Secure symbol level precoding for cell-free network based on band-region constraint of the eavesdropper’s receiving signal

A symbol level secure precoding scheme based on band-region constraint of the eavesdropper’s receiving signal is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of cell-free multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)networks in the presence of an eavesdropper while guaranteeing the quality of service(QoS)of user and the security of system.Moreover,to lighten its high computational complexity,original problem is divided into several cascade sub-problems firstly,and then those sub-problems are handled by combining Lagrangian dual function and improved Hooke-Jeeves method together.Comparative ex-periment with other secure symbol-level precoding schemes demonstrate that proposed scheme can achieve the lower power consumption with almost same symbol error rate and QoS of user.

A Formal Model of Conformity and Security Testing of Inheritance for Object Oriented Constraint Programming

This paper presents an approach for extending the constraint model defined for conformity testing of a given method of class to its overriding method in subclass using inheritance principle. The first objective of the proposed work is to find the relationship between the test model of an overriding method and its overridden method using the constraint propagation. In this context the approach shows that the test cases developed for testing an original method can be used for testing its overriding method in a subclass and then the number of test cases can be reduced considerably. The second objective is the use of invalid data which do not satisfy the precondition constraint and induce valid output values for introducing a new concept of test called secure testing. The implementation of this approach is based on a random generation of test data and analysis by formal proof.

A Quick Method for Judging the Feasibility of Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problems within Lagrangian Relaxation Framework

Generally, the procedure for Solving Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problems within Lagrangian Relaxation framework is partitioned into two stages: one is to obtain feasible SCUC states;the other is to solve the economic dispatch of generation power among all the generating units. The core of the two stages is how to determine the feasibility of SCUC states. The existence of ramp rate constraints and security constraints increases the difficulty of obtaining an analytical necessary and sufficient condition for determining the quasi-feasibility of SCUC states at each scheduling time. However, a numerical necessary and sufficient numerical condition is proposed and proven rigorously based on Benders Decomposition Theorem. Testing numerical example shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the condition.

Study on soybean potential productivity and food security in China under the influence of COVID-19 outbreak

The COVID-19 outbreak that became a global pandemic in early 2020 is starting to affect agricultural supply chains and leading to a rapid rise in global food prices.As many grain exporting countries announced a ban on grain exports,food security issues in China have attracted a significant international attention.Based on the Suitability Distribution Model and Soybean-Cereal Constraint Model,we explored the relationship between soybean production potential and food security.We calculated that the soybean potential planting area in China is 164.3 million ha.If the outbreak prevents China from importing soybeans,soybean planting area will need to be increased by 6.9 times to satisfy the demands.In the meantime,cereal self-sufficiency rate will drop to 63.4%,which will greatly affect food security.Each additional unit of soybean production will reduce 3.9 units of cereal production,and 1%increase in the self-sufficiency rate of soybean will result in a 0.63%drop in the self-sufficiency rate of cereal.Without sacrificing the self-sufficiency rate of cereal,the self-sufficiency rate of soybean is limited to 42%.Consequently,China will still need to import more than 68%of the current import volume of soybean.Although in the short term,the outbreak will not affect food security in China,as soybean imports decrease,insufficient supply of soybeans will affect people’s quality of life.To prevent the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak,China should increase soybean stocks and strengthen international cooperation.In the long term,increasing the self-sufficiency rate is a fundamental solution to solving soybean import dependency.The key to increasing soybean cultivation is by making soybean cultivation profitable and by building a sustainable soybean planting chain.

Formal Analysis on an Extended Security Model for Database Systems

In order to develop highly secure database systems to meet the requirements for class B2, the BLP （Bell-LaPudula） model is extended according to the features of database systems. A method for verifying security model for database systems is pro- posed. According to this method, an analysis by using Coq proof assistant to ensure the correctness and security of the extended model is introduced. Our formal security model has been verified secure. This work demonstrates that our verification method is effective and sufficient.

A Study on the Restricted Factors of the Integration of Urban and Rural Low- security in China

With the deepening of the national urban and rural development strategy and the development of urban and rural integration, all levels of government are committed to narrowing the gap between rural and urban subsistence allowances. However, the inherent urban and rural differences and path dependence determines the integration of urban and rural low-cost integration is far from the standard can be achieved, the institutional environment and the operating environment are not in the same starting line of the facts, determines the ＂integration＂ will need to go through a long period of time Time of urban and rural development can be gradually achieved. At present, China＇s widespread implementation of the distinction between urban and rural residents minimum riving security system, not only difficult to play its due security ftmction, but further exacerbated the vicious cycle of dual society, the economic and social development is extremely unfavorable.

