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Gunn器件中畴的静止-渡越-静止模式的实验观察和计算机模拟
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作者 王守武 郑一阳 +1 位作者 郗小林 张进昌 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS 1983年第4期321-333,共13页
本文讨论在GaAs n^+-n-n^+夹层结构的Cunn器件中畴的静止-渡越-静止模式,进行了实验观察和计算机模拟,指出在超过阈值的偏置电压下,当畴的耗尽层进入阳极附近的高掺杂区后,会逐渐停止下来形成准静态畴,这时畴外电场达到最大值.如果这时... 本文讨论在GaAs n^+-n-n^+夹层结构的Cunn器件中畴的静止-渡越-静止模式,进行了实验观察和计算机模拟,指出在超过阈值的偏置电压下,当畴的耗尽层进入阳极附近的高掺杂区后,会逐渐停止下来形成准静态畴,这时畴外电场达到最大值.如果这时阴极凹口仍不能形成新畴,则准静态畴将进一步调整成为真正的静止畴,而畴外电场也将由最大值下降到一个与偏压无关的固定值.经过理论分析,得到了静止畴所固有的与外加偏压无关的畴外电场与有源区掺杂浓度的关系式,并和计算机模拟的结果相比较,得到很好的符合.如果偏压的增加使准静态畴所对应的畴外电场最大值已经足够使阴极凹口形成新的畴,则静止畴将转变为渡越畴.如果偏压继续增加,使积累层尾部覆盖了阴极凹口,则畴会再次静止下来,直到偏压增加到畴发生雪崩为止.计算和实验表明,后一个静止区的电压变化范围要比前一个大得多.本文还讨论了两个转变电压和温度的关系及扩散系数对静止畴的影响. 展开更多
关键词 The TRAnSFORMATIOnS between stationary and TRAnSIT DOMAInS in a GUnn device which has n^+-n-n^+ SAnDWICH structure with doping gradient near the anode are investigated.Experimental observation computer simulation carried out.When th
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Model of Universe as Described by Dynamic Universe Model
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作者 Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta 《Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation》 2019年第1期41-78,共38页
In this paper we will see the model of Universe according to Dynamic Universe Model of Cosmology by visualizing various processes that are happening in the Universe as per experimental evidences. For simplifying the m... In this paper we will see the model of Universe according to Dynamic Universe Model of Cosmology by visualizing various processes that are happening in the Universe as per experimental evidences. For simplifying the matter here, we will see in part 1: about the Galaxy life cycle, where the birth and death of Galaxies discussed. Probably Universe gives guidance for the movement of Galaxies. We call this Part 1: Thinking and Reproducing Universe or Mindless Universe? (Galaxy life cycle). We see every day Sun, Stars, Galaxies etc., dissipating enormous energy in the form of radiation by the way of fusion of Hydrogen to helium. So after sometime all the Hydrogen is spent and Universe will die, is it not? … Dynamic Universe Model says that the energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation passing grazingly near any gravitating mass changes in frequency and finally will convert into neutrinos (mass). Hence Dynamic Universe Model proposes another process where energy will be converted back into matter and the cycle energy to mass to energy continues, sustaining the Universe to maintain this present status for ever in this form something like a Steady state model without any expansion. This we will see in Part 2: Energy - Mass - Energy Cycle. After converting energy into mass “how various elements are formed and where they are formed?” will be next logical question. Dynamic Universe Model says that these various particles change into higher massive particles or may get bombarded into stars or planets and various elements are formed. Here we bifurcate the formation of elements into 6 processes. They are for Elementary particles and elements generated in frequency changing process, By Cosmic rays, By Small stars, By Large Stars, By Super Novae and Manmade elements By Neutron Stars. This we will discuss in Part 3: Nucleosynthesis. 展开更多
关键词 DYnAMIC UnIVERSE MODEL Hubble Space Telescope (HST) SITA Simulations (SITA-Simulation of Inter Intra Tautness Attraction Forces Used by DYnAMIC UnIVERSE Model) Singularity-Free COSMOLOGY Blue Shifted GALAXIES Red Shifted GALAXIES Grazing Radiation Frequency Changes Formation of Elements nucleosynthesis DYnAMIC UnIVERSE MODEL Energy to Mass Conversion Methods: n-Body Simulations-Gravitation-Cosmology
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Optical properties for N,N’-bis (lnaphyhly)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum in organic light emitting devices 被引量:1
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作者 Mei Yee Lim Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus +1 位作者 Zainal Abidin Talib Anuar Kassim 《Natural Science》 2010年第6期631-634,共4页
The optical properties of N,N’-bis (Inaphthyl)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials used as hole transport and electron transport layers i... The optical properties of N,N’-bis (Inaphthyl)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials used as hole transport and electron transport layers in organic light-emitting devices (OLED) have been investigated. The NPB and Alq3 layers were prepared using thermal evaporation method. The results show that the energy band gap of Alq3 is thickness independence while the energy band gap of NPB decreases with the increasing of sample thickness. For the case of photoluminescence the Alq3 with thickness of 84 nm shows the highest relative intensity peak at 510 nm. 展开更多
关键词 Energy Band Gap n n’-Bis (Inaphthyl) -n n’-Diphenyl-1 1’-Biphenyl-4 4’-Diamine Tris (8 Hydroxyquinolinato) Aluminum Organic Light Emitting Diode Photoluminescence
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Pattern of disharmony between the heart and kidney: Theoretical basis, identification and treatment
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作者 Jian Dong Tianfang Wang +1 位作者 Lihong Zhao Xinran Chen 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences》 2017年第4期317-321,共5页
