13Cr-L-80钢和N-80钢的电偶腐蚀及缓蚀剂研究

针对文昌13-1/2油田套管设计中采用的13Cr-L-80和N-80两种钢材偶接的情况,采用挂片失重法研究了两种金属在弱酸性完井液中的电偶腐蚀,筛选了抑制该电偶腐蚀的缓蚀剂,并对其缓蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明,在60℃下弱酸性完井液中两种材料偶接时,13Cr-L-80钢腐蚀速度下降,N-80钢的腐蚀速度上升,产生了明显的电偶腐蚀效应。从9种缓蚀剂中筛选出JC-6,在加量1.5%时,13Cr-L-80和N-80偶接、60℃时腐蚀速度分别降至0.012和0.165 mm/a;质量比为9∶1的JC-6与PA复配物(代号JCP-6)使偶接钢材腐蚀速度进一步降低,在加量1.5%时,70℃时的腐蚀速度分别降至0.013和0.069 mm/a。

盐酸溶液中Tween-80和CTAB对Q235钢的缓蚀协同作用

目的探究Tween-80(失水山梨醇单油酸酯聚氧乙烯醚)和CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)共同存在于盐酸溶液中时,两者对钢材的缓蚀协同作用。方法采用失重法、极化曲线、阻抗谱、协同参数、SEM图和AFM图,对钢材腐蚀的电化学特征、Tween-80和CTAB的协同作用效果以及钢材腐蚀后的表面形貌进行探究。结果在各反应温度下,当不同浓度Tween-80与2?10^(-5) mol/L CTAB共同作用于1 mol/L盐酸溶液中时,腐蚀电流密度显著减小,电荷转移电阻显著增大。复配缓蚀剂属于混合型缓蚀剂,能够同时抑制阴极和阳极反应,其缓蚀效率随反应温度升高而下降。当反应温度为30、40、50℃时,复配缓蚀剂分别在Tween-80浓度为5?10^(-6)、2?10^(-5)、2?10^(-5) mol/L的条件下达到最佳缓蚀效果,最佳缓蚀效率分别为97.05%、94.00%和93.96%。SEM图和AFM图显示,钢材在含复配缓蚀剂的盐酸溶液中反应12 h后,表面平坦,平均粗糙度很小。结论Tween-80与CTAB以一定浓度共同存在于盐酸溶液中时,两者之间具有很好的协同作用。复配缓蚀剂能够显著提高缓蚀效率,有效地抑制钢材的腐蚀。

80-3Cr油管钢在CO_(2)驱环境下的性能研究与应用

针对CO_(2)驱高CO_(2)分压、高H_(2)S分压、低温井筒环境造成N80、P110管柱失效的问题,开展了80-3Cr、N80、P110三种管材的耐CO_(2)腐蚀、抗H_(2)S应力腐蚀开裂、耐低温冷脆对比评价试验。结果表明,不同CO_(2)工况条件下,N80、P110、80-3Cr油管在添加缓蚀剂情况下的腐蚀速率分别为0.0549 mm/a、0.0645 mm/a、0.0333 mm/a;80-3Cr油管的腐蚀速率明显低于N80、P110油管;80-3Cr油管在不同H_(2)S环境下均未出现应力腐蚀开裂,具有较好的抗H_(2)S应力腐蚀性能;在-20℃的低温环境下,N80和P110油管冲击功分别只有80-3Cr油管的62.6%和23.2%;80-3Cr油管在CO_(2)驱油现场应用后,管柱失效率从2019年的20%下降到0,取得显著效果。

Tempering microstructure and mechanical properties of pipeline steel X80

The tempering microstructure and mechanical properties of X80 steel used for heating-bent pipe were analyzed. The results show that the microstructure of X80 steel tempered at 550 ℃ and 600 ℃ is bainitic ferrite (BF)+granular bainite (GB), and partial ferrite laths in BF merge and broaden. The interior sub-lath boundary of some GB begins to disappear due to merging, the M/A constituent (a mixture of martensite plus retained austenite) in GB is orbicular. At the two tempering temperatures the tested X80 steel shows a certain degree of tempering stability. After being tempered at 650 ℃, the microstructure of X80 steel is GB+quasi-polygonal ferrite(QF), and the original BF laths have merged to form smaller GB crystal grains. The reason is that the steel shows better match of strength and toughness. After being tempered at 700 ℃ , the microstructure of X80 steel is composed mainly of QF, which can improve the plasticity but decline severely the yield strength of X80, and the M/A constituent assembles and grows up at the grain boundary of QF, resulting in excellent lower low-temperature toughness of X80.