计及N-k网络安全约束的二阶段鲁棒机组组合

为提高调度决策的安全性以增强其应对偶发线路故障扰动的能力,文中提出一种计及N-k网络安全约束的二阶段鲁棒机组组合模型。首先,介绍了2种当前研究中采用的N-k不确定集合,并对集合特点进行了阐述;其次,基于2种N-k不确定集合,构建了一般形式的二阶段鲁棒机组组合模型。其中,第一阶段为线路故障前的机组启停决策;第二阶段为观测到线路故障最坏情况下的经济调度决策。所提模型可采用列与约束生成(C&CG)算法将第一阶段、第二阶段问题分别对应转化为主问题与子问题进行迭代求解,并且运用对偶原理和线性化技术,可将主问题与子问题均转化为混合整数线性规划(MILP)模型。最后,通过对IEEE 14节点及IEEE 118节点系统的测试分析,验证了所提模型的有效性。

考虑碳流约束的电力系统能碳安全域模型与计算方法

针对当前电力系统碳减排任务与安全稳定运行需求,研究电力系统低碳安全运行技术。现有的能量流安全域模型使电力系统安全监视与控制更加科学有效,但忽略了系统运行过程中可能存在的“高碳”风险。文中提出了一种考虑碳流约束的电力系统能碳耦合安全域(简称能碳安全域)模型与计算方法,旨在保证系统安全性的同时减排提效。为完整刻画电力系统的低碳运行能力极限,分别从负荷端和源端角度提出了考虑碳流约束的系统最大供电能力曲线及最大消纳能力曲线模型。基于系统最大供电能力工作点,提出了能碳安全边界仿真拟合计算方法,实现了能碳安全域的降维观测。最后,结合算例验证了所提模型的有效性。

认真践行“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路 加快实施水资源刚性约束制度

近年来,水资源管理工作认真贯彻落实习近平总书记“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路,相关工作取得积极进展和成效。在学习研究“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路、总结水资源管理工作的基础上,以加快实施水资源刚性约束制度为主线,提出了当前和今后一个时期水资源管理的思路和重点。

基于热启动的大规模安全约束机组组合模型的快速求解方法

大规模安全约束机组组合(security constrained unit commitment,SCUC)问题的混合整数线性规划(mixed integer linear programming,MILP)模型因其高维、非凸的特点导致求解困难,尤其在考虑故障态安全约束后模型规模骤增,MILP算法常遇到收敛间隙下降瓶颈问题。为满足现货市场出清对SCUC问题求解时间的要求,提出了基于热启动的快速求解方法,从待求模型的一个可行解出发,根据节点边际电价和机组收益分析进行整数变量固定,同时削减无约束力的安全约束,以缩减模型规模,加快收敛进程。仿真结果表明:所提方法能够大幅缩减SCUC模型规模,尤其对于考虑故障态安全约束的大规模SCUC问题,能有效克服收敛间隙下降瓶颈问题,求解效率提高特别显著。

基于特征约束和自适应损失平衡的机器遗忘方法

随着数字化进程的加速推进,数据要素已成为现代社会运转的核心驱动力.由于深度学习模型训练需要大量数据作为输入,其数据隐私保护问题也愈发重要.机器遗忘技术使模型能够删除特定数据的影响,同时保持对剩余数据的泛化性能,为深度学习模型中的数据要素安全保护提供了有效的解决方案.现有的机器遗忘方法主要分为精确遗忘和近似遗忘2类,但前者需要干预模型原始训练流程,后者则在遗忘效果和模型泛化能力之间难以找到平衡点.为此,提出了一种基于特征约束和自适应损失平衡的近似遗忘框架.首先,对于“遗忘”过程,使用同样未经过遗忘样本训练的随机模型作为教师来引导遗忘模型的特征输出,实现模型对数据要素在特征层面的遗忘.然后,采用少量剩余数据进行微调训练,来“恢复”模型对于其他数据的泛化性能.将上述机器遗忘框架视为一个多任务优化问题,在“遗忘”和“恢复”2个任务中引入自适应损失平衡,实现任务的稳步训练.以卷积神经网络模型为例,在3个公开数据集上对比了UNSIR等多种基线方法,实验结果表明,该方法构建的遗忘模型不仅保障了机器遗忘效果,在剩余数据的准确率、时间开销、预测结果分布等指标上优于同类方法,更加有效地保护了模型的泛化性能.

