Evaluation of G3BP1 in the prognosis of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure after the treatment of artificial liver support system

BACKGROUND The increased expression of G3BP1 was positively correlated with the prognosis of liver failure.AIM To investigate the effect of G3BP1 on the prognosis of acute liver failure(ALF)and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)after the treatment of artificial liver support system(ALSS).METHODS A total of 244 patients with ALF and ACLF were enrolled in this study.The levels of G3BP1 on admission and at discharge were detected.The validation set of 514 patients was collected to verify the predicted effect of G3BP1 and the viability of prognosis.RESULTS This study was shown that lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and prothrombin time were closely related to the prognosis of patients.After the ALSS treatment,the patient’amount of decreased G3BP1 index in difference of G3BP1 between the value of discharge and admission(difG3BP1)<0 group had a nearly 10-fold increased risk of progression compared with the amount of increased G3BP1 index.The subgroup analysis showed that the difG3BP1<0 group had a higher risk of progression,regardless of model for end-stage liver disease high-risk or low-risk group.At the same time,compared with the inflam matory marks[tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18],G3BP1 had higher discrimination and was more stable in the model analysis and validation set.When combined with AFP and LDH,concordance index was respectively 0.84 and 0.8 in training and validation cohorts.CONCLUSION This study indicated that G3BP1 could predict the prognosis of ALF or ACLF patients treated with ALSS.The combination of G3BP1,AFP and LDH could accurately evaluate the disease condition and predict the clinical endpoint of patients.

Cardioprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in heart failure: Myth or truth?

Therapy with glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP1)receptor agonists has raised great interest for its beneficial cardiovascular effects in preventing atherosclerosis and heart failure-related outcomes.However,while evidence about atherosclerosis consistently suggests a cardioprotective potential with class effect,controversies remain on its impact on heart failure.GLP1 receptor agonists appear to prevent hospitalization for new-onset heart failure and reduce symptoms in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(as demonstrated by the recent STEP-HFpEF Trial).Still,GLP1 agonism has resulted in neutral or even harmful effects in patients with established heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(the LIVE trial).GLP1 receptor agonists benefit the cardiovascular system indirectly through their marked metabolic effects(improved weight management,glycemic control,blood pressure,systemic and tissue inflammation),while direct effects on the heart have been questioned.Nonetheless,weight loss alone achieved through GLP1 receptor agonists has failed in improving left ventricular functions.Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of GLP1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide,representing an innovative treatment option in diabetes with a major impact on weight loss and promising cardiovascular benefits.Whether this class of therapies is going to change the history of heart failure is an ongoing debate.

sTREM-1 as promising prognostic biomarker for acute-on-chronic liver failure and mortality in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis

BACKGROUND Acute decompensation(AD)of cirrhosis is associated with high short-term mortality,mainly due to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Thus,there is a need for biomarkers for early and accurate identification of AD patients with high risk of development of ACLF and mortality.Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)is released from activated innate immune cells and correlated with various inflammatory processes.AIM To explore the prognostic value of sTREM-1 in patients with AD of cirrhosis.METHODS A multicenter prospective cohort of 442 patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for AD was divided into a study cohort(n=309)and validation cohort(n=133).Demographic and clinical data were collected,and serum sTREM-1 was measured at admission.All enrolled patients were followed-up for at least 1 year.RESULTS In patients with AD and cirrhosis,serum sTREM-1 was an independent prognosis predictor for 1-year survival and correlated with liver,coagulation,cerebral and kidney failure.A new prognostic model of AD(P-AD)incorporating sTREM-1,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),total bilirubin(TBil),international normalized ratio(INR)and hepatic encephalopathy grades was established and performed better than the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),MELD-sodium(MELD-Na),chronic liver failure-consortium(CLIF-C)ACLF and CLIF-C AD scores.Additionally,sTREM-1 was increased in ACLF and predicted the development of ACLF during first 28-d follow-up.The ACLF risk score incorporating serum sTREM-1,BUN,INR,TBil and aspartate aminotransferase levels was established and significantly superior to MELD,MELD-Na,CLIF-C ACLF,CLIF-C AD and P-AD in predicting risk of ACLF development.CONCLUSION Serum sTREM-1 is a promising prognostic biomarker for ACLF development and mortality in patients with AD of cirrhosis.