'Harmony between the heart and kidney' refers to the physiological relationship between these two zang organs in Chinese medicine,while 'disharmony between the heart and kidney' (also called disharmony... 'Harmony between the heart and kidney' refers to the physiological relationship between these two zang organs in Chinese medicine,while 'disharmony between the heart and kidney' (also called disharmony between fire and water) refers to the pathological state.The pattern of disharmony between the heart and kidney is widely observed in patients with insomnia,anxiety disorder and menopausal syndrome,etc..In order to gain a full and systematical understanding of this pattern,from the perspective of ancient Chinese philosophy and zang-fu theory in Chinese medicine,we systematically reviewed and discussed the functions and physiological characteristics of the heart and kidney,the origin and development of theories relating to heart-kidney relationship,the pathogenesis and identification of the pattern,as well as the commonly used classical formulas for its treatment,including Coptis and DonkeyHide Gelatin Decoction (Huánglián (E)jiāo Tāng) and Grand Communication Pill (Jiāotài Wán).Two examples of clinical modifications of these formulas in the treatment of insomnia and menopausal syndrome are provided in this article.It should be noted that in clinical practice,these formulas should be used flexibly,and modified in accordance to the condition of the patient. 展开更多
关键词 Harmony BETWEEn the HEART and KIDnEY Disharmony BETWEEn the HEART and KIDnEY PATTERn of disharmony BETWEEn the HEART and KIDnEY Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction (Huánglián (E)jiāo ng) Grand Communication Pill (Jiāotài n)
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Exploring the effect of aggregation-induced emission on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer for a bis-imine derivative by quantum mechanics and our own n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics calculations
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作者 Huifang Zhao Chaofan Sun +2 位作者 Xiaochun Liu Hang Yin Ying Shi 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第1期645-649,共5页
We theoretically investigate the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) behavior of the novel fluorophore bis-imine derivative molecule HNP which was designed based on the intersection of 1-(hydrazonometh... We theoretically investigate the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) behavior of the novel fluorophore bis-imine derivative molecule HNP which was designed based on the intersection of 1-(hydrazonomethyl)-naphthalene-2-ol and 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde. Especially, the density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) methods for HNP monomer are introduced. Moreover, the "our own n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics"(ONIOM) method(TDDFT:universal force field(UFF)) is used to reveal the aggregation-induced emission(AIE) effect on the ESIPT process for HNP in crystal. Our results confirm that the ESIPT process happens upon the photoexcitation for the HNP monomer and HNP in crystal, which is distinctly monitored by the optimized geometric structures and the potential energy curves. In addition, the results of potential energy curves reveal that the ESIPT process in HNP will be promoted by the AIE effect. Furthermore, the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) for the HNP monomer and HNP in crystal have been calculated. The calculation demonstrates that the electron density decrease of proton donor caused by excitation promotes the ESIPT process. In addition, we find that the variation of atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld population(ADCH) charge for proton acceptor induced by the AIE effect facilitates the ESIPT process. The results will be expected to deepen the understanding of ESIPT dynamics for luminophore under the AIE effect and provide insight into future design of high-efficient AIE compounds. 展开更多
关键词 time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) METHOD excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) our own n-layered integrated MOLECULAR orbital and MOLECULAR mechanics(OnIOM) METHOD potential energy curves atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld population(ADCH) charge
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Estrogen affects neuropathic pain through upregulating N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion of rats 被引量:8
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作者 Chao Deng Ya-juan Gu +1 位作者 Hong Zhang Jun Zhang 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第3期464-469,共6页
