算得到的马氏体转变量。在相变动力学参数α取值0.03258时,K-M方程可简单方便地描述实验钢的马氏体相变动力学过程,但对相变初期的转变量预测精度较低;改进的K-M方程在考虑α随温度变化时,可较准确地预测马氏体转变量。

CO_(2)驱油井环境下N80钢与3Cr13钢的电偶腐蚀行为

N80钢与3Cr13钢常作为油管和水力锚等的材料使用,在CO_(2)驱油井环境中不可避免偶接使用易产生电偶腐蚀。为此,通过开展CO_(2)环境下N80钢和3Cr13钢的腐蚀速率试验和电偶腐蚀试验,明确了CO_(2)含量、温度、压力和矿化度等因素作用下2种钢的电偶腐蚀规律。结果表明:CO_(2)驱油井中2种钢产生电偶腐蚀,3Cr13钢为阴极,且不受电偶腐蚀影响,N80钢为阳极,电偶腐蚀速率增大;且N80钢的电偶腐蚀速率随CO_(2)含量、温度、压力和矿化度的增大而增大;电偶腐蚀敏感因子随CO_(2)含量和压力增大而减小,当CO_(2)含量达到20.0%时电偶腐蚀敏感因子为负值,随温度升高先减小后增大,随矿化度增加而增大,电偶腐蚀速率最大可高于常规腐蚀69%。

Ultralong nitrogen/sulfur Co-doped carbon nano-hollowsphere chains with encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles for highly efficient oxygen electrocatalysis

The development of simple and effective strategies to prepare electrocatalysts,which possess unique and stable structures comprised of metal/nonmetallic atoms for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),is currently an urgent issue.Herein,an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst featured by ultralong N,S-doped carbon nano-hollow-sphere chains about 1300 nm with encapsulated Co nanoparticles(Co-CNHSCs)is developed.The multifunctional catalytic properties of Co together with the heteroatom-induced charge redistribution(i.e.,modulating the electronic structure of the active site)result in superior catalytic activities toward OER and ORR in alkaline media.The optimized catalyst Co-CNHSC-3 displays an outstanding electrocatalytic ability for ORR and OER,a high specific capacity of 1023.6 mAh gZn^(-1),and excellent reversibility after 80 h at 10mA cm^(-2)in a Zn-air battery system.This work presents a new strategy for the design and synthesis of efficient multifunctional carbon-based catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices.

磁控溅射镀膜技术在(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层上的应用

过渡金属氮化物硬质涂层在切削刀具、精密模具和机械零部件等领域有着广泛的应用。随着切削技术的进步和难加工材料的增多,硬质涂层已由传统的二元涂层向着三元、四元涂层不断发展。(Cr,Ti,Al)N四元涂层因其优异的综合性能而备受研究人员的关注。本文从磁控溅射镀膜的基本原理和技术特点出发,介绍了制备(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层常见的磁控溅射镀膜技术,分析了采用单质靶与合金靶沉积镀膜的效果及其各自的优缺点,研究了磁控溅射工艺参数对(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层机械性能的影响,最后讨论了(Cr,Ti,Al)N梯度涂层的作用及其制备方法。本文可为设计(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层制备工艺、改善(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层性能提供理论参考与指导。

Construction of N,O co-doped carbon anchored with Co nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for furfural hydrodeoxygenation in ethanol

Hydrodeoxygenation of furfural(FF)into 2-methylfuran(MF)is a significant biomass utilization route.However,designing efficient and stable non-noble metal catalyst is still a huge challenge.Herein,we reported the N,O co-doped carbon anchored with Co nanoparticles(Co-SFB)synthesized by employing the organic ligands with the target heteroatoms.Raman,electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations showed that the co-doping of N and O heteroatoms in the carbon support endows Co-SFB with enriched lone pair electrons,fast electron transfer ability,and strong metal-support interaction.These electronic properties resulted in strong FF adsorption as well as lower apparent reaction activation energy.At last,the obtained N,O co-doped Co/C catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity(nearly 100 mol%FF conversion and 94.6 mol%MF yield)and stability for in-situ dehydrogenation of FF into MF.This N,O co-doping strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient catalytic materials with controllable electronic state will provide an excellent opportunity to better understand the structure-function relationship.

Effect of(Cr,V)_(2)(C,N)on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC-10Co Cemented Carbides

WC-10Co cemented carbides with finer WC and narrower grain size distributions are produced by using(Cr,V)_(2)(C,N)as grain growth inhibitors.As a result,with the increase of(Cr_(0.9),V_(0.1))_(2)(C,N)and(V_(0.9),Cr_(0.1))_(2)(C,N),the grains size of WC and mean free path of Co phase decrease,and adjacency of WC increases.Refinement and homogenization of grains enhance the transverse rupture strength(TRS)and the hardness.Meanwhile,the deflection and bridging of cracks keep the fracture toughness at a respectable level.The WC-10Co-0.6(Cr_(0.9),V_(0.1))_(2)(C,N)-0.025(V_(0.9),Cr_(0.1))_(2)(C,N)cemented carbides exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties with the TRS of 4602.6 MPa,hardness of 1835 kg/mm^(2),and fracture toughness of 10.39 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.However,the large pores are caused by excess N larger than 0.03 wt%and deteriorates the mechanical properties.We provide a new approach to WC-Co cemented carbides preparation with a narrow grain size distribution by adding novel grain growth inhibitors.