Prognostic role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

BACKGROUND Stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1)plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of stem cells to injured livers.However,the changes of SDF-l in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)have yet to be elucidated.AIM To study the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.METHODS 30 patients with HBV-related ACLF,27 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy individuals are involved in our study.The SDF-l mRNA expression in liver tissue was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to illustrate the expression of SDFl,CXC receptor 4(CXCR4)and Ki67.The serum SDF-l concentrations were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The expression of SDF-1 mRNA from ACLF patients was remarkably higher than that from other patients(both P<0.05).The expression of SDF-l,CXCR4 and Ki67 from ACLF were the highest among the three groups(all P<0.01).The serum SDF-l levels in ACLF patients were significantly lower than that in other patients(both P<0.01).Moreover,in ACLF patients,the serum SDF-1 Levels were positively correlated with serum total bilirubin and international normalized ratio.In addition,the serum SDF-l levels in survival were significantly lower compared with the non-survivals(P<0.05).The area under the curve for the serum SDF-1 level in predicting 28-d mortality was 0.722(P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study provides the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.The SDF-1 Level at admission may serve as a promising prognostic marker for predicting short-term prognosis.

Silent information regulator sirtuin 1 ameliorates acute liver failure via the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis

BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)has a high mortality with widespread hepatocyte death involving ferroptosis and pyroptosis.The silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation affects multiple biological processes,including cellular senescence,apoptosis,sugar and lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammation.AIM To investigate the association between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the upstream regulatory mechanisms.METHODS This study included 30 patients with ALF and 30 healthy individuals who underwent serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)testing.C57BL/6 mice were also intraperitoneally pretreated with SIRT1,p53,or glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inducers and inhibitors and injected with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)to induce ALF.Gasdermin D(GSDMD)^(-/-)mice were used as an experimental group.Histological changes in liver tissue were monitored by hematoxylin and eosin staining.ALT,AST,glutathione,reactive oxygen species,and iron levels were measured using commercial kits.Ferroptosis-and pyroptosis-related protein and mRNA expression was detected by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.SIRT1,p53,and GSDMD were assessed by immunofluorescence analysis.RESULTS Serum AST and ALT levels were elevated in patients with ALF.SIRT1,solute carrier family 7a member 11(SLC7A11),and GPX4 protein expression was decreased and acetylated p5,p53,GSDMD,and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)protein levels were elevated in human ALF liver tissue.In the p53 and ferroptosis inhibitor-treated and GSDMD^(-/-)groups,serum interleukin(IL)-1β,tumour necrosis factor alpha,IL-6,IL-2 and C-C motif ligand 2 levels were decreased and hepatic impairment was mitigated.In mice with GSDMD knockout,p53 was reduced,GPX4 was increased,and ferroptotic events(depletion of SLC7A11,elevation of ACSL4,and iron accumulation)were detected.In vitro,knockdown of p53 and overexpression of GPX4 reduced AST and ALT levels,the cytostatic rate,and GSDMD expression,restoring SLC7A11 depletion.Moreover,SIRT1 agonist and overexpression of SIRT1 alleviated acute liver injury and decreased iron deposition compared with results in the model group,accompanied by reduced p53,GSDMD,and ACSL4,and increased SLC7A11 and GPX4.Inactivation of SIRT1 exacerbated ferroptotic and pyroptotic cell death and aggravated liver injury in LPS/D-GalNinduced in vitro and in vivo models.CONCLUSION SIRT1 activation attenuates LPS/D-GalN-induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis by inhibiting the p53/GPX4/GSDMD signaling pathway in ALF.

The potential of herbal drugs to treat heart failure:The roles of Sirt1/AMPK

Heart failure(HF)is a highly morbid syndrome that seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients and generates an enormous socio-economic burden.In addition to cardiac myocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis,which are considered mechanisms for the development of HF,alterations in cardiac energy metabolism and pathological autophagy also contribute to cardiac abnormalities and ultimately HF.Silent information regulator 1(Sirt1)and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and phosphorylated kinases,respectively.They play similar roles in regulating some pathological processes of the heart through regulating targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator 1α(PGC-1α),protein 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs),and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR).We summarized the synergistic effects of Sirt1 and AMPK in the heart,and listed the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that exhibit cardioprotective properties by modulating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway,to provide a basis for the development of Sirt1/AMPK activators or inhibitors for the treatment of HF and other cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).

