Effects of feeding yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), organic selenium and chromium mixed on growth performance and carcass traits of hair lambs

Yeasts and organic minerals are used in diets to improve health, productive performance and some carcass characteristics of ruminants and non-ruminants. Thirty-two lambs（Pelibuey×Katahdin; BW=（30.55±1.67） kg; n=8） were used in a 56-d feeding experiment to study the effects of different levels of live yeast（Saccharomyces cerevisiae; yeast）, selenium（Se） and chromium（Cr） mixed（Se-Cr）, and a mixture of yeast-Se-Cr on growth performance and carcass traits. Animals were stratified by body weight（BW） and randomly assigned to one of four treatments： 1） control group（0.0 g kg–1 yeast）; 2） yeast（1.50 g kg–1 dry matter intake（DMI） d–1）; 3） Se-Cr premix（1.5 mg kg–1 DMI d–1 for each mineral）; and 4） yeast-Se-Cr mixture. There were no treatment effects on final BW; whereas lambs fed Se-Cr or yeast-Se-Cr had higher（P〈0.05） DMI than animals supplemented with only yeast. Average daily gain（ADG）, gain：feed ratio, chop area, dorsal fat and carcass yield were similar（P〉0.05） among treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementation with yeast, Se-Cr mixed or yeast-Se-Cr did not improve ADG, final BW, back fat content and carcass yield of growing of Pelibuey×Katahdin lambs. Supplementation with Se-Cr and yeast-Se-Cr increased DMI, and approximately 250 g ADG animal–1 d–1 was produced with no negative effects on growth and health of the animals.

Efficacy of Xiaojin Capsules Combined with Selenium Yeast Capsules on 120 Cases of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with Abnormal Thyroid Function

[Objectives]To explore the efficacy of Xiaojin Capsules combined with Selenium Yeast Capsules in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)with abnormal thyroid function.[Methods]A total of 180 HT patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the observation group(n=120)and the control group(n=60)in at a tratio of 2∶1 ratio according to their visiting time.The observation group was treated with Xiaojin Capsules(oral,5 capsules each time,twice a day for 12 weeks)and Selenium Yeast Capsules(oral,1 capsule each time,twice a day for 12 weeks).The control group was treated with only Selenium Yeast Capsules(oral,1 capsule each time,twice a day for 12 weeks).[Results]The difference in the levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab),thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb),serum free triiodothyronine(FT_(3)),serum free thyroxine(FT_(4)),and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)between the observation group and control group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diameters of thyroid between the observation group and the control group before,during and after treatment were significantly different(P<0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 82.5%(99/120),which was significantly higher than 56.67%(34/60)in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The cure rate(22.50%)in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(3.33%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The ineffective rate of the observation group was 17.50%,which was significantly lower than that of the control group(40.00%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The markedly effective rate of the observation group was 40.83%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(31.67%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The effective rate in the observation group was 191%,and the effective rate in the control group was 21.67%,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).[Conclusions]Xiaojin Capsules combined with Selenium Yeast Capsules in the treatment of HT can eliminate or alleviate the clinical symptoms and signs,significantly reduce the levels of TPO-Ab and TGAb in serum,restore thyroid function,improve thyroid shape and structure in the treatment of HT,and the clinical effect is satisfactory.

Advances in selenium supplementation:From selenium-enriched yeast to potential selenium-enriched insects,and selenium nanoparticles

Selenium(Se)is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in animal and human development and physiological homoeostasis.This review surveys the role of Se in the environment,plants and animal bodies,and discusses data on Se biofortification with different sources of supplementation,from inorganic to organic forms,with special focus on Se-enriched yeast(Se-yeast).Although Se-yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se,other emerging and innovative sources are reviewed,such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles and their potential use in animal nutrition.Se-enriched insects are discussed as an option for supplying Se in organic form to livestock diets.Se-nanoparticles are also discussed,as they represent a more biocompatible and less toxic source of inorganic Se for animal organisms,compared to selenite and selenate.We also provide up to date information on the legal framework in the EU,USA,and Canada of Se that is contained in feed additives.From the scientific evidence available in the literature,it can be concluded that among the inorganic forms,sodium selenite is still one of the main options,whereas Se-yeast remains the primary organic form.However,other potential sources such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles are being investigated as they could potentially combine a high bioavailability and reduced Se emissions in the environment.

