数值模拟技术不仅帮助我们确立了以暗物质、暗能量为主导的LCDM(Λcold dark matter)标准宇宙学模型,也帮助我们对暗物质形成的结构体——暗晕的各种属性给出了精细的刻画,特别是暗物质晕的密度轮廓.本文首先回顾了这一领域自20世纪80...数值模拟技术不仅帮助我们确立了以暗物质、暗能量为主导的LCDM(Λcold dark matter)标准宇宙学模型,也帮助我们对暗物质形成的结构体——暗晕的各种属性给出了精细的刻画,特别是暗物质晕的密度轮廓.本文首先回顾了这一领域自20世纪80年代以来的发展历史.通过数值模拟,人们发现,暗晕密度轮廓并非理论模型预测的单一幂律分布,而是从内向外,幂指数从-1左右到-3逐渐变化;而且,暗晕的内部结构由其形成历史决定.此后,人们逐步对100万太阳质量以上暗晕的内部结构有了非常精准的刻画.但由于计算资源的限制,对比这一质量小的暗晕则依然了解甚少.最近通过新开发的多重模拟技术,我们才得以对从最小的地球大小的暗晕(10-6太阳质量)到最大的星系团暗晕(1015太阳质量)的内部结构给出精确描述.本文对这一重要进展进行了详细的解读.总之,对所有质量暗晕的密度轮廓的认识将会帮助我们理解物质在宇宙中的分布、暗晕形成在星系形成过程中的作用,同时也将帮助我们去探索如何更好地通过天体物理方法来确定暗物质的本质属性,但重子物质的各种复杂物理过程对暗晕内部结构,特别是密度轮廓的影响依然还是一个开放的问题,这也将是我们下一步需要研究的主要方向.展开更多
Based on the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), we prese nt apixelized method of estimating the power spectra of galaxy samples. With lo cal properties of wavelet both in physical and wavenumber spaces, DWT power ...Based on the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), we prese nt apixelized method of estimating the power spectra of galaxy samples. With lo cal properties of wavelet both in physical and wavenumber spaces, DWT power spec trum is equal to the corresponding band average of Fourier power spectrum. The D WT estimator is optimized in the sense that the spatial resolution is adaptive a utomatically to the perturbation wavelength to be studied. Under the assumption of ergodicity, the spatial average of local DWT fluctuation modes provides a fai r estimation of the ensemble average. We test DWT spectra of four typical cold da rk matter (CDM) structure formation models with numerical simulations. To consid er the infections of various observation effects to the DWT spectra, we introduc e irregular survey geometries, a given sampling rate, radial selection effects a nd redshift distortion effects into our mock samples. The numerical results show that, owing to its local properties, DWT spectrum is less affected by the sampl ing rate, survey geometry, and statistical ensemble fluctuations. With fast wave let decomposition algorithm, DWT can be used to analyze large survey samples, wh i ch is of direct significance in precise measurement of the cosmological paramete rs from the galaxy redshift surveys of next generation.展开更多
文摘数值模拟技术不仅帮助我们确立了以暗物质、暗能量为主导的LCDM(Λcold dark matter)标准宇宙学模型,也帮助我们对暗物质形成的结构体——暗晕的各种属性给出了精细的刻画,特别是暗物质晕的密度轮廓.本文首先回顾了这一领域自20世纪80年代以来的发展历史.通过数值模拟,人们发现,暗晕密度轮廓并非理论模型预测的单一幂律分布,而是从内向外,幂指数从-1左右到-3逐渐变化;而且,暗晕的内部结构由其形成历史决定.此后,人们逐步对100万太阳质量以上暗晕的内部结构有了非常精准的刻画.但由于计算资源的限制,对比这一质量小的暗晕则依然了解甚少.最近通过新开发的多重模拟技术,我们才得以对从最小的地球大小的暗晕(10-6太阳质量)到最大的星系团暗晕(1015太阳质量)的内部结构给出精确描述.本文对这一重要进展进行了详细的解读.总之,对所有质量暗晕的密度轮廓的认识将会帮助我们理解物质在宇宙中的分布、暗晕形成在星系形成过程中的作用,同时也将帮助我们去探索如何更好地通过天体物理方法来确定暗物质的本质属性,但重子物质的各种复杂物理过程对暗晕内部结构,特别是密度轮廓的影响依然还是一个开放的问题,这也将是我们下一步需要研究的主要方向.
基金Feng Longlong and Chu Yaoquan acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Based on the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), we prese nt apixelized method of estimating the power spectra of galaxy samples. With lo cal properties of wavelet both in physical and wavenumber spaces, DWT power spec trum is equal to the corresponding band average of Fourier power spectrum. The D WT estimator is optimized in the sense that the spatial resolution is adaptive a utomatically to the perturbation wavelength to be studied. Under the assumption of ergodicity, the spatial average of local DWT fluctuation modes provides a fai r estimation of the ensemble average. We test DWT spectra of four typical cold da rk matter (CDM) structure formation models with numerical simulations. To consid er the infections of various observation effects to the DWT spectra, we introduc e irregular survey geometries, a given sampling rate, radial selection effects a nd redshift distortion effects into our mock samples. The numerical results show that, owing to its local properties, DWT spectrum is less affected by the sampl ing rate, survey geometry, and statistical ensemble fluctuations. With fast wave let decomposition algorithm, DWT can be used to analyze large survey samples, wh i ch is of direct significance in precise measurement of the cosmological paramete rs from the galaxy redshift surveys of next generation.