社保费负担、创新挤出与企业生产率--基于社保费征管体制改革的研究

税务部门全责征收社保费,有助于社保费征缴体系的规范,但社保征缴力度的加强增加了企业税费负担,挤出了企业创新投入,不利于生产率的提升。2019年中国开始全面推行税务部门全责征收社保费,但自2000年起,广东、浙江、福建等六个省份已陆续完成税务全责征收试点。本文利用1998-2013年中国工业企业数据,使用双重差分模型,评估了税务全责征收社保费改革对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果显示,改革显著降低了企业全要素生产率。政策实施后,企业全要素生产率平均降低16%。进一步检验税务全责征收模式影响企业全要素生产率的机制发现,改革增加了企业的社保费负担,缩减了企业现金流,加深了企业融资约束程度,从而挤出了企业的创新投入,导致企业研发投入和申请专利数量显著下降。本文结论表明,在推行税务全责征收社保费、规范社保征收体系的同时,应考虑激发市场主体的活力,缓释改革对企业生产带来的阵痛,为企业纾困解难。

考虑运行状态信息的综合能源系统图强化学习优化调度

“双碳”背景下,异质能源的耦合加剧迫使综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)拓扑朝着更复杂、更灵活的方向不断演变。然而,现有优化调度方法对非欧网络拓扑知识及其异质潮流约束考虑不足。针对这一问题,提出一种基于图强化学习的综合能源系统优化调度方法。首先,基于图理论在保证节点多样状态的情况下,将异质能源网络拓扑转换为网络图模型。其次,通过建立基于真实图映射的状态-动作-奖励的框架,利用图强化学习的方法学习图模型的非欧拓扑信息,将异质潮流知识加入系统节点运行状态,从而实现IES的安全优化调度。最后,利用某工业园区的真实数据进行仿真验证,所提方法相对于传统方法有效缓解了节点电压越限的问题。结果表明,所提方法能够在考虑IES真实拓扑运行状态信息和异质潮流安全的情况下实现IES的优化调度。

基于低秩逼近代理模型的N-1安全约束经济调度快速计算方法

随着新能源并网比例不断提高,为保障电力系统可靠运行,安全约束经济调度(SCED)需要考虑海量的N-1安全约束,对模型求解造成极大的计算负担.N-1安全约束中只有少量约束在计算过程中起作用,剔除大量冗余约束有助于提高SCED模型的求解效率.提出基于低秩逼近(LRA)代理模型的SCED模型快速计算方法,首先构建考虑风力发电、光伏的SCED模型,并根据SCED模型的历史运行信息建立LRA代理模型;其次基于LRA代理模型的估计结果辨识关键约束和构建积极约束集,并提出基于LRA的SCED模型迭代求解流程;最后在IEEE 39节点系统下进行算例仿真.仿真结果表明,LRA代理模型与SCED模型的求解结果误差小于10%,约束辨识准确率高,所提求解流程的平均迭代求解时间降低了50%以上,显著提高了SCED模型的求解效率.

正规金融支农能保障粮食安全吗?——基于县域金融机构涉农贷款增量奖励试点的准实验评估

本文利用2007—2016年县域粮食生产数据,以2009年开始试点的涉农贷款增量奖励政策作为准自然实验研究金融支农对粮食安全的影响。研究发现:(1)涉农贷款增量奖励政策能够显著提高粮食的产量,且对粮食主产区和非粮食主产区都具有显著的正向作用,但对非粮食主产区的影响效应要强于粮食主产区。此外,该政策影响效果随着工业化水平提高而逐渐减弱。(2)机制检验表明,该政策的实施能够提高正规金融机构涉农贷款余额,有助于缓解粮食生产的信贷约束问题。(3)进一步研究表明,支农金融政策的实施能够鼓励各地农业企业的成立,提高农业机械和农业劳动力的投入水平,但对于各地有效灌溉面积不存在显著影响。