Sirtuin 1 in regulating the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis in acute liver failure

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhou et al.The study reveals the connection between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the effect of silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)activation in acute liver failure(ALF).ALF is characterized by a sudden and severe liver injury resulting in significant hepatocyte damage,often posing a high risk of mortality.The predominant form of hepatic cell death in ALF involves apoptosis,ferroptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis,and necroptosis.Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inhibition sensitizes the cell to ferroptosis and triggers cell death,while Gasdermin D(GSDMD)is a mediator of pyroptosis.The study showed that ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF are regulated by blocking the p53/GPX4/GSDMD pathway,bridging the gap between the two processes.The inhibition of p53 elevates the levels of GPX4,reducing the levels of inflammatory and liver injury markers,ferroptotic events,and GSDMDN protein levels.Reduced p53 expression and increased GPX4 on deletion of GSDMD indicated ferroptosis and pyroptosis interaction.SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent deacetylase,and its activation attenuates liver injury and inflammation,accompanied by reduced ferroptosis and pyroptosis-related proteins in ALF.SIRT1 activation also inhibits the p53/GPX4/GSDMD axis by inducing p53 acetylation,attenuating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF.

Novel insights into autophagy in gastrointestinal pathologies,mechanisms in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and acute liver failure

In this editorial,we comment on three articles published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology.There is a pressing need for new research on autophagy's role in gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,and also novel insights into some liver conditions,such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and acute liver failure(ALF).Despite advancements,understanding autophagy's intricate mechanisms and implications in these diseases remains incomplete.Moreover,MAFLD's pathogenesis,encompassing hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysregulation,require further elucidation.Similarly,the mechanisms underlying ALF,a severe hepatic dysfunction,are poorly understood.Innovative studies exploring the interplay between autophagy and GI disorders,as well as defined mechanisms of MAFLD and ALF,are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies to mitigate the global burden of these diseases.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

考虑源荷不确定性和N-1安全约束的电力系统优化调度

大规模风电并网增加了系统运行的不确定因素,文章利用快速可调资源平抑风电和负荷波动引发的功率不平衡,并考虑备用调用过程减少对系统潮流的影响。首先分析了风电和负荷预测误差的概率分布模型;然后,建立含N-1网络安全机会约束和旋转备用机会约束的电力系统优化调度模型,以系统调度总成本最小为目标优化机组出力;最后,基于起作用整数变量的识别方法的Benders分解法处理N-1网络安全约束,提高求解效率。利用修正的IEEE30节点系统,验证了所提模型能够保障系统备用可用性、经济性和安全性,充分挖掘抽水蓄能的快速可调能力。

暹罗芽孢杆菌N-1对芒果果实采后贮藏品质和诱导抗病性的影响

为探究拮抗菌暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis N-1)对芒果果实贮藏品质和抗病性的影响,以‘台农’芒果为试材,经过菌液浸泡处理后于25℃下贮藏,并对芒果果实采后贮藏品质、抗病相关酶活性及对应基因转录水平变化进行了分析。结果表明:与对照(蒸馏水处理)相比,B.siamensis N-1处理能够有效抑制‘台农’芒果病情指数的升高,减少丙二醛(MDA)积累,延缓果实硬度下降,保持较高的总黄酮含量,维持过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、几丁质酶(CHT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和查尓酮异构酶(CHI)活性。转录组数据分析表明共有9987个差异表达基因,主要富集在植物激素信号转导途径、代谢途径、光合作用途径、次生代谢物的生物合成途径以及光合作用-天线蛋白途径中。B.siamensis N-1显著诱导了PAL和WRKY转录因子的基因表达量的上调。综上,暹罗芽孢杆菌可有效维持芒果果实的贮藏品质,诱导果实抗病相关基因表达,抑制病害的发生。

Understanding the molecular crossroads in acute liver failure:A pathway to new therapies

In this editorial we comment on the article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Acute liver failure(ALF)is a critical condition characterized by rapid hepatocellular injury and organ dysfunction,and it often necessitates liver transplant to ensure patient survival.Recent research has eluci-dated the involvement of distinct cell death pathways,namely ferroptosis and pyroptosis,in the pathogenesis of ALF.Ferroptosis is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation,whereas pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death;both pathways contribute to hepatocyte death and exacerbate tissue damage.This comprehensive review explores the interplay between ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF,highlighting the role of key regulators such as silent information regulator sirtuin 1.Insights from clinical and preclinical studies provide valuable perspectives on the dysregulation of cell death pathways in ALF and the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways.Collaboration across multiple disciplines is essential for translating the experimental insights into effective treatments for this life-threatening condition.