NAA OF Se WITH A GAMMA—GAMMA COINCIDENCE AND COMPTON SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

The paper describes a method of selenium determination by neutron activation analysis using gamma-gamma coincidence spectrometer with Compton suppression. The analysis results of some standard reference material from NBS or IAEA are reported. The differences between our data and reported values are discussed.

Combined yeast culture and organic selenium supplementation during late gestation and lactation improve preweaning piglet performance by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and milk content in nutrient-restricted sows

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with yeast culture(YC)and organic selenium(Se)during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance,milk quality,piglet preweaning performance,antioxidant capacity,and secretion of immunoglobulin in multiparous sows.A total of 160 healthy cross-bred sows(Landrace×Yorkshire,mean parity 4.1±0.3)were randomly assigned to 4 groups as follows:1)high nutrient(HN),3,420 kcal/kg digestible energy(DE)and 18.0%crude protein(CP);2)low nutrient(LN),3,240 kcal/kg DE and 16.0%CP;3)LN+YC,LN diet+10 g/kg YC;4)LN+YC+Se,LN diet+10 g/kg YC+organic Se(1 mg/kg Se).Feeding trials of sows started from d 85 of pregnancy to d 35 of lactation.Compared with sows in the LN group,sows fed the LN+YC+Se diet had greater litter weaning weight,average litter gain,and milk fat content(14-d and25-d milk)(P<0.05).The content of malonaldehyde(MDA)(colostrum and 14-d milk)was lesser,and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)(colostrum and 25-d milk)was greater when sows were fed the LN+YC+Se diet,compared with sows fed the LN diet(P<0.05).Supplementation of YC and organic Se in the nutrient-restricted diet improved sows’reproductive performance and pig weaning body weight by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and fat content in milk.

Milk selenium content and speciation in response to supranutritional selenium yeast supplementation in cows

The effects of selenium(Se)yeast supplementation on performance,blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters,and milk Se content and speciation were evaluated.Thirty-six mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:1)control(basal diet containing Se at 0.11 mg/kg DM),2)basal diet+0.5 mg supplemental Se/kg DM(SY-0.5),and 3)basal diet+5 mg supplemental Se/kg DM(SY-5).Selenium was supplemented as Se yeast.The trial consisted of a 1-week pretrial period and an 8-week experimental period.Milk somatic cell score decreased with SY-5 supplementation(P<0.05),but other performance parameters were not affected(P>0.05).The serum Se concentration increased with the increasing levels of Se yeast supplementation(P<0.05),however,blood biochemical parameters showed few treatment effects.The antioxidant capacity of dairy cows was improved with Se yeast supplementation reflected in increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity(P<0.05)and total antioxidant capacity(P=0.08),and decreased malondialdehyde concentration(P<0.05).Milk total Se concentration increased with Se dose(P<0.05).Also,the selenomethionine concentration increased with Se dose from 13.0±0.7 pg/kg in control to 33.1±2.1 pg/kg in SY-0.5 and 530.4±17.5 pg/kg in SY-5 cows(P<0.05).Similarly,selenocystine concentration increased from 15.6±0.9μg/kg in control and 18.9±1.1 pg/kg in SY-0.5 to 22.2±1.5 pg/kg in SY-5 cows(P<0.05).In conclusion,Se yeast is a good organic Se source to produce Se-enriched cow milk with increased Se species including selenomethionine and selenocystine.The results can provide useful information on milk Se species when a high dose Se yeast was supplemented in the cow diet.