Estrogen affects the generation and transmission of neuropathic pain,but the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear.Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1(NMDAR1) plays an important role in t... Estrogen affects the generation and transmission of neuropathic pain,but the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear.Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1(NMDAR1) plays an important role in the production and maintenance of hyperalgesia and allodynia.The present study was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between estrogen and NMDAR1 in peripheral nerve pain.A chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain was established in rats.These rats were then subcutaneously injected with 17β-estradiol,the NMDAR1 antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid(AP-5),or both once daily for 15 days.Compared with injured drug na?ve rats,rats with chronic sciatic nerve injury that were administered estradiol showed a lower paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and a shorter paw withdrawal thermal latency,indicating increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal pain.Estrogen administration was also associated with increased expression of NMDAR1 immunoreactivity(as assessed by immunohistochemistry) and protein(as determined by western blot assay) in spinal dorsal root ganglia.This 17β-estradiol-induced increase in NMDAR1 expression was blocked by co-administration with AP-5,whereas AP-5 alone did not affect NMDAR1 expression.These results suggest that 17β-estradiol administration significantly reduced mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats with chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve,and that the mechanism for this increased sensitivity may be related to the upregulation of NMDAR1 expression in dorsal root ganglia. 展开更多
关键词 nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury ESTROGEn 17Β-ESTRADIOL n-rnethyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 pain sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury neuropathic pain D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid dorsal root ganglion spinal cord IMMUnOREACTIVITY western blot assay neural regeneration
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Antibodies elicited by Newcastle disease virus-vectored H7N9 avian influenza vaccine are functional in activating the complement system
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作者 Zenglei Hu Ya Huang +3 位作者 Jiao Hu Xiaoquan Wang Shunlin Hu Xiufan Liu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期2052-2064,共13页
H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus poses a great challenge for poultry industry.Newcastle disease virus(NDV)-vectored H7N9 avian influenza vaccines(NDV_(vec)H7N9)are effective in disease control because they are prote... H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus poses a great challenge for poultry industry.Newcastle disease virus(NDV)-vectored H7N9 avian influenza vaccines(NDV_(vec)H7N9)are effective in disease control because they are protective and allow mass administration.Of note,these vaccines elicit undetectable H7N9-specific hemagglutination-inhibition(HI)but high IgG antibodies in chickens.However,the molecular basis and protective mechanism underlying this particular antibody immunity remain unclear.Herein,immunization with an NDV_(vec)H7N9 induced low anti-H7N9 HI and virus neutralization titers but high levels of hemagglutinin(HA)-binding IgG antibodies in chickens.Three residues(S150,G151 and S152)in HA of H7N9 virus were identified as the dominant epitopes recognized by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum.Passively transferred NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum conferred complete protection against H7N9 virus infection in chickens.The NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum can mediate a potent lysis of HA-expressing and H7N9 virus-infected cells and significantly suppress H7N9 virus infectivity.These activities of the serum were significantly impaired after heat-inactivation or treatment with complement inhibitor,suggesting the engagement of the complement system.Moreover,mutations in the 150-SGS-152 sites in HA resulted in significant reductions in cell lysis and virus neutralization mediated by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum,indicating the requirement of antibody-antigen binding for complement activity.Therefore,antibodies induced by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 can activate antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of H7N9 virus-infected cells and complement-mediated neutralization of H7N9 virus.Our findings unveiled a novel role of the complement in protection conferred by the NDV_(vec)H7N9,highlighting a potential benefit of engaging the complement system in H7N9 vaccine design. 展开更多
关键词 H7n9 subtype avian influenza virus nDV vector vaccine antibody immunity COMPLEMEnT protection
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The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability in China:Experiment Design and Preliminary Results of CSEP2.0
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作者 ZHANG Shengfeng ZHANG Yongxian +3 位作者 Maximilian J.WERNER Kenny G.RAHAM David A.RHOADES JoséA.BAYONA 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第S01期94-97,共4页
Since the inaugural international collaboration under the framework of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability(CSEP)in 2007,numerous forecast models have been developed and operated for earthquake... Since the inaugural international collaboration under the framework of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability(CSEP)in 2007,numerous forecast models have been developed and operated for earthquake forecasting experiments across CSEP testing centers(Schorlemmer et al.,2018).Over more than a decade,efforts to compare forecasts with observed earthquakes using numerous statistical test methods and insights into earthquake predictability,which have become a highlight of the CSEP platform. 展开更多
