Biostimulators combined with pesticides can reduce the need for chemical crop protection to yield healthy wheat with high grain quality and nutritional value.The goal of this four-year field study was an assessment of...Biostimulators combined with pesticides can reduce the need for chemical crop protection to yield healthy wheat with high grain quality and nutritional value.The goal of this four-year field study was an assessment of the effects of seven levels of sulfonylurea herbicide,morpholine and triazole fungicides,and humic biostimulator protection on concentrations of 20 amino acids(AAs)and on yield parameters under diverse climatic conditions.Application of pesticides and biostimulators reduced amino acid concentrations.Sulfonylurea applied alone reduced AAs least.Chemical(herbicide+fungicide)protection or its combination with humic biostimulator were the most effective strategies for increasing yield,thousand-kernel weight,spike number,grain surface area,and wet gluten.Reduced dosages of fungicides showed effects on AA content and crop parameter values similar to those of the recommended dosages of fungicides and are in line with the European Commission’s “From Farm to Fork”strategy.Humic biostimulators as agents supporting pesticide protection should be optimized for wheat growth stage to achieve the most desirable wheat parameters and implemented in agricultural practice.展开更多
Selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can enhance brain tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia and reduce cardiopulmonary complications in monkeys. Excitotoxicity induced by the release of a large am...Selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can enhance brain tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia and reduce cardiopulmonary complications in monkeys. Excitotoxicity induced by the release of a large amount of excitatory amino acids after cerebral ischemia is the major mechanism underlying ischemic brain injury and nerve cell death. In the present study, we used selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion to block the bilateral common carotid arteries and/or bilateral vertebral arteries in rhesus monkey, followed by reperfusion using Ringer＇s solution at 4~C. Microdialysis and transmission electron microscope results showed that selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion inhibited the release of glutamic acid into the extracellular fluid in the brain frontal lobe and relieved pathological injury in terms of the ultrastructure of brain tissues after severe cerebral ischemia. These findings indicate that cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can inhibit cytotoxic effects and attenuate ischemic/ hypoxic brain injury through decreasing the release of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamic acid.展开更多
To evaluate the effect of amino acid cardioplegia on myocardial metabolism and function of ischemic canine heart, canine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model was established and the dog heart was subjected to a 120 min ...To evaluate the effect of amino acid cardioplegia on myocardial metabolism and function of ischemic canine heart, canine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model was established and the dog heart was subjected to a 120 min ischemic arrest. Animals were divided into 3 groups, group 1:warm blood cardioplegia induction and terminal perfusion plus 4 C ST. Thomas hospital solution (STS)during ischemia;group 2: warm blood cardioplegia enriched with amino acid (L-asparte and L-glutamate 13 mmol/L each) and STS without amino acid (A.G.) and group 3:both warm blood cardioplegic solution and STS enriched with A. G..The result demonstrated that the cardiac function of animals in group 2 and 3 had a significantly better recovery after ischemic-re-perfusion. By the end of ischemia the content of myocardial ATP in group 3 was distinctly higher than that in group 1(P<0. 05), with the release of cardiac enzyme being the least. Myocardial ultra-structure almost remained intact before and after ischemia. Our experiment suggests that the cardioplegia arrest with warm blood and cold crystalloid solution enriched with amino acids could diminish the ischemia-re-perfusion injuries of the heart and enhance the effect of myocardial protection.展开更多
There are many rumen protected amino acid products available for dairy cattle feeding. However, feed formulation programs require values related to rumen solubility, rate of disappearance in the rumen and total tract ...There are many rumen protected amino acid products available for dairy cattle feeding. However, feed formulation programs require values related to rumen solubility, rate of disappearance in the rumen and total tract digestibility and often such values are not available. In vivo testing procedures are complex, time consuming and expensive. This study was conducted to determine if a newrapid, lower cost in vitro method developed for feed ingredients could be applied to a rumen protected lysine product (DairynatLys-30, Jefo Nutrition Inc). In vivo determination of the rapidly solubilized protein fraction, rate of degradation of the slowly