Microbiome and ileum transcriptome revealed the boosting effects of selenium yeast on egg production in aged laying hens

The declines in laying performance during the late productionperiod have adverse effects on the length of theproduction cycle. Improving the nutrition of laying hens is a crucialmeasure to reverse this declination. Thisstudy investigatedthe effect of seleniumyeast (SY)on egg production, ileal gene expressionandmicrobiota, aswell as elucidating their associations in aged laying hens. A total of 375 Jinghong laying hens at 76weeks oldwere randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments, which included a selenium-deficient basal diet based oncorn-soybean meal, and dietary supplementation of SY at 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mg/kg, and sodium selenite at0.45mg/kg.The results showed that SYamelioratedthe depressionin aged layingperformance inthe 0.30mg/kg group (P < 0.01). Selenium yeast significantly increased ileum selenium concentration (P < 0.05), and SYgroups had higher seleniumdeposition efficiency than the sodiumselenite group. Functional enrichment andShort Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis indicated that SY activated metabolic progress (e.g.,glycerolipidmetabolism, glycerophospholipidmetabolism, andfattyacidmetabolism),immune responseandoxidative stress response. Four hub genes including thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), dihydrolipoamidedehydrogenase (DLD), integrin linked kinase (ILK) and leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 (LZTS2) wereinvolved in intestinal metabolismwhich was closely associated with selenium deposition/status. Moreover,the relative abundance of Veillonella, Turicibacter and Lactobacillus was significantly increased, but the relativeabundance of Stenotrophomonas was significantly decreased by SY supplementation. Multi-omics dataintegration and Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that both the ileumselenium content andthe laying rate were highly correlated with pathways and bacteria enriched in metabolism and immuneresponse. Meanwhile, the “switched on” gene prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) had a positive relationshipwith Veillonella and a negative relationship with the opportunistic pathogens Stenotrophomonas. Overall, ourstudy offered insight for the further exploration of the role of SY on boosting egg production and balancingileum intestinal flora in aged laying hens.

酵母硒对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响

旨在探讨酵母硒对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响。选取150只1日龄白羽公肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只,对照组以玉米-豆粕为基础饲料,各试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别添加0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4 mg/kg的酵母硒,预试期7 d,正式试验期42 d。结果显示:添加酵母硒的各试验组对生长性能和屠宰性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。在肉品质方面,试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组的红度(a^(*))值和宰后45 min的pH值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组宰后24 h的pH值与对照组相比有显著提高(P<0.05)。在抗氧化性能方面,试验Ⅳ组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。提示:肉鸡日粮添加酵母硒的最适宜添加量为0.3 mg/kg。

酵母硒联合枯草芽孢杆菌对肉羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及屠宰性能的影响

本文旨在研究酵母硒(Yeast Selenium,YS)联合枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Subtilis,BS)对肉羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及屠宰性能的影响。试验将60只日龄和体重相近的杜寒杂交羊随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只。其中,CON组肉羊饲喂基础日粮,YS组肉羊饲喂基础日粮+100 mg/kg酵母硒,BS组肉羊饲喂基础日粮+30 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,YS+BS组肉羊饲喂基础日粮+100 mg/kg酵母硒+30 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌。试验为期72 d,预饲期7 d,正试期65 d。结果显示:(1)与CON组相比,YS+BS组肉羊的末重显著提高5.25%(P<0.05),平均日增重显著提高15.93%(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,YS组、BS组、YS+BS组肉羊的料重比分别显著下降7.18%、6.20%、12.72%(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组、YS组相比,BS组、YS+BS组肉羊瘤胃pH值显著降低(P<0.05),乙酸含量和乙丙比显著提高(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,BS组、YS+BS组肉羊瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)与CON组相比,YS+BS组肉羊的宰前活重、胴体重、眼肌面积显著提高5.38%、7.49%、17.37%(P<0.05)。由此可见,酵母硒联合枯草芽孢杆菌能提高肉羊生长性能,改善瘤胃发酵及屠宰性能。