关键词 earthquake forecasting seismicity modeling CSEP2.0 Pattern Informatics(PI)algorithm long-to-intermediate-term forecast Relative Intensity(RI)algorithm Completeness Magnitude S test n test
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A Comparative Analysis of the New -3(-n) - 1 Remer Conjecture and a Proof of the 3n + 1 Collatz Conjecture
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作者 Mike Remer 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2023年第8期2216-2220,共5页
This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An... This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true. 展开更多
关键词 -3(-n) - 1 Remer Conjecture 3n + 1 Collatz Conjecture Comparative Analysis PROOF natural numbers Integer Sequences Factorial Processes Par-tial Differential Equations Bounded Values Collatz Conjecture Collatz Algo-rithm Collatz Operator Collatz Compliance And Mathematical Conjectures
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Relationship between high dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease risk: a meta-analysis 被引量:3
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作者 Yan Qu Xi Chen +1 位作者 Man-Man Xu Qiang Sun 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第12期2156-2163,共8页
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dietary fat intake influences Parkinson’s disease risk. DATA SOURCES: We systematically surveyed the Embase and PubMed databases, reviewing manuscripts published prior to October 2018. Th... OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dietary fat intake influences Parkinson’s disease risk. DATA SOURCES: We systematically surveyed the Embase and PubMed databases, reviewing manuscripts published prior to October 2018. The following terms were used:(“Paralysis agitans” OR “Parkinson disease” OR “Parkinson” OR “Parkinson’s” OR “Parkinson’s disease”) AND (“fat” OR “dietary fat” OR “dietary fat intake”). DATA SELECTION: Included studies were those with both dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease risk as exposure factors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adapted to investigate the quality of included studies. Stata V12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included the relationship between high total energy intake, high total fat intake, and Parkinson’s disease risk. The secondary outcomes included the relationship between different kinds of fatty acids and Parkinson’s disease risk. RESULTS: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Four studies scored 7 and the other five studies scored 9 on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, meaning that all studies were of high quality. Meta-analysis results showed that high total energy intake was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (P = 0.000, odds ratio (OR)= 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–1.75);in contrast, high total fat intake was not associated with Parkinson’s disease risk (P = 0.123, OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.91–1.25). Subgroup analysis revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (P = 0.010, OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88–1.20) reduced the risk of Parkinson’s disease, while arachidonic acid (P = 0.026, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.97–1.37) and cholesterol (P = 0.002, OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.29) both increased the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that, although the results were not significant, consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.071, OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73–1.05),α-linolenic acid (P = 0.06, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72–1.02), and the n-3 to n-6 ratio (P = 0.458, OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06) were all linked with a trend toward reduced Parkinson’s disease risk. Monounsaturated fatty acid (P = 0.450, OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91–1.23), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.100, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.96–1.36) and linoleic acid (P = 0.053, OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94–1.32) intakes were associated with a non-significant trend toward higher PD risk. Saturated fatty acid (P = 0.619, OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87–1.18) intake was not associated with Parkinson’s disease. CONCLUSION: Dietary fat intake affects Parkinson’s disease risk, although this depends on the fatty acid subtype. Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease, while higher cholesterol and arachidonic acid intakes may elevate Parkinson’s disease risk. However, further studies and evidence are needed to validate any link between dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease. 展开更多
关键词 nerve REGEnERATIOn dietary fat Parkinson's disease risk META-AnALYSIS total energy InTAKE polyunsaturated FATTY ACIDS arachidonic ACID cholesterol α-linolenic ACID linoleic ACID n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated FATTY ACID InTAKE ratio monounsaturated FATTY ACIDS neural REGEnERATIOn
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Dysregulation of RNA modification systems in clinical populations with neurocognitive disorders 被引量:4
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作者 Helen M.Knight Merve DemirbugenÖz Adriana PerezGrovas-Saltijeral 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1256-1261,共6页