solubilized fraction and total tract digestibility studies were compared to the in vitro method in use in many ingredient analysis laboratories for feed ingredients such as forages, protein supplements and grains. Results showed that the rapidly soluble fraction (8.33% and 8.66% of total N for in vivo and in vitro methods) and rates of disappearance in the rumen (2.64%/h and 2.43%/h for in vivo and in vitro procedures) compared favorably between the two methods for the rumen protected product. Total tract digestibility values were slightly higher (84.4%) with the in vivo method used than with the in vitro method (75.9%), and both are in the expected calculated range of digestibility of 80%. In conclusion the in vitro method appears to be an acceptable alternative for evaluating rumen protected amino acids.展开更多
The experiment was designed to determine the effect of protected lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) supply on milk protein profile in grazing dairy cows specifically in the caseins (CNs) and α-lactalbumin fractions. T...The experiment was designed to determine the effect of protected lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) supply on milk protein profile in grazing dairy cows specifically in the caseins (CNs) and α-lactalbumin fractions. Twelve multiparous mid lactation Holstein cows producing 24 (±4.76) kg of milk were assigned to one of two treatments (six cows per treatment) during an experimental period of 21 days. In the control (C) group, cows grazed a Pennisetum clandestinum pasture and were supplemented with a commercial concentrate according to milk production. In the Met-Lys treatment, cows received the same ration supplemented with protected Lys and Met. Milk yield and composition and milk protein profile were measured at the start and the end (21st day) of the experimental period. The Tricine-SDS-PAGE and the Gel-Quant Express Analysis (Invitrogen) software were used to determine milk protein composition. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS’s PROC MIXED procedure through a mixed model that included the animal as a random effect and the treatments as a fixed effect adjusted by covariables. Milk production averaged 23.7 (±2.0) kg cow-1 day-1 without differences between treatments (P P -1 day-1) compared to C (24.2 kg cow-1 day-1). Milk protein content (g/kg) did not differ (C = 30.4;Met-Lys = 31.1) and lactose content tended (P P β-CN also increased (P < 0.05) after protected aminoacid supply (C = 9.58;Met-Lys = 10.35). It can be concluded that milk protein composition was improved by protected Lys-Met supply without altering other compositional parameters of milk composition. Milk nutritional quality and its potential yield for cheese-making were positively enhanced.展开更多
A novel organophosphorus compound containing the structure of bothβ-amino acid andβ-aminophosphonate is designed and synthesized.Arbuzov reaction with P（OEt）_3,the N-Boc protected iodide 3 cannot provide the desir...A novel organophosphorus compound containing the structure of bothβ-amino acid andβ-aminophosphonate is designed and synthesized.Arbuzov reaction with P（OEt）_3,the N-Boc protected iodide 3 cannot provide the desired product but 2-oxazolidinone 4 because of the neighboring-group participation of the Boc moiety.To avoid the intramolecular participation of the carbamates,the Ts protecting group is employed and the Ts-protected iodide 5 affords the target product successfully.展开更多
目的:本研究利用CiteSpace软件对近10年来氨基酸辐射防护领域的文献进行计量学分析,探讨该领域的形成、发展、热点和趋势。方法:数据源为Web of Science数据库中经过去重和筛选的核心合集,包含了与辐射损伤相关的氨基酸研究的413篇文献...目的:本研究利用CiteSpace软件对近10年来氨基酸辐射防护领域的文献进行计量学分析,探讨该领域的形成、发展、热点和趋势。方法:数据源为Web of Science数据库中经过去重和筛选的核心合集,包含了与辐射损伤相关的氨基酸研究的413篇文献。利用CiteSpace软件对这些文献进行了可视化分析,从多个维度和角度总结了该领域的关键词及其聚类等信息。结果:这些文献反映出该领域的研究呈现出动态的、不断发展的趋势,吸引了众多学者的研究兴趣。在国家/机构分布方面,中国、美国和印度等国发文量较高,而英国和印度等国的发文中心性较强。关键词分析发现,紫外线辐射、氧化应激、类霉菌素氨基酸、抗氧化活性等方面是该领域的研究热点,而DNA损伤、光保护和卟啉-334等突现关键词则具有研究潜力。聚类分析发现,紫外线辐射防护、类霉菌素氨基酸、谷氨酸和辅助放疗是该领域的主要研究方向,并整理出各种辐射防护相关的氨基酸及其衍生物。结论:通过对氨基酸辐射防护领域的现状、热点及趋势进行的可视化,为未来的氨基酸食品的开发和辐射防护的研究提供有价值的指导与展望。自核废水事件引发广泛关注后,市场对于天然无害的辐射防护产品需求激增,特别是氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发潜力巨大。但目前氨基酸辐射保护作用的构效或机制研究并不深入,仍需要加强多机构合作、多中心交流、聚焦研究热点关键词,助力氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发。在核污水不断蔓延的背景下,以食品科技为盾,守护人类的身体健康。展开更多
The cationized 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids were analyzed by the electros-pray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). A rearrangement reaction leading to the C-terminal hydroxyl gr...The cationized 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids were analyzed by the electros-pray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). A rearrangement reaction leading to the C-terminal hydroxyl group transfer was observed. The sodium adducts of Fmoc-OH was formed. A possible rearrangement mechanism was proposed. The rearrangement reaction depended on the Fmoc group, metal ions and metal ion radius. It was shown that the Fmoc group has a strong affinity to the hydroxyl group in the gas phase.展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Education and Science in Poland in terms of designated subsidy among statutory activities(SIB-01,SIB-03).