射血分数中间值的心力衰竭患者血清Irisin、Metrnl、syndecan-1与超声心动图指标及预后的关系

目的分析射血分数中间值的心力衰竭(HFmrEF)患者血清鸢尾素(Irisin)、流星样蛋白(Metrnl)、多配体蛋白聚糖-1(syndecan-1)与超声心动图指标及预后的关系。方法选择2019年10月—2022年3月在天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院心血管内科住院的HFmrEF患者132例作为HFmrEF组,另选同期体检健康的志愿者102例作为健康对照组。检测2组血清Irisin、Metrnl、syndecan-1水平,并检查2组超声心动图。Pearson相关性分析HFmrEF患者血清Irisin、Metrnl、syndecan-1与超声心动图指标的相关性;HFmrEF患者出院后随访1年,采用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析HFmrEF患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Irisin、Metrnl、syndecan-1预测HFmrEF患者预后不良的价值。结果HFmrEF组血清Irisin、Metrnl水平,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期充盈速度(E)/舒张早期二尖瓣环速度(e')低于健康对照组(t/P=26.188/<0.001、7.671/<0.001、21.702/<0.001、20.261/<0.001),syndecan-1水平、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWD)和舒张末期间隔壁厚度(IVSD)高于健康对照组(t/P=28.682/<0.001、10.067/<0.001、11.061/<0.001、17.371/<0.001、18.950/<0.001)。HFmrEF患者血清Irisin、Metrnl水平与LVEF、E/e'呈正相关,与LVEDD、LVESD,LVPWD、IVSD呈负相关(Irisin:r/P=0.326/<0.001、0.391/<0.001、-0.301/0.003、-0.226/0.021、-0.358/<0.001、-0.423/<0.001,Metrnl:r/P=0.402/<0.001、0.374/<0.001、-0.277/0.007、-0.293/0.005、-0.315/<0.001、-0.338/<0.001);而syndecan-1水平与LVEF、E/e'呈负相关,与LVEDD、LVESD,LVPWD、IVSD呈正相关(r/P=-0.427/<0.001、-0.385/<0.001、0.337/<0.001、0.275/0.008、0.308/0.002、0.265/0.012)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级Ⅳ级、高水平NT-proBNP、高水平syndecan-1是HFmrEF患者预后不良的危险因素[HR(95%CI)=1.165(1.075~5.162),2.353(1.228~4.512),1.551(1.129~2.131)],高水平Irisin、高水平Metrnl是保护因素[HR(95%CI)=0.505(0.312~0.819),0.583(0.374~0.911)]。Irisin、Metrnl、syndecan-1预测HFmrEF患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.775、0.799、0.782,联合预测AUC为0.873,高于单独指标预测(Z=3.025、2.532、2.834,P<0.001、0.012、0.006)。结论HFmrEF患者血清Irisin、Metrnl水平降低,syndecan-1水平增高,且与心功能减退以及预后不良有关。三者联合预测HFmrEF患者预后风险的价值较高。

Mitochondrial dysfunction affects hepatic immune and metabolic remodeling in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-onchronic liver failure

BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation and metabolic derangement have been recognized as key factors that contribute to the progression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).However,the mechanisms underlying immune and metabolic derangement in patients with advanced HBV-ACLF are unclear.AIM To identify the bioenergetic alterations in the liver of patients with HBV-ACLF causing hepatic immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders.METHODS Liver samples were collected from 16 healthy donors(HDs)and 17 advanced HBV-ACLF patients who were eligible for liver transplantation.The mitochondrial ultrastructure,metabolic characteristics,and immune microenvironment of the liver were assessed.More focus was given to organic acid metabolism as well as the function and subpopulations of macrophages in patients with HBV-ACLF.RESULTS Compared with HDs,there was extensive hepatocyte necrosis,immune cell infiltration,and ductular reaction in patients with ACLF.In patients,the liver suffered severe hypoxia,as evidenced by increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.Swollen mitochondria and cristae were observed in the liver of patients.The number,length,width,and area of mitochondria were adaptively increased in hepatocytes.Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation decreased,while anaerobic glycolysis was enhanced in patients with HBV-ACLF.These findings suggested that,to a greater extent,hepa-tocytes used the extra-mitochondrial glycolytic pathway as an energy source.Patients with HBV-ACLF had elevated levels of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 in the liver homogenate,which stimulates peripheral monocyte infiltration into the liver.Characterization and functional analysis of macrophage subsets revealed that patients with ACLF had a high abundance of CD68^(+)HLA-DR^(+)macrophages and elevated levels of both interleukin-1βand transforming growth factor-β1 in their livers.The abundance of CD206^(+)CD163^(+)macrophages and expression of interleukin-10 decreased.The correlation analysis revealed that hepatic organic acid metabolites were closely associated with macrophage-derived cytokines/chemokines.CONCLUSION The results indicated that bioenergetic alteration driven by hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction affects hepatic immune and metabolic remodeling,leading to advanced HBV-ACLF.These findings highlight a new therapeutic target for improving the treatment of HBV-ACLF.

Targeting both ferroptosis and pyroptosis may represent potential therapies for acute liver failure

In this editorial,we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Acute liver failure(ALF)is a fatal disease that causes uncontrolled massive hepatocyte death and rapid loss of liver function.Ferroptosis and pyroptosis,cell death forms that can be initiated or blocked concurrently,can play significant roles in developing inflammation and various malignancies.However,their roles in ALF remain unclear.The article discovered the positive feedback between ferroptosis and pyroptosis in the progression of ALF,and revealed that the silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)inhibits both pathways through p53,dramatically reducing inflammation and protecting hepatocytes.This suggests the potential use of SIRT1 and its downstream molecules as therapeutics for ALF.Thus,we will discuss the role of ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF and the crosstalk between these cell death mechanisms.Additionally,we address potential treatments that could alleviate ALF by simultaneously inhibiting both cell death pathways,as well as examples of SIRT1 activators being used as disease treatment strategies,providing new insights into the therapy of ALF.

芹菜素调控Caveolin-1对慢性心力衰竭大鼠血管紧张素1-7及左室舒张功能的影响

目的:探讨芹菜素通过调控窖蛋白-1(Caveolin-1)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠血管紧张素1-7(Ang1-7)及左室舒张功能的机制研究。方法:按照随机数字表法将大鼠分为假手术(Sham)组、CHF组、芹菜素组、Caveolin-1组及联合组,每组10只,除Sham组外均建立CHF大鼠模型。建模后24 h,芹菜素组大鼠腹腔注射2 mg/kg的芹菜素,Caveolin-1组腹腔注射1.2 mg/kg的Caveolin-1质粒的脂质体溶液,联合组大鼠腹腔注射2 mg/kg的芹菜素及1.2 mg/kg的Caveolin-1质粒的脂质体溶液,Sham组及CHF组大鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。比较各组大鼠心脏收缩及舒张功能指标、血清因子水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色检测心肌组织病理形态;电镜观察心房超微结构;免疫组化检测心肌组织血管生成情况;蛋白免疫印迹检测心肌组织Caveolin-1、缺氧诱导因子1(HIF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白水平。结果:CHF组与Sham组比较,大鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、Ang1-7及Caveolin-1蛋白、HIF-1蛋白、VEGF蛋白降低,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)、肾素活性(PRA)升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);芹菜素组、Caveolin-1组与CHF组比较,大鼠LVEF、LVFS、Ang1-7、Caveolin-1蛋白、HIF-1蛋白、VEGF蛋白及血管数目升高,LVESD、LVEDD、LVEDV、LVESV、AngⅡ、ALD、PRA降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);芹菜素组与Caveolin-1组各指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合组与芹菜素组及Caveolin-1组各指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:芹菜素对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心脏舒张及收缩功能具有改善作用,并可通过上调Ang1-7改善心肌重塑从而保护心脏,其机制可能与激活Caveolin-1表达而增加心肌新生血管相关。