The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying mechanisms.Methylation of N6 adenosine(m^(6)A)and C5 cytosine(m^(5)C)bases occur on mRNA... The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying mechanisms.Methylation of N6 adenosine(m^(6)A)and C5 cytosine(m^(5)C)bases occur on mRNAs,tRNA,mt-tRNA,and rRNA species as well as non-coding RNAs.With emerging knowledge of RNA binding proteins that act as writer,reader,and eraser effector proteins,comes a new understanding of physiological processes controlled by these systems.Such processes when spatiotemporally disrupted within cellular nanodomains in highly specialized tissues such as the brain,give rise to different forms of disease.In this review,we discuss accumulating evidence that changes in the m^(6)A and m^(5)C methylation systems contribute to neurocognitive disorders.Early studies first identified mutations within FMR1 to cause intellectual disability Fragile X syndromes several years before FMR1 was identified as an m^(6)A RNA reader protein.Subsequently,familial mutations within the m^(6)A writer gene METTL5,m^(5)C writer genes NSUN2,NSUN3,NSUN5,and NSUN6,as well as THOC2 and THOC6 that form a protein complex with the m^(5)C reader protein ALYREF,were recognized to cause intellectual development disorders.Similarly,differences in expression of the m^(5)C writer and reader effector proteins,NSUN6,NSUN7,and ALYREF in brain tissue are indicated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease,individuals with a high neuropathological load or have suffered traumatic brain injury.Likewise,an abundance of m^(6)A reader and anti-reader proteins are reported to change across brain regions in Lewy bodies diseases,Alzheimer's disease,and individuals with high cognitive reserve.m^(6)A-modified RNAs are also reported significantly more abundant in dementia with Lewy bodies brain tissue but significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease tissue,whilst modified RNAs are misplaced within diseased cells,particularly where synapses are located.In parahippocampal brain tissue,m^(6)A modification is enriched in transcripts associated with psychiatric disorders including conditions with clear cognitive deficits.These findings indicate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms are influenced by RNA methylation systems that can cause neuronal and synaptic dysfunction underlying neurocognitive disorders.Targeting these RNA modification systems brings new prospects for neural regenerative therapies. 展开更多
关键词 5-methylcytosine methylation Alzheimer's disease cognitive diseases epitranscriptomics intellectual disability Lewy body diseases n6 adenosine RnA modification
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Effects of long-term partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer with pig manure and/or straw on nitrogen fractions and microbiological properties in greenhouse vegetable soils
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作者 Shuo Yuan Ruonan Li +5 位作者 Yinjie Zhang Hao'an Luan Jiwei Tang Liying Wang Hongjie Ji Shaowen Huang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期2083-2098,共16页
Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice.An 11-year field experiment(22 cropping periods)was carried out to analyze the impacts of differen... Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice.An 11-year field experiment(22 cropping periods)was carried out to analyze the impacts of different partial substitution treatments on crop yields and the transformation of nitrogen fractions in greenhouse vegetable soil.Four treatments with equal N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O inputs were selected,including complete inorganic fertilizer N(CN),50%inorganic fertilizer N plus 50%pig manure N(CPN),50%inorganic fertilizer N plus 25%pig manure N and 25%corn straw N(CPSN),and 50%inorganic fertilizer N plus 50%corn straw N(CSN).Organic substitution treatments tended to increase crop yields since the 6th cropping period compared to the CN treatment.From the 8th to the 22nd cropping periods,the highest yields were observed in the CPSN treatment where yields were 7.5-11.1%greater than in CN treatment.After 11-year fertilization,compared to CN,organic substitution treatments significantly increased the concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,acid hydrolysis ammonium-N(AHAN),amino acid-N(AAN),amino sugar-N(ASN),and acid hydrolysis unknown-N(AHUN)in soil by 45.0-69.4,32.8-58.1,49.3-66.6,62.0-69.5,34.5-100.3,and 109.2-172.9%,respectively.Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C/N and OC concentration significantly affected the distribution of N fractions.The highest concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N,AHAN,AAN,AHUN were found in the CPSN treatment.Organic substitution treatments increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase,β-cellobiosidase,N-acetyl-glucosamidase,L-aminopeptidase,and phosphatase in the soil.Organic substitution treatments reduced vector length and increased vector angle,indicating alleviation of constraints of C and N on soil microorganisms.Organic substitution treatments increased the total concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)in the soil by 109.9-205.3%,and increased the relative abundance of G^(+)bacteria and fungi taxa,but decreased the relative abundance of G-bacteria,total bacteria,and actinomycetes.Overall,long-term organic substitution management increased soil OC concentration,C/N,and the microbial population,the latter in turn positively influenced soil enzyme activity.Enhanced microorganism numbers and enzyme activity enhanced soil N sequestration by transforming inorganic N to acid hydrolysis-N(AHN),and enhanced soil N supply capacity by activating non-acid hydrolysis-N(NAHN)to AHN,thus improving vegetable yield.Application of inorganic fertilizer,manure,and straw was a more effective fertilization model for achieving sustainable greenhouse vegetable production than application of inorganic fertilizer alone. 展开更多