文摘Biostimulators combined with pesticides can reduce the need for chemical crop protection to yield healthy wheat with high grain quality and nutritional value.The goal of this four-year field study was an assessment of the effects of seven levels of sulfonylurea herbicide,morpholine and triazole fungicides,and humic biostimulator protection on concentrations of 20 amino acids(AAs)and on yield parameters under diverse climatic conditions.Application of pesticides and biostimulators reduced amino acid concentrations.Sulfonylurea applied alone reduced AAs least.Chemical(herbicide+fungicide)protection or its combination with humic biostimulator were the most effective strategies for increasing yield,thousand-kernel weight,spike number,grain surface area,and wet gluten.Reduced dosages of fungicides showed effects on AA content and crop parameter values similar to those of the recommended dosages of fungicides and are in line with the European Commission’s “From Farm to Fork”strategy.Humic biostimulators as agents supporting pesticide protection should be optimized for wheat growth stage to achieve the most desirable wheat parameters and implemented in agricultural practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30960398the 47th Post-doctoral Scientific Foundation of China, No. 20100470376the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province, No.2009CD178
文摘Selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can enhance brain tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia and reduce cardiopulmonary complications in monkeys. Excitotoxicity induced by the release of a large amount of excitatory amino acids after cerebral ischemia is the major mechanism underlying ischemic brain injury and nerve cell death. In the present study, we used selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion to block the bilateral common carotid arteries and/or bilateral vertebral arteries in rhesus monkey, followed by reperfusion using Ringer＇s solution at 4~C. Microdialysis and transmission electron microscope results showed that selective cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion inhibited the release of glutamic acid into the extracellular fluid in the brain frontal lobe and relieved pathological injury in terms of the ultrastructure of brain tissues after severe cerebral ischemia. These findings indicate that cerebral deep hypothermia and blood flow occlusion can inhibit cytotoxic effects and attenuate ischemic/ hypoxic brain injury through decreasing the release of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamic acid.
文摘To evaluate the effect of amino acid cardioplegia on myocardial metabolism and function of ischemic canine heart, canine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model was established and the dog heart was subjected to a 120 min ischemic arrest. Animals were divided into 3 groups, group 1:warm blood cardioplegia induction and terminal perfusion plus 4 C ST. Thomas hospital solution (STS)during ischemia;group 2: warm blood cardioplegia enriched with amino acid (L-asparte and L-glutamate 13 mmol/L each) and STS without amino acid (A.G.) and group 3:both warm blood cardioplegic solution and STS enriched with A. G..The result demonstrated that the cardiac function of animals in group 2 and 3 had a significantly better recovery after ischemic-re-perfusion. By the end of ischemia the content of myocardial ATP in group 3 was distinctly higher than that in group 1(P<0. 05), with the release of cardiac enzyme being the least. Myocardial ultra-structure almost remained intact before and after ischemia. Our experiment suggests that the cardioplegia arrest with warm blood and cold crystalloid solution enriched with amino acids could diminish the ischemia-re-perfusion injuries of the heart and enhance the effect of myocardial protection.
文摘There are many rumen protected amino acid products available for dairy cattle feeding. However, feed formulation programs require values related to rumen solubility, rate of disappearance in the rumen and total tract digestibility and often such values are not available. In vivo testing procedures are complex, time consuming and expensive. This study was conducted to determine if a newrapid, lower cost in vitro method developed for feed ingredients could be applied to a rumen protected lysine product (DairynatLys-30, Jefo Nutrition Inc). In vivo determination of the rapidly solubilized protein fraction, rate of degradation of the slowly solubilized fraction and total tract digestibility studies were compared to the in vitro method in use in many ingredient analysis laboratories for feed ingredients such as forages, protein supplements and grains. Results showed that the rapidly soluble fraction (8.33% and 8.66% of total N for in vivo and in vitro methods) and rates of disappearance in the rumen (2.64%/h and 2.43%/h for in vivo and in vitro procedures) compared favorably between the two methods for the rumen protected product. Total tract digestibility values were slightly higher (84.4%) with the in vivo method used than with the in vitro method (75.9%), and both are in the expected calculated range of digestibility of 80%. In conclusion the in vitro method appears to be an acceptable alternative for evaluating rumen protected amino acids.
