林龄与管理对沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮素有效性的影响

选择8块典型样地,利用离子交换树脂袋法研究科尔沁沙地东南部樟子松人工林和草地土壤有效N及其转化动态,结果表明:生长季内土壤NH4+-N,NO3--N,矿质N和相对硝化速率变动范围依次为0.18～1.54,0.96～22.05,1.23～23.58 μg/d·g dry resin,0.76～0.NO3-,NO3--N占绝对优势,硝化过程异常强烈.通过比较4个不同林龄、2种管理措施对树脂吸附土壤NH4+-N,NO3--N,矿质N和相对硝化速率的差异,表明随林分年龄的增加,樟子松人工林土壤NH4+-N,NO3--N,矿质N有提高的趋势;禁牧同放牧样地相比,树脂吸附土壤NH4+-N,NO3--N,矿质N的含量均较低,土壤N转化速率受到抑制,尤其是硝化过程.同时发现禁牧改变土壤N转化进程,提高NH4+-N比例,降低相对硝化速率.综合分析表明:沙地造林改良土壤是漫长的过程,并且受到人类干扰等多种因素的影响.

Rheological behavior of ZnO suspension with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for colloidal processing of ceramics

Novel colloidal processing using thermosensitive poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） as a coagulating agent has beendeveloped to prepare complex-shaped ceramic components. In this work, the properties of PNIPAM aqueous solutions and therheological behavior of ZnO suspensions with PNIPAM were investigated. The results show that the PNIPAM solutions exhibitobvious thermosensitivity and its transition temperature is around 32℃. When the temperature is above 40℃ （Tc, the criticaltransition temperature of thermosensitive suspension）, the 50% ZnO （volume fraction） suspension with 8 mg/mL PNIPAM has asharp increase in viscosity and reaches up to 11.49 Pa·s at 50℃, displaying strong elasticity. The main reasons are the increase ofeffective volume fraction attributed to precipitation of PNIPAM segments and the flocculation between ZnO powder particles. Inaddition, the maximum solid loading （volume fraction） at 20 ℃ is higher than that at 40℃, which proves that the phase transition ofPNIPAM can induce the flocculation of suspension.

氮有效性增加对细根解剖、形态特征和菌根侵染的影响

氮(N)有效性增加对森林生态系统结构和功能有重要影响.细根作为树木地下最为活跃的组分,其对N有效性增加的响应已成为森林生态学研究的热点.本文对N有效性增加条件下细根解剖构造、形态和菌根侵染的响应趋势及潜在机制进行了综述.N有效性增加导致细根皮层厚度、皮层层数和皮层细胞直径下降,外皮层上通道细胞数量减少,而中柱和木质部横截面积,以及导管(或管胞)直径、数量和壁厚度均增加,根解剖构造的响应与植物激素浓度变化有关;N有效性增加后菌根侵染率下降,比根长(单位根干质量的长度)在外生菌根树种中普遍下降,而在内生菌根树种中增加;根直径和组织密度的变化趋势则表现出较大的种间差异.这些个体根和树种水平上的结果对于理解森林生态系统水平上的碳和养分循环具有重要意义.最后,根据目前研究中存在的不足提出了今后的研究方向与问题.