关键词 organic substitution management greenhouse vegetable production n fractions microbial community composition extracellular enzyme activity enzyme stoichiometry coefficients
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Interhemispheric and longitudinal differences in the ionosphere-thermosphere coupling process during the May 2024 superstorm
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作者 WenBo Li LiBo Liu +5 位作者 YuYan Yang TingWei Han RongJin Du RuiLong Zhang HuiJun Le YiDing Chen 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期910-919,共10页
Geomagnetic storm events have a strong influence on the ionosphere–thermosphere(I-T)coupling system.Analyzing the regional response process of the I-T system and its differences across the northern and southern hemis... Geomagnetic storm events have a strong influence on the ionosphere–thermosphere(I-T)coupling system.Analyzing the regional response process of the I-T system and its differences across the northern and southern hemispheres is an important but challenging task.In this study,we used a combination of multiple observations and a model simulation to examine the north–south hemispheric difference in the I-T coupling system in the American and Asian sectors during the geomagnetic superstorm that occurred in May 2024.Observations of the total electron content(TEC)showed that the Asian sector had negative storms in the northern hemisphere and positive storms in the southern hemisphere,a process that exacerbated the hemispheric differences in the TEC.However,both hemispheres of the American sector showed negative storms.The thermospheric composition changes also differed between the two sectors,and their variation could partially explain the hemispheric differences caused by positive and negative storms.Moreover,the influence of the thermospheric density change was less than that of the thermospheric composition.Finally,the dynamic effect of the thermospheric wind and the plasma transport processes strongly modulated the north–south differences in the TEC at nighttime in the American and Asian sectors,respectively,during this superstorm. 展开更多
关键词 geomagnetic superstorm north–south hemispheric difference total electron content O/n2 thermospheric wind plasma transport
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Glycolysis in energy metabolism during seizures
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作者 Heng Yang Jiongxing Wu +4 位作者 Ren Guo Yufen Peng Wen Zheng Ding Liu Zhi Song 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第14期1316-1326,共11页
Studies have shown that glycolysis increases during seizures, and that the glycolytic metabolite lactic acid can be used as an energy source. However, how lactic acid provides energy for seizures and how it can partic... Studies have shown that glycolysis increases during seizures, and that the glycolytic metabolite lactic acid can be used as an energy source. However, how lactic acid provides energy for seizures and how it can participate in the termination of seizures remains unclear. We reviewed possible mechanisms of glycolysis involved in seizure onset. Results showed that lactic acid was involved in seizure onset and provided energy at early stages. As seizures progress, lactic acid reduces the pH of tissue and induces metabolic acidosis, which terminates the seizure. The specific mechanism of lactic acid-induced acidosis involves several aspects, which include lactic acid-induced inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme 6-diphosphate kinase-1, inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, activation of the acid-sensitive 1A ion channel, strengthening of the receptive mechanism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter Y-aminobutyric acid, and changes in the intra- and extracellular environment. 展开更多
关键词 neural regeneration reviews epilepsy energy metabolism GLYCOLYSIS EPILEPTOGEnESIS terminationATP aerobic metabolism 6-diphosphate kinase-1 n-methyI-D-aspartate receptor acid-sensitive1A ion channel y-aminobutyric acid intra- and extracellular environment voltage-gated na+ andCa2+ adenosine receptors ATP receptor grants-supported paper nEUROREGEnERATIOn
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Accounting for Quadratic and Cubic Invariants in Continuum Mechanics–An Overview
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作者 Artur V.Dmitrenko Vladislav M.Ovsyannikov 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第9期1925-1939,共15页
