The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysi...The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysis of hepatocyte incubations with revealed that phenols were the major metabolites in both cases. P1NA formed one phenolic metabolite only, while incubation with P2NA yielded two phenols identified as 6-hydroxy-P2NA and 4'-hydroxy-P2NA by cochromatography with authentic samples. β-naphthylamine, a metabolite indicating dephenylation of P2NA was not detectable.Metabolism studies with microsomes revealed that the phenols were formed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene both increased the rate of microsomal metabolism of P1NA and P2NA, indicating that more than one P-450 enzyme mediate the oxygenation reaction. Animal pretreatment with single and repeated doses of P1NA and P2NA did not markedly stimulate metabolism, but induced ethylmorphine demethylatior. in males and females and benzo (a)pyrene hydroxylation in females.展开更多
The acidity and basicity of the solvents can influence the reaction outcome notably,and hence the precise measurement of pH is important for reaction.However,not all the pH values of organic solvents can be determined...The acidity and basicity of the solvents can influence the reaction outcome notably,and hence the precise measurement of pH is important for reaction.However,not all the pH values of organic solvents can be determined with a classic pH meter straightly.In this research,the acidity and basicity of environmentally friendly green solvents,such as ZnCl_(2) molten salt hydrate,ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs),were characterized by 31P and 1 H NMR spectroscopy using trimethylphosphine oxide(TMPO)and pyrrole as probe molecules at 298 K.For the ZnCl_(2) molten salt hydrate,the acidic strength of the ZnCl_(2) molten salt hydrate increased with the concentration of ZnCl_(2).By using the ^(1)H-pyrrole NMR approach,it was found that the base strength of amino acid-based ILs follows the order:[Ch][Lys]>[Ch][His].展开更多
A simple synthesis of 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives from the reaction of enaminone withα-haloketones,under solvent-free conditions,is described.
A novel Cu(OAc)_(2)•H_(2)O catalyzed coupling reaction of N-substituted-2-iodobenzamides with malononitrile to afford N-substituted-3-amino-4-cyano-isoquinoline-1(2H)-ones is described.The reaction proceeded in DMSO a...A novel Cu(OAc)_(2)•H_(2)O catalyzed coupling reaction of N-substituted-2-iodobenzamides with malononitrile to afford N-substituted-3-amino-4-cyano-isoquinoline-1(2H)-ones is described.The reaction proceeded in DMSO at 90℃ for 5 h in nitrogen without external ligands.展开更多
文摘The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysis of hepatocyte incubations with revealed that phenols were the major metabolites in both cases. P1NA formed one phenolic metabolite only, while incubation with P2NA yielded two phenols identified as 6-hydroxy-P2NA and 4'-hydroxy-P2NA by cochromatography with authentic samples. β-naphthylamine, a metabolite indicating dephenylation of P2NA was not detectable.Metabolism studies with microsomes revealed that the phenols were formed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene both increased the rate of microsomal metabolism of P1NA and P2NA, indicating that more than one P-450 enzyme mediate the oxygenation reaction. Animal pretreatment with single and repeated doses of P1NA and P2NA did not markedly stimulate metabolism, but induced ethylmorphine demethylatior. in males and females and benzo (a)pyrene hydroxylation in females.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.U1710106,U1810111)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(international cooperation)(grant no.201703D421041)the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative(grant no.2015VMB052).
文摘The acidity and basicity of the solvents can influence the reaction outcome notably,and hence the precise measurement of pH is important for reaction.However,not all the pH values of organic solvents can be determined with a classic pH meter straightly.In this research,the acidity and basicity of environmentally friendly green solvents,such as ZnCl_(2) molten salt hydrate,ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs),were characterized by 31P and 1 H NMR spectroscopy using trimethylphosphine oxide(TMPO)and pyrrole as probe molecules at 298 K.For the ZnCl_(2) molten salt hydrate,the acidic strength of the ZnCl_(2) molten salt hydrate increased with the concentration of ZnCl_(2).By using the ^(1)H-pyrrole NMR approach,it was found that the base strength of amino acid-based ILs follows the order:[Ch][Lys]>[Ch][His].
文摘A simple synthesis of 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives from the reaction of enaminone withα-haloketones,under solvent-free conditions,is described.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20772088 and 21172163)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for funding this work.
文摘A novel Cu(OAc)_(2)•H_(2)O catalyzed coupling reaction of N-substituted-2-iodobenzamides with malononitrile to afford N-substituted-3-amino-4-cyano-isoquinoline-1(2H)-ones is described.The reaction proceeded in DMSO at 90℃ for 5 h in nitrogen without external ligands.