血清N-乙酰神经氨酸、S100钙结合蛋白A1水平预测急性脑梗死患者预后的临床价值

[目的]探讨血清N-乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Ac)及S100钙结合蛋白A1(S100A1)水平预测急性脑梗死(ACI)患者预后的作用.[方法]选择2021年8月—2022年8月间长葛市人民医院收治的80例ACI患者纳入研究组,根据病情分为轻度组(n=35)、中度型(n=30)和重度组(n=15),根据治疗后3个月的随访结果分为预后良好组(n=54)和预后不良组(n=26);另选择同时期行体格检查的70例健康者纳入对照组.所有研究对象均在入院后24 h内检测血清Neu5Ac、S100A1水平,并进行组间比较;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估ACI患者预后临床效能.[结果]研究组血清Neu5Ac、S100A1水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);重度组血清Neu5Ac、S100A1水平明显高于中度组和轻度组(重度组>中度组>轻度组,P<0.05);预后不良组血清Neu5Ac、S100A1水平均明显高于预后良好组(P<0.05);血清Neu5Ac、S100A1预测ACI预后的AUC分别为0.830和0.882,二者联合预测的AUC为0.927.[结论]ACI患者血清Neu5Ac、S100A1水平均明显升高,其水平变化与病情及预后密切相关,两者联合应用预测ACI预后的效果更佳.

连续合成N-(1-乙基丙基)-3,4-二甲基苯胺的催化剂及其性能研究

以3,4-二甲基硝基苯、3-戊酮和氢气为原料,通过自制自动化固定床反应器进行连续加氢和烷基化反应,探索N-(1-乙基丙基)-3,4-二甲基苯胺连续化生产的新工艺,系统考察Sn改性及活性组分铂前驱体对催化剂性能的影响,同时考察反应条件对原料转化率和产物选择性的影响。研究表明,Sn掺杂改性及通过使用氯铂酸钾作为活性组分前驱体可使PtSn/C催化剂活性增加,稳定性增强。在反应温度70℃、反应压力1.5 MPa和氢气原料物质的量比为10条件下,3,4-二甲基硝基苯转化率和N-(1-乙基丙基)-3,4-二甲基苯胺选择性最高,连续运行50 d产物收率均稳定在99%以上。本研究为绿色除草剂二甲戊灵的应用提供了技术支持。

锦鲤N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖-1-磷酸转移酶α/β亚基(GNPTAB)的生物信息学分析及其组织分布和时序表达

论文旨在研究锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. koi)GNPTAB(alpha/beta subunits of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase)基因的分子生物学特征及对维氏气单胞菌感染的应答规律。对锦鲤GNPTAB基因CDS区进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究GNPTAB基因的组织分布和维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)感染机体后的时序表达规律。结果显示,GNPTAB基因CDS区片段长度为3 747 bp,推测编码1 248个氨基酸,含有4个结构域。实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,GNPTAB基因在健康锦鲤各组织中均有表达,在肝脏表达量最高,其次是肌肉、肠道、脾脏、皮肤、中肾、头肾。维氏气单胞菌人工感染锦鲤6~72 h,GNPTAB基因在肠道组织主要呈现上调表达,在肝脏、头肾、脾脏、皮肤、肌肉组织中主要呈现下调表达。维氏气单胞菌感染锦鲤后,GNPTAB基因在这些组织中出现表达差异,推测GNPTAB参与了机体的病理生理过程或免疫应答反应。

以N-1满足率为约束的配电网最大供电能力评估

传统最大供电能力计算需要全网负荷通过N-1校验,对于广泛存在辐射状支路的配电网不完全适用。同时,其计算方法假设各节点负荷为连续变量而最大化全网总负荷,未考虑现状电网已有负荷情况及其自然增长规律,所求得的最大供电能力可能与实际情况脱节。为此,提出一种针对存量配电网的最大供电能力评估方法,将全网负荷100%满足N-1的硬约束松弛为N-1满足率约束,即在通过N-1校验负荷占总负荷的比例大于设定值的条件下求解配电网最大供电能力,同时考虑已有负荷及其增长。该模型最终建立为一混合整数线性规划模型,可被现有求解器有效求解。基于54节点系统的算例表明,所述方法可精确得到各N-1满足率要求下的配电网最大供电能力,并可给出各场景下的设备负载率以进行供电能力提升限制因素分析。