AOD法冶炼护环用奥氏体不锈钢1Mn18Cr18N

通过对1Mn18Cr18N护环钢中氮的溶解度进行热力学计算分析,发现增加钢水中Cr、Mn的含量,能够显著提高氮的溶解度。同时,随着钢水温度的降低,氮的溶解度也会提高。阐述了采用非真空感应炉和电弧炉、AOD与LF精炼等冶炼工艺生产1Mn18Cr18N护环钢的过程,并利用底吹氮气进行合金化处理,缩短了生产时间,同时成分控制也相当稳定。在使用AOD精炼底吹氮气进行合金化时,钢水中氮含量可达到0.547%,氮的溶解度趋于饱和。LF精炼过程在使用氮气底吹和含氮合金的情况下,钢中氮含量可达0.68%。

Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped activated carbon induces high density Cu^(+)active center for acetylene hydrochlorination

This work aims to solve the problems of low reaction activity of Cu-based catalysts and agglomeration of active centers in acetylene hydrochlorination.Cu-based catalysts supported by NAP co-doped activated carbon(AC)with different content(mCu-xNP/AC)were manufactured and applied in the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.It was found that the doping of carriers N and P induced the transformation of Cu^(2+)to Cu^(+),and the catalytic activity was markedly improved.Under the optimal reaction temperature of 220℃,the gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of C_(2)H_(2)was 90 h^(-1)and V_(HCl):V_(C_(2)H_(2))was 1.15.The initial activity of the 5%Cu-30 NP/AC catalyst reached 95.59%.Through some characterization methods showed the addition of N and P improved the dispersion of Cu in carbon,which increased the ratio of Cu^+/Cu^(2+).The measurement results confirmed that the chemisorption capacity of mCu-xNP/AC for C_(2)H_(2)decreased slightly,and the chemisorption capacity for HCl increased significantly,which was the reason for the increased activity of the catalyst.The conclusion provides a reference for the development of acetylene hydrochlorination Cu catalyst.

高强无磁不锈钢Cr21Ni13Mn5Mo2N的热加工特性

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟机对奥氏体不锈钢Cr21Ni13Mn5Mo2N进行热压缩实验,研究该钢种的高温变形与应变速率以及温度的关系,建立了双曲正弦本构方程,最终得到其热激活能为679.58 kJ/mol,应变速率因子Z=εexp(679580/R T)。实验结果表明,在950~1200℃,0.01~10 s^(-1)条件内,材料变形过程均发生动态再结晶,在950℃,应变速率为0.1 s^(-1)条件下,再结晶开始的变形量为10%。流变应力随温度升高及应变速率降低呈现明显下降趋势,由950℃、10 s^(-1)时的326 MPa降低至1200℃、0.01 s^(-1)时的75 MPa。结合微观组织分析及锻造试验,对压缩试样开裂问题进行深入探究,结果表明晶界处碳、氧化物的聚集恶化晶界塑性,导致热变形过程中在该处形成裂纹源并逐步扩展。通过热处理和热变形试验,确定Cr21Ni13Mn5Mo2N电渣锭在1170℃固溶6 h后晶界碳、氧化物消除,电渣锭晶界处结合力明显提升,成功消除锻造开裂问题,实现锻造成材率大幅提升。

热处理对1Cr15Ni4Mo3N不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响

对1Cr15Ni4Mo3N试验钢进行1050℃×1.5 h固溶、-73℃×2 h冷处理后,再进行不同温度、保温3 h的时效处理,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、万能试验机、冲击试验机等检测方法研究了时效温度对试验钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢固溶、冷处理后,经460℃×3 h时效,其抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率均达到峰值,经580℃×3 h时效的试验钢冲击功达到峰值。460℃×3 h时效的试验钢组织为含有高密度位错的板条马氏体和残余奥氏体,540℃×3 h时效试验钢的马氏体板条特征有所减弱,620℃×3 h时效试验钢中逆转变奥氏体含量明显增加。

冷轧变形量对00Cr22Ni5Mo3N钢组织与力学性能的影响

对固溶态00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢进行了40%~70%不同变形量的冷轧变形。采用SEM、XRD、硬度测试和拉伸试验等方法,研究了不同变形量冷轧对钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:经1100℃×30 min固溶处理的00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢组织为α铁素体和γ奥氏体的两相组织。随着冷轧变形量的增加,试验钢中铁素体与奥氏体相区均沿着冷轧方向被不断拉长变细,组织越来越细化,奥氏体越来越多的转变为形变马氏体。固溶态钢冷轧后,硬度与强度明显提升,塑性显著下降。随着冷轧变形量的增加,钢的硬度、强度不断提高,伸长率不断下降。70%冷轧的试验钢的硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度均达到最大值,分别为470.4 HV、1447.5 MPa、1195.8 MPa。