酵母硒复合制剂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为分析酵母硒复合制剂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。试验选取300羽28周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复15羽。对照组根据《海兰褐壳蛋鸡商品代饲养管理技术规程》(DB34/T1650~2012)配制基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂。预饲期7d,正试期60d。结果表明:(1)1~30d阶段,随着基础日粮中酵母硒复合制剂添加水平的提高,产蛋率有增加趋势(P <0.10)。31~60d阶段,与对照组相比,基础日粮添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均日产蛋重(P <0.05),且显著降低了蛋鸡的料蛋比(P <0.05)。(2)试验第30天,与对照组相比,基础日粮添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高蛋黄颜色(P <0.05)。试验第60天,与对照组相比,基础日粮添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高鸡蛋重量、蛋白高度(P <0.05),基础日粮添加100、200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高了蛋黄颜色(P <0.05)。由此可见,基础日粮中添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂均能提高蛋鸡生产性能,有效改善蛋品质。

软坚消瘿颗粒联合硒酵母胶囊治疗桥本甲状腺炎的效果及对甲状腺相关抗体水平的影响

目的探讨软坚消瘿颗粒联合硒酵母胶囊治疗桥本甲状腺炎的效果及对甲状腺相关抗体水平的影响。方法选取2019年3月至2022年3月我科收治的150例桥本甲状腺炎患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各75例。对照组采用硒酵母胶囊治疗,观察组采用软坚消瘿颗粒联合硒酵母胶囊治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb)水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平高于对照组,白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、白细胞介素-23(IL-23)水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的丙二醛(MDA)水平低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论软坚消瘿颗粒联合硒酵母胶囊可提高桥本甲状腺炎患者的临床疗效,降低甲状腺相关抗体水平,也能减轻炎症、氧化应激反应,值得推广。

辽东楤木总皂苷联合酵母硒对C57小鼠的降血糖作用

[目的]探究辽东楤木总皂苷联合酵母硒对2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响,为研制治疗糖尿病的新药物提供参考。[方法]选用60只C57小鼠,10只为对照组(A组),其余采用30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病模型作为试验组。建模成功后随机分成B、C、D、E、F组,即模型组、二甲双胍组、辽东楤木总皂苷+酵母硒(120 mg/kg+1.5 mg/kg)组、辽东楤木总皂苷+酵母硒(120 mg/kg+1.0 mg/kg)组、辽东楤木总皂苷+酵母硒(120 mg/kg+0.5 mg/kg)组,每组各10只,连续治疗4周,采用血糖仪、全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪、全自动生化分析仪对C57小鼠尾静脉血液中空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、口服葡萄糖耐量进行检测。[结果]与B组相比,各试验组均有不同程度的变化,C组、D组优于其他各组,且二组之间差异不显著。D组FBG降低了4.86 mmol/L,HbA1c水平下降了3.87%,TC、TG和LDL水平分别下降了1.18、0.02、1.72 mmol/L,而HDL显著升高0.42 mmol/L。口服糖耐量检测2 h恢复至餐前水平。[结论]120 mg/kg辽东楤木总皂苷联合1.5 mg/kg酵母硒降血糖效果最佳。

富硒啤酒酵母的选育及有机硒含量的测定

为了进一步研究微生物富硒的能力,得到富硒能力较强的啤酒酵母,以啤酒酵母WX-01为出发菌,通过高浓度亚硒酸钠初筛,再经过常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变处理以及亚硒酸钠抗性平板筛选,观察菌株的生长状况结合对其生物量与硒含量的测定,选育出一株富硒优势啤酒酵母。通过培养条件为添加质量浓度35 mg/L,加硒时间8 h,培养时间36 h,得到的酵母WX-1的生物量提高到(5192±36)mg/L,较原始菌株WX-01提高了201%,硒含量达到(1475±33)μg/g,较原始菌株提高了330%,其有机硒产量和转化率分别为7658μg/L和97.1%。扫描电镜分析酵母菌富集后表面有少量单质硒析出。另外红外光谱在特定区域出现不同强度的吸收峰表明酵母细胞参与了硒蛋白的合成。

