A green low-cost redox flow battery using Zn/Znredox couple in HAc/NaAc medium and Fe/Feredox couple in HSOmedium was first proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The presence ...A green low-cost redox flow battery using Zn/Znredox couple in HAc/NaAc medium and Fe/Feredox couple in HSOmedium was first proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The presence of HAc/NaAc in the negative electrolyte can keep the pH between 2.0 and 6.0even when a large amount of Hions move into negative electrolyte from positive electrolyte through ion exchange membrane. In the pH range of 2.0–6.0, the chemical reaction of Zn species with Hspecies is very insignificant; furthermore, the electroreduction of Hion on the negative electrode is significantly suppressed at this pH range. The zinc-ferrum redox flow battery（Zn/Fe RFB） operated within a voltage window of 0.5–2.0 V with a nearly 90% utilization ratio, and its energy efficiency is around 71.1% at room temperature. These results show that Zn/Fe RFB is a promising option as a stationary energy storage equipment.展开更多
Haematococcus pluvialis is an ideal natural source of strong antioxidant astaxanthin.Sodium acetate(NaAc)was proven an effective organic carbon source for improving algal growth and astaxanthin production;however,the ...Haematococcus pluvialis is an ideal natural source of strong antioxidant astaxanthin.Sodium acetate(NaAc)was proven an effective organic carbon source for improving algal growth and astaxanthin production;however,the underlying mechanism remains obscure.To reveal the mechanism of NaAc at the green vegetative stage of H.pluvialis,the physiochemical characteristics and the global protein expression profiles obtained using a tandem mass tag labeling approach were compared between the control(CK)and two NaAc-addition groups.Results show that after NaAc addition,the biomass,nitrate consumption rate,and activities of three carbohydrate metabolism enzymes of H.pluvialis were significantly increased,and the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content decreased.In addition,astaxanthin,total carbohydrates,and total lipids were accumulated,and some red cells appeared in the NaAc5 group.Moreover,317 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)with the most altered expression patterns were screened out in the CK vs.NaAc5 comparison in our proteomics study.All the DEPs involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism were significantly increased,while most of the photosynthesis-related proteins were depressed in the two NaAc-treated groups.The proteomics results were verified and supported by parallel reaction monitoring approach and physiochemical data.Our findings demonstrate that NaAc promoted the tricarboxylic acid cycle,glyoxylate cycle,and amino acid and lipid synthesis,and inhibited the photo synthe sis-related activities,which consequently speeded up the growth and astaxanthin accumulation in this alga.展开更多
The high NO_(3)^(−)concentration in fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5))during heavy haze events has attracted much attention,but the formation mechanism of nitrates remains largely uncertain,especially concerning heter...The high NO_(3)^(−)concentration in fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5))during heavy haze events has attracted much attention,but the formation mechanism of nitrates remains largely uncertain,especially concerning heterogeneous uptake of NOX by aqueous phase.In this work,the heterogeneous uptake of NO_(2) by sodium acetate(NaAc)droplets with different NO_(2) concentrations and relative humidity(RH)conditions is investigated by microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(micro-FTIR).The IR feature changes of aqueous droplets indicate the acetate depletion and nitrite formation in humid environment.This implies that acetate droplets can provide the alkaline aqueous circumstances caused by acetate hydrolysis and acetic acid(HAc)volatilization for nitrite formation during the NO_(2) heterogeneous uptake.Meanwhile,the nitrite formation will exhibit a pH neutralizing effect on acetate hydrolysis,further facilitating HAc volatilization and acetate depletion.The heterogeneous uptake coefficient increases from 5.2×10^(−6) to 1.27×10^(−5) as RH decreases from 90%to 60%due to the enhanced HAc volatilization.Furthermore,no obvious change in uptake coefficient with different NO_(2) concentrations is observed.This work may provide a new pathway for atmospheric nitrogen cycling and secondary nitrite aerosol formation.展开更多
基金financially supported by the NSFC(No.21361010,China)
文摘A green low-cost redox flow battery using Zn/Znredox couple in HAc/NaAc medium and Fe/Feredox couple in HSOmedium was first proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The presence of HAc/NaAc in the negative electrolyte can keep the pH between 2.0 and 6.0even when a large amount of Hions move into negative electrolyte from positive electrolyte through ion exchange membrane. In the pH range of 2.0–6.0, the chemical reaction of Zn species with Hspecies is very insignificant; furthermore, the electroreduction of Hion on the negative electrode is significantly suppressed at this pH range. The zinc-ferrum redox flow battery（Zn/Fe RFB） operated within a voltage window of 0.5–2.0 V with a nearly 90% utilization ratio, and its energy efficiency is around 71.1% at room temperature. These results show that Zn/Fe RFB is a promising option as a stationary energy storage equipment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No31572638)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Haematococcus pluvialis is an ideal natural source of strong antioxidant astaxanthin.Sodium acetate(NaAc)was proven an effective organic carbon source for improving algal growth and astaxanthin production;however,the underlying mechanism remains obscure.To reveal the mechanism of NaAc at the green vegetative stage of H.pluvialis,the physiochemical characteristics and the global protein expression profiles obtained using a tandem mass tag labeling approach were compared between the control(CK)and two NaAc-addition groups.Results show that after NaAc addition,the biomass,nitrate consumption rate,and activities of three carbohydrate metabolism enzymes of H.pluvialis were significantly increased,and the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content decreased.In addition,astaxanthin,total carbohydrates,and total lipids were accumulated,and some red cells appeared in the NaAc5 group.Moreover,317 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)with the most altered expression patterns were screened out in the CK vs.NaAc5 comparison in our proteomics study.All the DEPs involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism were significantly increased,while most of the photosynthesis-related proteins were depressed in the two NaAc-treated groups.The proteomics results were verified and supported by parallel reaction monitoring approach and physiochemical data.Our findings demonstrate that NaAc promoted the tricarboxylic acid cycle,glyoxylate cycle,and amino acid and lipid synthesis,and inhibited the photo synthe sis-related activities,which consequently speeded up the growth and astaxanthin accumulation in this alga.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91644101 and 42127806).
文摘The high NO_(3)^(−)concentration in fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5))during heavy haze events has attracted much attention,but the formation mechanism of nitrates remains largely uncertain,especially concerning heterogeneous uptake of NOX by aqueous phase.In this work,the heterogeneous uptake of NO_(2) by sodium acetate(NaAc)droplets with different NO_(2) concentrations and relative humidity(RH)conditions is investigated by microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(micro-FTIR).The IR feature changes of aqueous droplets indicate the acetate depletion and nitrite formation in humid environment.This implies that acetate droplets can provide the alkaline aqueous circumstances caused by acetate hydrolysis and acetic acid(HAc)volatilization for nitrite formation during the NO_(2) heterogeneous uptake.Meanwhile,the nitrite formation will exhibit a pH neutralizing effect on acetate hydrolysis,further facilitating HAc volatilization and acetate depletion.The heterogeneous uptake coefficient increases from 5.2×10^(−6) to 1.27×10^(−5) as RH decreases from 90%to 60%due to the enhanced HAc volatilization.Furthermore,no obvious change in uptake coefficient with different NO_(2) concentrations is observed.This work may provide a new pathway for atmospheric nitrogen cycling and secondary nitrite aerosol formation.