多维因素制约下新能源消纳能力评估方法研究综述

大规模新能源的安全高效消纳矛盾是构建新型电力系统过程中亟待解决的关键科学问题。由于新能源渗透率是制约新型电力系统调节能力和抗扰动性能的重要边界,准确评估新能源极限消纳能力对电力系统规划、运行与控制具有重要意义。该文对新能源消纳能力评估方法的国内外研究现状及发展趋势进行了全面述评。首先,诠释新能源消纳能力的基本概念和评估指标;基于新能源出力特点以及新型电力系统“源–网–荷”演化趋势,深入阐述制约新能源消纳能力的关键因素;为了应对新型电力系统在新能源高比例渗入过程中面临的共性问题与挑战,构建了新能源消纳能力评估的总体研究框架,从电力电量平衡、安全稳定约束和电能质量3方面对当前新能源消纳能力评估方法的国内外研究现状进行述评;最后,展望了未来该领域仍需重点研究的方向。

风险投资对初创企业出口供应链多元的影响研究

初创企业稳定发展是塑造“专精特新”企业和维护产业链供应链安全的重要保障,研究风险投资对初创企业出口供应链多元的影响对提出重塑创新主体和构建安全、富有韧性的供应链具有重要意义。在测度初创企业出口供应链多元指数的基础上,整合多方数据库,利用双重差分法检验了风险投资对企业出口供应链多元的影响效应和作用渠道。研究发现,初创企业存在较高的供应链波动,供应链多元程度较低,值得更多关注;风险投资对企业供应链多元存在提升作用,特别是对企业出口市场多元化的提升作用更明显;缓解融资约束和促进初创企业创新,是风险投资提升企业供应链多元的重要渠道。进一步考察风险投资对企业出口供应链韧性影响,发现风险投资提升了企业出口供应链效率,也提升了企业存货及存货周转率,实现了兼顾供应链的“效率和安全”。

基于边界法的大型机组组合模型的简化方法

随着电网规模的持续扩大,市场环境下考虑网络安全约束的机组组合(security-constrained unit commitment,SCUC)模型中的变量和约束显著增加,模型的求解性能变差。当模型规模过大时,会出现现有的商用求解器无法求解的状况,造成大规模模型求解困难的问题。为实现大规模机组组合模型的快速求解,从减少模型约束数量的角度出发,提出了一种基于边界法的线性约束简化方法。通过边界法剔除模型中冗余的线性约束,可以有效降低模型规模,实现模型的快速求解。基于IEEE-39、WECC 179和IEEE-118算例,在市场环境下进行日前SCUC测试。通过对比简化前后的求解时间,表明该方法能够显著提高模型的求解速率。

Stochastic Dynamic Economic Dispatch of Wind-integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems Considering Security Risk Constraints

As the proportion of wind power generation increases in power systems,it is necessary to develop new ways for wind power accommodation and improve the existing power dispatch model.The power-to-gas technology,which offers a new approach to accommodate surplus wind power,is an excellent way to solve the former.Hence,this paper proposes to involve power-to-gas technology in the integrated electricity and natural gas systems(IEGSs).To solve the latter,on one hand,a new indicator,the scale factor of wind power integration,is introduced into the wind power stochastic model to better describe the uncertainty of grid-connected wind power;on the other hand,for quantizing and minimizing the impact of the uncertainties of wind power and system loads on system security,security risk constraints are established for the IEGS by the conditional value-at-risk method.By considering these two aspects,an MILP formulation of a security-risk based stochastic dynamic economic dispatch model for an IEGS is established,and GUROBI obtained from GAMS is used for the solution.Case studies are conducted on an IEGS consisting of a modified IEEE 39-bus system and the Belgium 20-node natural gas system to examine the effectiveness of the proposed dispatch model.

Transmission network expansion planning with embedded constraints of short circuit currents and N-1 security

An approach of transmission network expan-sion planning with embedded constraints of short circuit currents and N-1 security is proposed in this paper.The problem brought on by the strong nonlinearity property of short circuit currents is solved with a linearization method based on the DC power flow.The model can be converted to a mixed-integer linear programming problem,realizing the optimization of planning model that considers the constraints of linearized short circuit currents and N-1 security.To compensate the error caused by the assump-tions of DC power flow,the compensation factor is pro-posed.With this factor,an iterative algorithm that can compensate the linearization error is then presented.The case study based on the IEEE 118-bus system shows that the proposed model and approach can be utilized to:opti-mize the construction strategy of transmission lines;ensure the N-1 security of the network;and effectively limit the short circuit currents of the system.