一种抗氧化膳食补充剂的增强免疫作用和毒理学评价

研究以雨生红球藻为主要原料复配富硒酵母、蜂花粉提取物和维生素E组成的抗氧化膳食补充剂的免疫作用和安全性。采用低、中、高三个剂量(0.1、0.2、0.4 g/kg bw)每天一次灌胃,连续30 d,观察对小鼠脾脏、胸腺指数、脾淋巴细胞转化活性、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞水平、半数溶血值(HC_(50))、碳粒廓清速率、巨噬细胞的吞噬作用和自然杀伤细胞活性等指标的影响;通过Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验分别评估受试物的致癌潜力,以及对细胞和生殖系统的遗传毒性情况;通过30 d喂养试验考察受试物亚急性毒性。结果发现,与对照组相比,中、高剂量组OD差值分别提高了10.32%(P<0.05)和14.29%(P<0.01),说明该膳食补充剂可以促进小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖转化能力;高剂量组左右耳肿胀度差增加了8.02%(P<0.05),抗体积数增加了22.12%(P<0.05),说明该膳食补充剂可以显著提升迟发型变态反应能力和抗体生成细胞能力;无急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚急性毒性。实验证明,雨生红球藻、富硒酵母、蜂花粉提取物和维生素E复配的抗氧化膳食补充剂食用安全,具有增强免疫力的功能。

酵母菌源纳米硒的制备、安全性评价及纳米硒奶片研发

为降低无机砷毒性并提高硒的生物利用率,本文利用利用酵母菌将无机硒转化为纳米硒,通过对七株益生酵母菌的筛选,最终确定酿酒酵母ATCC 18824为最佳的硒转化菌株,并建立了其最佳纳米硒转化条件。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对合成的纳米硒进行结构和形态的观察及特性表征,并通过小鼠30 d喂养实验验证了纳米硒的安全性。结果表明,ATCC18824合成的纳米硒表现出良好的分散性,呈现大小均一、饱满的圆球形的Se~0纳米硒单质,Na_(2)SeO_(3)添加量控制在0.5~1.5 mg/mL,30℃,60~72 h培养时为最优。研究还发现,纳米硒在胞内合成,随时间延长逐渐释放胞外,可在72 h完全排出胞外。30 d喂养实验表明纳米硒对小鼠体重变化、脏器指数、血液常规和生化分析、主要脏器组织等均无显著性影响,验证了其体内安全性。基于此,本研究成功研发了感官评价良好、营养成分丰富的酵母菌源纳米硒奶片,硒含量为12.67μg/g、16.67μg/g和33.33μg/g,营养价值高于部分市售奶片,展示了其在食品加工业中作为新型安全食品添加剂的潜在应用价值。

酵母硒对肠道健康的调节机理及其应用于猪生产的研究进展

酵母硒是一种有机硒补充剂,具有抗氧化、增强免疫、抗癌、保护肝脏等多种生物学功能。近年来研究表明,酵母硒作为饲料添加剂能够提高动物肠道抗氧化能力、维持肠道屏障完整性,调节免疫和微生物菌群。文章总结了酵母硒调节动物肠道健康的功能及作用机理,并对其在猪生产中的应用进行综述,以期为酵母硒在改善动物肠道健康方面的基础研究和富硒猪肉的生产应用提供参考依据。

日粮酵母硒添加水平对北京油鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平酵母硒对北京油鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋硒沉积以及血清抗氧化能力的影响。选用同一批次、健康良好的北京油鸡504只,随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。A组饲喂基础日粮(不额外添加硒源),B组~G组在基础日粮中额外添加0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6 mg/kg酵母硒(以硒计)。试验期63d,其中预试期7d,正式试验期56d。结果显示:酵母硒添加水平对北京油鸡生产性能影响不显著(P>0.05);E组~G组蛋黄色泽显著高于A组(P<0.05),但酵母硒添加水平对哈夫单位、蛋白高度、蛋形指数、蛋壳色泽、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度等指标影响不显著(P>0.05);日粮添加酵母硒能够提高蛋黄硒、蛋清硒和全蛋硒含量;随着酵母硒添加水平的提高,蛋鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量有降低的趋势(P>0.05),B组~G组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GSH-Px)活性显著高于A组(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加不同水平的酵母硒对北京油鸡蛋鸡生产性无影响,有改善蛋黄色泽的趋势,可以增加蛋硒含量和血清抗氧化能力,推荐日粮酵母硒添加水平达到0.3mg/kg即可。