The differential equations of continuum mechanics are the basis of an uncountable variety of phenomena and technological processes in fluid-dynamics and related fields.These equations contain derivatives of the first ... The differential equations of continuum mechanics are the basis of an uncountable variety of phenomena and technological processes in fluid-dynamics and related fields.These equations contain derivatives of the first order with respect to time.The derivation of the equations of continuum mechanics uses the limit transitions of the tendency of the volume increment and the time increment to zero.Derivatives are used to derive the wave equation.The differential wave equation is second order in time.Therefore,increments of volume and increments of time in continuum mechanics should be considered as small but finite quantities for problems of wave formation.This is important for calculating the generation of sound waves and water hammer waves.Therefore,the Euler continuity equation with finite time increments is of interest.The finiteness of the time increment makes it possible to take into account the quadratic and cubic invariants of the strain rate tensor.This is a new branch in hydrodynamics.Quadratic and cubic invariants will be used in differential wave equations of the second and third order in time. 展开更多
关键词 Quadratic invariant cubic invariant continuity equation generation of periodic waves n.E.Zhukovsky’s hydraulic shock TURBULEnCE
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A Biogas Production Model from the Combination of Pig Manure and Cow Dung in N’Zérékoré City, Republic of Guine
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作者 Madeleine Kamano Oumar Keita +1 位作者 Ansoumane Sakouvogui Aboubacar Sangare 《Energy and Power Engineering》 2024年第9期293-312,共20页
This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It... This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It was carried out in December 2020 in the Physics laboratory of the University of N’Zérékoré. The anaerobic digestion process took 25 days in an almost constant ambient temperature of 25˚C. Five digesters were loaded on 12/06/2020, two of which with 1 kg of pig dung and 1 kg of cow dung both in mono-digestion. The 3 other digesters in co-digestion with different proportions of pig manure and cow dung. The substrate in each digester is diluted in 2 liters of water, with a proportion of (1/2). The main results obtained are: 1) the evolution of the temperature and pH during digestion process, 2) the average biogas productions 0.61 liters for (D1);1.20 liter for (D2);1.65 liter for (D3);1.51 liter for (D4) and 1.31 liter for (D5). The cumulative amounts of biogas are respectively: D1 (7.95 liters), D2 (15.60 liters), D3 (21.50 liters), D4 (19.65 liters) and D5 (17.05 liters). The total cumulative production is 81.75 liters at the end of the process. The originality of this research work is that the proposed model examines the relation between the daily biogas production and the variation of temperature, pH and pressure. The combustibility test showed the biogas produced during the first week was no combustible (contains less than 50% methane). Combustion started from the biogas produced from the 15th day and it is from the 20th day that a significant amount of stable yellow/blue flame was observed. The results of this study show the combination of pig manure and cow dung presents advantages for optimal biogas production. 展开更多
关键词 Production Experimental MODEL Pig Manure Cow Dung BIOGAS n’Zérékoré Republic of Guinea
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Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the loss of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic retinopathy 被引量:7
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作者 Liping Yang Lemeng Wu +4 位作者 Dongmei Wang Ying Li Hongliang Dou Mark O.M.Tso Zhizhong Ma 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第33期3148-3158,共11页
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeox... Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Results from immunofluorescent co-localization experiments showed that both caspase-12 protein and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation levels significantly in- creased, which was associated with retinal ganglion cell death in diabetic retinas. The C/ERB ho- mologous protein pathway directly contributed to glial reactivity, and was subsequently responsible for neuronal loss and vascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Our experimental findings in- dicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in diabetes-induced retinal neu- ronal loss and vascular abnormalities, and that inhibiting the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway provides effective protection against diabetic retinopathy. 展开更多
关键词 neural regeneration peripheral nerve injury endoplasmic reticulum stress diabetic retinopathy injury of retinal ganglion cells M011er cells ASTROCYTES c-Jun n-terminal kinase caspase-12 protein C/ERB homologous protein retinal microcirculation glial fibrillary acidic protein grant-supportedpaper nEUROREGEnERATIOn
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Seismic displacement demand prediction in non-linear domain: Optimization of the N2 method
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作者 Lorenzo Diana Andrea Manno Pierino Lestuzzi 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2019年第1期141-158,共18页