文摘The experiment was designed to determine the effect of protected lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) supply on milk protein profile in grazing dairy cows specifically in the caseins (CNs) and α-lactalbumin fractions. Twelve multiparous mid lactation Holstein cows producing 24 (±4.76) kg of milk were assigned to one of two treatments (six cows per treatment) during an experimental period of 21 days. In the control (C) group, cows grazed a Pennisetum clandestinum pasture and were supplemented with a commercial concentrate according to milk production. In the Met-Lys treatment, cows received the same ration supplemented with protected Lys and Met. Milk yield and composition and milk protein profile were measured at the start and the end (21st day) of the experimental period. The Tricine-SDS-PAGE and the Gel-Quant Express Analysis (Invitrogen) software were used to determine milk protein composition. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS’s PROC MIXED procedure through a mixed model that included the animal as a random effect and the treatments as a fixed effect adjusted by covariables. Milk production averaged 23.7 (±2.0) kg cow-1 day-1 without differences between treatments (P P -1 day-1) compared to C (24.2 kg cow-1 day-1). Milk protein content (g/kg) did not differ (C = 30.4;Met-Lys = 31.1) and lactose content tended (P P β-CN also increased (P < 0.05) after protected aminoacid supply (C = 9.58;Met-Lys = 10.35). It can be concluded that milk protein composition was improved by protected Lys-Met supply without altering other compositional parameters of milk composition. Milk nutritional quality and its potential yield for cheese-making were positively enhanced.
文摘A novel organophosphorus compound containing the structure of bothβ-amino acid andβ-aminophosphonate is designed and synthesized.Arbuzov reaction with P（OEt）_3,the N-Boc protected iodide 3 cannot provide the desired product but 2-oxazolidinone 4 because of the neighboring-group participation of the Boc moiety.To avoid the intramolecular participation of the carbamates,the Ts protecting group is employed and the Ts-protected iodide 5 affords the target product successfully.
文摘目的:本研究利用CiteSpace软件对近10年来氨基酸辐射防护领域的文献进行计量学分析,探讨该领域的形成、发展、热点和趋势。方法:数据源为Web of Science数据库中经过去重和筛选的核心合集,包含了与辐射损伤相关的氨基酸研究的413篇文献。利用CiteSpace软件对这些文献进行了可视化分析,从多个维度和角度总结了该领域的关键词及其聚类等信息。结果:这些文献反映出该领域的研究呈现出动态的、不断发展的趋势,吸引了众多学者的研究兴趣。在国家/机构分布方面,中国、美国和印度等国发文量较高,而英国和印度等国的发文中心性较强。关键词分析发现,紫外线辐射、氧化应激、类霉菌素氨基酸、抗氧化活性等方面是该领域的研究热点,而DNA损伤、光保护和卟啉-334等突现关键词则具有研究潜力。聚类分析发现,紫外线辐射防护、类霉菌素氨基酸、谷氨酸和辅助放疗是该领域的主要研究方向,并整理出各种辐射防护相关的氨基酸及其衍生物。结论:通过对氨基酸辐射防护领域的现状、热点及趋势进行的可视化,为未来的氨基酸食品的开发和辐射防护的研究提供有价值的指导与展望。自核废水事件引发广泛关注后,市场对于天然无害的辐射防护产品需求激增,特别是氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发潜力巨大。但目前氨基酸辐射保护作用的构效或机制研究并不深入,仍需要加强多机构合作、多中心交流、聚焦研究热点关键词,助力氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发。在核污水不断蔓延的背景下,以食品科技为盾,守护人类的身体健康。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20272032 and 20320130046)the Ministry of Education of China and Tsinghua University,Doctor Candidate Innovation Foundation in Tsinghua University(Grant No.092430018).
文摘The cationized 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids were analyzed by the electros-pray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). A rearrangement reaction leading to the C-terminal hydroxyl group transfer was observed. The sodium adducts of Fmoc-OH was formed. A possible rearrangement mechanism was proposed. The rearrangement reaction depended on the Fmoc group, metal ions and metal ion radius. It was shown that the Fmoc group has a strong affinity to the hydroxyl group in the gas phase.