饲粮中添加酵母硒和二羟基丙酮对山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化、抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加酵母硒和二羟基丙酮对山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化、抗氧化指标的影响。选取6月龄健康、雄性川中黑山羊96只,平均体重(24.83±1.50)kg,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只羊。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.3 mg/kg的酵母硒(SY组)、25 mg/kg的二羟基丙酮(DHA组)及0.3 mg/kg的酵母硒+25 mg/kg的二羟基丙酮(SY-DHA组)。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,SY组和SY-DHA组的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,SY组和SY-DHA组的干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。3)各组之间屠宰性能和器官指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与CON组相比,SY组和SY-DHA组的背最长肌和股二头肌红度值、pH 45 min显著提高(P<0.05),且SY-DHA组的股二头肌红度值显著高于SY组(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,SY组、DHA组和SY-DHA组的背最长肌滴水损失和股二头肌pH 24h显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与CON相比,SY组、DHA组和SY-DHA组的血清总蛋白(TP)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P<0.05);DHA组和SY-DHA组的血清球蛋白(GLB)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著提高(P<0.05),SY-DHA组的血清白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。6)与CON相比,SY组、DHA组和SY-DHA组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);SY组和SY-DHA组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加酵母硒可以提高山羊生长性能和营养物质表观消化率;饲粮中添加酵母硒或二羟基丙酮均可以改善山羊肉品质,提高血清TP含量,改善脂质代谢,提高抗氧化能力,酵母硒和二羟基丙酮联合添加效果更优。

蚯蚓处理添加不同硒源牛粪的比较研究

根据蚯蚓的生长繁殖和蚓体富硒情况,选出两种不同的硒源按不同的浓度混入牛粪中,利用蚯蚓处理牛粪,实现养殖业粪污的资源化利用。试验利用亚硒酸钠(Sodium selenite,SS)与富硒酵母(Selenium enriched yeast,SY)易富硒、价格低廉优势,选取亚硒酸钠和富硒酵母作为硒源添加剂,促进蚯蚓对硒富集,生产优质富硒肥料。探索有机硒与无机硒对蚯蚓生长繁殖的影响,以期实现蚯蚓养殖处理粪污的同时生产富硒肥料,提高特种养殖经济效益。试验通过在牛粪基料中添加2种硒源(亚硒酸钠SS、富硒酵母SY)、3个水平(5、10、15 mg·kg^(-1)),以硒元素计,选择出两种硒源的最适富硒量。结果表明,随着牛粪中硒添加量升高,蚯蚓的生长繁殖逐渐被抑制,硒浓度越高,蚯蚓的生长繁殖被抑制程度越高,当SY的硒添加量为15 mg·kg^(-1)时,蚯蚓有明显的中毒现象;硒浓度越高,蚯蚓体硒含量越高,二者成正比;牛粪中添加同一水平的SS与SY,SY组蚯蚓的硒含量明显高于SS组。

姜黄素联合富硒酵母对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨姜黄素联合富硒酵母对急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将60只C57B6L/J小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、姜黄素组(33.33 mg·kg^(-1) bw)、富硒酵母组(7.50 mg·kg^(-1) bw)和联合组(姜黄素33.33 mg·kg^(-1) bw+富硒酵母7.50 mg·kg^(-1) bw),每组12只;干预30 d后,一次性灌胃50%乙醇溶液(12 mL·kg^(-1) bw)建立急性酒精性肝损伤模型;观察小鼠体重、摄食、行为变化;检测小鼠肝脏指数与丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)和甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)水平;油红染色观察小鼠肝脏组织病理学变化。结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠表现出肝脏肿大、肝细胞中脂滴大量堆积病理损伤,肝脏组织MDA和TG水平显著升高(P<0.05);姜黄素联合富硒酵母能显著降低小鼠肝脏中MDA和TG表达,提高GSH水平(P<0.05),减轻小鼠肝脏脂肪沉积。结论:姜黄素联合富硒酵母能够改善急性酒精灌胃诱导的肝脏脂质异常堆积,减轻氧化应激水平,对急性酒精性肝损伤具有良好的保护作用。