In Europe, computation of displacement demand for seismic assessment of existing buildings is essentially based on a simplified formulation of the N2 method as prescribed by Eurocode 8(EC8). However, a lack of accurac... In Europe, computation of displacement demand for seismic assessment of existing buildings is essentially based on a simplified formulation of the N2 method as prescribed by Eurocode 8(EC8). However, a lack of accuracy of the N2 method in certain conditions has been pointed out by several studies. This paper addresses the assessment of effectiveness of the N2 method in seismic displacement demand determination in non-linear domain. The objective of this work is to investigate the accuracy of the N2 method through comparison with displacement demands computed using non-linear timehistory analysis(NLTHA). Results show that the original N2 method may lead to overestimation or underestimation of displacement demand predictions. This may affect results of mechanical model-based assessment of seismic vulnerability at an urban scale. Hence, the second part of this paper addresses an improvement of the N2 method formula by empirical evaluation of NLTHA results based on EC8 ground-classes. This task is formulated as a mathematical programming problem in which coefficients are obtained by minimizing the overall discrepancy between NLTHA and modified formula results. Various settings of the mathematical programming problem have been solved using a global optimization metaheuristic. An extensive comparison between the original N2 method formulation and optimized formulae highlights benefits of the strategy. 展开更多
关键词 n2 METHOD SEISMIC vulnerability assessment nOn-LInEAR time-history analysis spectrum compatible recordings DISPLACEMEnT demand determination OPTIMIZATIOn strength reduction factor
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Dietary Green Tea Extract and Antioxidants Improve Insulin Secretory Functions of Pancreatic β-Cells in Mild and Severe Experimental Rodent Model of Chronic Pancreatitis
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作者 Galande Sheethal Ranjeet K. Tokala +7 位作者 Pavan Pondugala Krishna Vemula Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan Pothani Suresh Surya Satyanarayana Singh Guduru Venkat Rao Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Mitnala Sasikala 《Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases》 2024年第2期53-72,共20页
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. It is predominantly idiopathic (with an unknown cause) in India and mostly due to alcohol in the West. Diabetes that occur secondary to... Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. It is predominantly idiopathic (with an unknown cause) in India and mostly due to alcohol in the West. Diabetes that occur secondary to chronic pancreatitis (T3c Diabetes) is often brittle, and is difficult to attain normoglycemia with conventional treatment requiring multiple doses of insulin. Mild and severe model of CP was induced in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and L-arginine respectively with an intent to study islet dysfunction and develop therapeutic strategy in animal models of CP. Dietary intervention of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was tested in both the models of CP for its beneficial effects on insulin secretory functions. Pancreata collected upon euthanasia were used to study alterations in the morphology of pancreatic parenchyma and inflammation by staining with H&E and fibrotic changes by Masson’s trichrome and picrosirius staining. Insulin secretory functions of islets were evaluated to test the efficacy of the dietary intervention on β-cell functions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed to monitor the glucose homeostasis before and after the dietary intervention. Both the models resulted in CP with dispersed acini, inflammation and fibrosis. The loss of acini and extent of fibrosis was more in L-arginine model. 2-fold improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin secretory functions of islets was observed with 0.5% EGCG dietary intervention in cerulein model of CP and 1.6-fold in L-arginine model of CP. A further improvement in insulin secretion by 3.2-fold was observed with additional dietary supplements like N-acetyl cysteine, curcumin in combination with EGCG. Our results thus demonstrate and highlight the therapeutic potential of dietary green tea (EGCG) supplementation in reversing islet dysfunction and improving glucose homeostasis in experimental chronic pancreatitis in mice. 展开更多
关键词 Dietary Intervention C57BL6/J Mice Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate n-Acetyl Cysteine CURCUMIn Chronic Pancreatitis ISLETS Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion
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Dynamics of Nonlinear Waves in(2+1)-Dimensional Extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation
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作者 SUN Junxiu WANG Yunhu 《应用数学》 北大核心 2024年第4期1103-1113,共11页
Based on the Hirota bilinear method,this study derived N-soliton solutions,breather solutions,lump solutions and interaction solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation.The dynamic... Based on the Hirota bilinear method,this study derived N-soliton solutions,breather solutions,lump solutions and interaction solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation.The dynamical characteristics of these solutions were displayed through graphical,particularly revealing fusion and ssion phenomena in the interaction of lump and the one-stripe soliton. 展开更多
关键词 Hirota bilinear method n-soliton solutions Breather solutions Lump solutions Interaction solutions (2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation
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