30Cr15Mo1N高氮不锈轴承钢组织结构表征与旋弯疲劳机制

高氮不锈轴承钢凭借高强度、高硬度、长寿命和优良的耐腐蚀性成为新型轴承材料研发热点。采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验等方法研究了热处理工艺对30Cr15Mo1N高氮不锈轴承钢疲劳性能和裂纹萌生机制的影响。结果表明,试验钢1050℃淬火+180℃回火热处理工艺的抗拉强度为1985.3 MPa、硬度为60.5HRC、疲劳强度为867 MPa,500℃回火后硬度与180℃相当,抗拉强度为2257.6 MPa、疲劳强度为1020 MPa;引起180℃回火试样疲劳裂纹萌生的裂纹源主要为基体和夹杂物两类,而引起500℃回火试样疲劳裂纹萌生的裂纹源通常为边部缺陷。高温回火对基体组织内部应力集中的降低是其裂纹源类型转变和疲劳性能提高的主要原因。通过对高氮不锈轴承钢疲劳行为与裂纹萌生现象的深入研究,为高氮不锈轴承钢热处理工艺制定及抗疲劳机制研究提供试验与理论基础。

00Cr21Mn5Ni1.5N双相不锈钢冷轧工艺研究

采用OM、SEM、铁素体测量仪、维氏硬度计、万能试验机等研究了不同变形量的冷轧工艺对00Cr21Mn5Ni1.5N双相不锈钢微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:热轧态00Cr21Mn5Ni1.5N钢的组织为铁素体和奥氏体双相组织。随着变形量的增加,两相组织沿着冷轧变形方向被拉长,组织中越来越多的奥氏体转变为形变诱导马氏体。当冷轧变形量达到55%时,00Cr21Mn5Ni1.5N钢中奥氏体基本转变为形变诱导马氏体。随着冷轧变形量的增加,00Cr21Mn5Ni1.5N钢的硬度、抗拉强度不断升高,塑性不断下降,强塑积先升高后降低。冷轧态00Cr21Mn5Ni1.5N钢中,变形量20%冷轧的试验钢的强塑积最佳,为15713.2 MPa·%。

Influence of rare earth Ce on hot deformation behavior of as-cast Mn18Cr18N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

The hot deformation behavior of Mn18Cr18N and Mn18Cr18N+Ce high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels at 1173-1473 K and 0.01-1 s^(-1) were investigated by thermal compression tests.The influence mechanism of Ce on the hot deformation behavior was analyzed by Ce-containing inclusions and segregation of Ce.The results show that after the addition of Ce,large,angular,hard,and brittle inclusions(TiN-Al_(2)O_(3),TiN,and Al_(2)O_(3)) can be modified to fine and dispersed Ce-containing inclusions(Ce-Al-O-S and TiN-Ce-Al-O-S).During the solidification,Ce-containing inclusions can be used as heterogeneous nucleation particles to refine as-cast grains.During the hot deformation,Ce-containing inclusions can pin dislocation movement and grain boundary migration,induce dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleation,and avoid the formation and propagation of micro cracks and gaps.In addition,during the solidification,Ce atoms enrich at the front of solid-li-quid interface,resulting in composition supercooling and refining the secondary dendrites.Similarly,during the hot deformation,Ce atoms tend to segregate at the boundaries of DRX grains,inhibiting the growth of grains.Under the synergistic effect of Ce-containing inclusions and Ce segregation,although the hot deformation resistance and hot deformation activation energy are improved,DRX is more likely to occur and the size of DRX grains is significantly refined,and the problem of hot deformation cracking can be alleviated.Finally,the microhardness of the samples was measured.The results show that compared with as-cast samples,the microhardness of hot-deformed samples increases signific-antly,and with the increase of DRX degree,the microhardness decreases continuously.In addition,Ce can affect the microhardness of Mn18Cr18N steel by affecting as-cast and hot deformation microstructures.

冷轧变形量对00Cr17Ni13Mo2N不锈钢组织和硬度的影响

对固溶态00Cr17Ni13Mo2N不锈钢进行了不同变形量的冷轧试验,采用OM、XRD、硬度测试等研究了不同冷轧变形量对不锈钢组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:固溶态00Cr17Ni13Mo2N钢组织为单一奥氏体组织。经不同变形量冷轧后钢发生了形变诱导马氏体相变,随着冷轧变形量的增加,钢中α’-马氏体体积分数逐渐增加,钢的硬度逐渐提高。轧制变形量80%的钢中α’-马氏体体积分数达到了70.6%,硬度达到421 HV,比固溶态试验钢硬度提高了152.1%。