Microstructure and Property of Coarse Grain HAZ X80 Pipeline Steel

The coarse grain HAZ microstructure and property of X80 pipeline steel with different carbon content was investigated. The weld thermal simulation test was carried out on Gleeble 1500 thermal mechanical test machine. The Charpy tests were completed at --20 ℃ for evaluating the toughness of coarse grain heat affected zone （CGHAZ）. The microstructure was examined by optical microscope （OM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and the austenite constituent was quantified by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the ultra-low carbon can improve the toughness of CGHAZ by suppressing the formation of carbide, decreasing the martensite austenite （M-A） constituent and increasing the residual austenite in the M A.

Effect of cooling temperature on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel

Dual-phase accelerated cooling(DPAC) was applied to X80 pipeline steel to obtain its microstructure with different amounts of bainite and ferrite. The microstructure, hardness, and polarization behaviors of the steel, cooled to different temperatures, were investigated. Results showed that, with decreasing cooling temperature, the amount of polygon ferrite(PF) increased while that of acicular ferrite(AF) decreased. The amount of bainite correspondingly decreased, except when cooled to 760°C. Moreover, the grain size of ferrite increased. The corrosion behaviors of different phases were distinct. Martensite/austenite(M/A) islands presented at the grain boundary of the PF phase caused small pits. Numerous micro-corrosion cells were formed in the AF and bainite phases, where micropores were prone to form. X80 pipeline steel cooled to 700°C had the best corrosion resistance in the simulated seawater. The decreased amount of the PF phase reduced the area of cathode, resulting in slight corrosion. About 40 vol% of the bainite phase provided strength while the PF phase provided adequate ductility to the X80 steel. It was concluded that the appropriate cooling temperature was 700°C for ideal corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steels

The relation between microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steels was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, etc. It is shown that the structure consists of polygonal ferrite （PF）, quasi-polygonal ferrite （QPF）, acicular ferrite （AF）, and granular bainitic ferrite （GF）. With increasing volume fraction of M-A islands （below 3%）, the yield strength increases. With increasing content of higher angle grain boundaries（HAGBs）, the yield strength, elongation, and DWTT properties at -15 ℃ increase, and the volume fraction of M-A islands reaches its highest point in the steel containing the most volume fraction of GF.

Effect of anodic dissolution and passivation on X80 steel in NaHCO_(3) solution

The effects of extreme stray current on the anodic dissolution and passivation of X80 steel in NaHCO3 solution were investigated using measurements of polarization curves and EIS,AFM and SEM techniques.Under the interference of anodic current(i=0~200 A/m2),main constituents of corrosion products of X80 steel were FeO(OH)and Fe3 O4.A double-layer film formed at i=00 A/m2,in which FeOOH was in outer and Fe3 O4 lied in inner.The formation mechanism of Fe3 O4 was confirmed and described by the electrochemical reaction in various regions on anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve.

Influence of different microstructural features on impact toughness and crack initiation behavior of coarse grain heat-affected zone in X80 pipeline steel

Coarse grain heat-affected zone samples of X80 pipeline steel under different heat inputs were obtained through thermal welding simulation experiments with Gleeble 3500.Charpy impact tests and a combination of multiscale characterizations were conducted to investigate the influence of various microstructural features on impact toughness and crack initiation behavior.The results prove that, as the heat input increases, the number of M/A components increases, thereby degrading toughness and increasing hardness.Meanwhile, more M/A constituents tend to aggregate on prior austenite grain boundaries(PAGBs),and the overall dimensions of M/A and the width and volume fraction of the lath martensite substructure inside M/A islands would increase as well.These changes make intersections between boundary M/As and PAGBs become one of the preferred sites for crack initiation.In addition, only large-sized grotesque inclusions can act as a direct inducement of crack initiation.

Effects of Carbon on the CG HAZ Toughness and Transformation of X80 Pipeline Steel

X80 pipeline steel produced by TMCP has high strength and high toughness with ultrafine grain microstructure. The mi-crostructure coarsens and the toughness worsens at the coarse grained (CG) HAZ apparently after weld simulation. The experimental results indicated that the bainitic ferrite and the second phases formed at cooling are differently as the variation of carbon in base metal. In low carbon steels, the bainitic ferrite laths are long and narrow, the second phases are complex including residual austenite, martensite, the M-A constituent and the Fe3C carbide. The formation of Fe3C carbide is the main reason of the poor toughness in CG HAZ. The ultralow carbon in base metal, however, can improve the CG HAZ toughness through restraining the formation of carbides, decreasing the M-A constituent, increasing the residual austenite content, which are beneficial to the CG HAZ toughness.

Microstructures and Plane Energy Spectra of X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joints by Submerged Arc Automatic Welding

X80 pipeline steel was welded with submerged arc automatic welding, the microstructures, cavity sizes, fusion depths and plane scanning of chemical elements in the welded zone, fusion zone, heat affected zone and base steel were observed with OM（optical microscope） and SEM（scanning electron microscope）, respectively. The experimental results show that there is main acicular ferrite in the base steel and welded zone, the microscopic structure of fusion zone is a blocked bainite, and the heat affected zone is composed of multilateral ferrite and pearlite. M-A unit of the welded zone is the main factor to strengthen the welded zone, composed of acicular ferrites. The percentage of cavities in the welded joint is less than that in the base steel, which is beneficial to increasing its mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. The fusion depth in the fusion zone and welded zone is 101.13 μm and 115.85 μm, respectively, and the distribution of chemical elements in the welded zone is uniform, no enrichment phenomena.

Experimental investigation on ablation characteristics of coated and uncoated steel under 30/80 μs impulse current

The ablation tests on coated and uncoated Q235 B steel sheets were conducted under 30/80 μs impulse current simulating the lightning first return stroke current, aimed at further understanding the ablation characteristics of steel and investigating the impact of anti-corrosion coating on these characteristics. Ablation characteristics were investigated through the macroscopic morphology and x-ray diffraction patterns on the surface of damaged zones, the microstructure and micro Vickers hardness on the cross-section of damaged zones, and the maximum rear-face temperature of sample sheets. It can be concluded that the ablation areas of uncoated sheet consist of the melted layer and the heat-affect layer. These ablation areas include not only the area ablated directly by the arc root, of which the depth is deeper, but also the area forming due to the splashing of molten steel, of which the depth is shallower and decreases when the area’s distance from the arc attachment point increases. For coated sheet, coating materials have decomposed and evaporated forming an ablation pit on the sheet surface, in which the steel surface is exposed, and zinc filler of coating primer has infused into the exposed surface. The ablation diameter of uncoated sheet relates to the amplitude of the 30/80 μs impulse current in quadratic function, while for coated sheet, the relation is linear. In general, under the 30/80 μs impulse current, the coating can decrease the energy injected from the arc to the steel sheet and reduce the melting and splashing of steel. As a result, the ablation severity of uncoated sheet is severer than that of coated sheet.

Analysis of inclusions and precipitates in tough weld metal of X80 steel

Submerged arc welding(SAW) and gas metal arc welding(GMAW) experiments of Nb-bearing X80 steel were conducted with high-toughness wires.The inclusions in weld metals were analyzed in terms of their types and sizes.In GMAW,the inclusions are primarily Ti, Ca, Si, Al, and Mg compounds with no Nb and are generally less than 0.8 μm in size, whereas, in SAW weld, the inclusions are larger, mostly approximately 2-5 μm in size, and are cored with Ca and Ti, exhibiting obvious oxidation metallurgical features.The SAW joint was hot-deformed, and Nb-bearing nano precipitates were newly found in the weld metal through transmission electron microscopy, and Nb-free core-shell inclusion was found through scanning electron microscopy.The inclusions and precipitates were dispersed in or on the boundaries of acicular ferrite, contributing to acicular ferrite nucleation and grain refinement.

J55钢和80S钢在含硫采出水中的腐蚀电化学行为

油田开发生产中,高含硫+含Cl^(-)环境会引起油管钢严重腐蚀。为了给高含硫+含Cl^(-)环境腐蚀防护方案提供技术依据,通过动电位极化扫描、电化学阻抗测试研究了硫化物含量、Cl^(-)浓度对J55钢和80S钢在高含硫+含Cl^(-)腐蚀环境下电化学腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:随着硫化物含量增大,J55钢和80S钢的腐蚀电位减小,腐蚀倾向性增强,腐蚀电流密度增大,交流阻抗谱的电荷传递电阻减小,腐蚀性增强;随着Cl^(-)浓度增大,J55钢的腐蚀电位增大,腐蚀倾向性减弱,但对80S钢的腐蚀电位(E_(corr))没有呈现规律;对于腐蚀电流密度,J55钢和80S钢的腐蚀电流密度(i_(corr))均随着Cl^(-)浓度增大而增大;80S钢略比J55钢具有较强的抗硫耐蚀性能。

Microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance in simulated CGHAZ of X80 high-deformability pipeline steel

In this study, the microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance in O. 5 M Na2CO3 - 1 M NaHCO3 solution of X80 high-deformability （ X8OHD ） pipeline steel coarse-grained heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） with several heat input levels were investigated. It is shown that the microstructure of CGHAZ changes from bainite ferrite to granular bainite as the heat input increasing. In addition, the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive film of base material are better than those of CGHAZ with several heat input levels. Too small or too big heat input is inadvisable and better corrosion resistance of CGHAZ is attained when heat input is 30 kJ/cm.

Corrosion Inhibition Studies of Benzoxazole Derivates for N80 Steel in 1 M HCl Solution: Synthesis, Experimental, and DTF Studies

Three benzoxazole corrosion inhibitors, namely 2-(benzo [d]oxazol-2-yl)phenol (BOP), 6-(benzo [d]oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-ol (BOPO), and 2-(quinolin-2-yl) benzo [d]oxazole (QBO), were synthesized. Moreover, their corrosion inhibition performance for N80 steel in 1 M HCl solution at 303 K was measured by the electrochemical measurements and surface analysis studies. The results show that the inhibition efficiency of all corrosion inhibitors increases with the increase of concentration. At the same concentration, the order of inhibition efficiency is BOP < BOPO < QBO. Moreover, the studied inhibitors act as mixed-type inhibitors, and the adsorption of all inhibitors on N80 steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Further, we have examined the effect of iodide ions on inhibition efficiency. The results show that BOP and KI are synergistic, BOPO and QBO are competitive adsorptions with KI. The quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, and energy gap were calculated by the density functional theory (DTF). The relations between the inhibition efficiency and some quantum parameters have been discussed. The protective effect of the three inhibitors followed the sequence of BOP < BOPO < QBO. The results obtained from quantum chemicals and electrochemical were in reasonable agreement.

Development of Technology and Equipment for Non-destructive Testing of Defects in Sewing Mandrels of a Three-roll Screw Mill 30-80

The conditions of heating and cooling of piercing mandrels made of 4X5MFS steel of a three-roll screw mill 30-80 in the production of a closed cavity of steel vessels of small volume are determined.It is established that multiple cycles of heating up to 600℃ and cooling with water up to 80℃ for about 7 seconds/1 cycle lead to the formation of ridges,shells and cracks on the surface and in the volume of the tool.The loss of structural strength of the material leads to the breakdown of the mandrel during the stitching process.The technique and equipment of magnetic powder control have been developed to establish the dynamics of the growth of internal and external defects of mandrels.An equation is obtained that allows determining the increase in the number of defects in the sewing tool of a screw rolling mill.The technology of non-destructive testing made it possible to develop a rational plan for replacing the sewing mandrels,which allows for predicting the appearance of defects leading to a complex breakdown of the deforming tool at the NPO Pribor machine-building enterprise.

吐温-80对碳钢在硫酸溶液中的缓蚀作用研究

应用动电位扫描法和交流阻抗法,研究了表面活性剂Tw-80(吐温-80)在硫酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用.研究结果表明,Tw-80在10%的硫酸溶液中能使碳钢发生钝化,当其浓度为47.52 mg/L时,对碳钢的缓蚀效果最好,属于一种以控制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂.

邻硝基苯基荧光酮-吐温80吸光光度法测定钢铁中微量钼

研究了 Mo( ) - ( o- NPF) - Tween80的光度分析条件 ,在 0 .1 mol·L- 1 硫酸介质中 ,配合物组成为 Mo( )∶ ( o- NPF) =1∶ 2 ,λmax=52 8nm,ε表观 =1 .4× 1 0 5,0～ 2 0 μg/2 5ml符合比耳定律。体系允许较大量氟离子存在 ,可消除一定量 Ti( )、Nb( )、Zr( )、Sn( )、Sb( )等离子的严重干扰影响。可直接测定钢铁中微量钼 ,操作简便 ,结果满意。

80t圆柱形LF精炼炉的水模型和三维数值模拟的研究

通过建立的水模型和三维Enler数学模型,试验研究了80 t LF底吹偏心位置对钢水混匀时间和钢包纵截面流场的影响。结果表明,最佳底吹偏心位置为0.550R(钢包半径),使混匀时间短,具有较佳的流场分布,有利于夹杂物上浮与去除。